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ICCT 
== Getting started ==

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ICCT 

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ICCT 

== Getting started ==

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ICCT 

== Getting started ==

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test</text>
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    <text bytes="102" xml:space="preserve">===Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT)===
==of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG)==</text>
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== of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) ==</text>
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== of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) ==

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== of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) ==

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    <comment>New page: * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-ur...</comment>
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** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport

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    <text bytes="244" xml:space="preserve">* ICCT navigation
** mainpage
** mainpage

* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport</text>
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    <text bytes="233" xml:space="preserve">* ICCT
** mainpage
** mainpage

* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport</text>
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    <text bytes="233" xml:space="preserve">* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport

* ICCT
** mainpage
** mainpage</text>
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    <text bytes="251" xml:space="preserve">* ICCT
** mainpage|mainpage
** mainpage|mainpage

* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport</text>
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    <text bytes="140" xml:space="preserve">* ICCT
** mainpage|Main page!
** mainpage|mainpage

* tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
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    <text bytes="351" xml:space="preserve">* ICCT
** mainpage|Main page!
** Contact|Contast
** Study_groups|Study groups

* Study groups
** IC_SG1|Study group 1
** IC_SG2|Study group 2
** IC_SG3|Study group 3
** IC_SG4|Study group 4
** IC_SG5|Study group 5
** IC_SG6|Study group 6
** IC_SG7|Study group 7

* tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
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    <text bytes="351" xml:space="preserve">* ICCT
** mainpage|Main page!
** Contact|Contact
** Study_groups|Study groups

* Study groups
** IC_SG1|Study group 1
** IC_SG2|Study group 2
** IC_SG3|Study group 3
** IC_SG4|Study group 4
** IC_SG5|Study group 5
** IC_SG6|Study group 6
** IC_SG7|Study group 7

* tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
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<page arvcontinue="">
  <title>Organization</title>
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    <comment>New page: == Contact == === President ===   '''Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nico Sneeuw'''  Institute of Geodesy  Universität Stuttgart  Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24/D  D-70174 Stuttgart  Germany  Phone: ++49 711 ...</comment>
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    <text bytes="601" xml:space="preserve">== Contact ==
=== President ===

 '''Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nico Sneeuw'''
 Institute of Geodesy
 Universität Stuttgart
 Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24/D
 D-70174 Stuttgart
 Germany
 Phone: ++49 711 68583389
 Fax: ++49 711 68583285
 Email:
 nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de
 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/gi/institute/mitarbeiter/sneeuw.html

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email:
 panovak@kma.zcu.cz
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak</text>
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    <text bytes="587" xml:space="preserve">=== President ===

 '''Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nico Sneeuw'''
 Institute of Geodesy
 Universität Stuttgart
 Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24/D
 D-70174 Stuttgart
 Germany
 Phone: ++49 711 68583389
 Fax: ++49 711 68583285
 Email:
 nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de
 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/gi/institute/mitarbeiter/sneeuw.html

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email:
 panovak@kma.zcu.cz
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak</text>
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    <comment>New page: ==Terms of Reference==  The InterCommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section...</comment>
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    <text bytes="2123" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The InterCommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities. As a result of this restructuring, and recognizing that geodetic observing systems have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements

# are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield nonconventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and
# consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, the ICCT
## strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need/practice, as a contribution to science/engineering in general and the foundations of geodesy in particular;
## provides the channel of communication amongst the different IAG entities of commissions/ services/projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topic-oriented work;
## helps the IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. The ICCT should strive to attract and serve as home to mathematically motivated/oriented geodesists and to applied mathematicians; and
## encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of the Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has been always playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The main objectives of the ICCT are

* to be the international focal point of theoretical geodesy,
* to encourage and initiate activities to further geodetic theory,
* to monitor research developments in geodetic modelling.

To achieve these objectives, the ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions and other IAG related entities (services, projects).</text>
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    <comment>New page: ==Intercommission Study Groups==  {| | [WGS/wg01.html IC-SG1] | '''Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''' |- | Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)'' |- | A...</comment>
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    <text bytes="1098" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==

{|
|
[WGS/wg01.html IC-SG1]
| '''Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames'''
|-
| Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''
|-
|
[WGS/wg02.html IC-SG2]
| '''Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks'''
|-
| Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''
|-
|
[WGS/wg03.html IC-SG3]
| '''Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques'''
|-
| Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|-
|
[WGS/wg04.html IC-SG4]
| '''Inverse theory and global optimization'''
|-
| Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[WGS/wg05.html IC-SG5]
| '''Satellite gravity theory'''
|-
| Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[WGS/wg06.html IC-SG6]
| '''InSAR for tectonophysics'''
|-
| Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''
|-
|
[WGS/wg07.html IC-SG7]
| '''Temporal variations of deformation and gravity'''
|-
| Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''
|}</text>
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    <text bytes="1086" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==

{|
|
[[ic_sg1]]
| '''Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames'''
|-
| Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''
|-
|
[WGS/wg02.html IC-SG2]
| '''Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks'''
|-
| Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''
|-
|
[WGS/wg03.html IC-SG3]
| '''Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques'''
|-
| Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|-
|
[WGS/wg04.html IC-SG4]
| '''Inverse theory and global optimization'''
|-
| Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[WGS/wg05.html IC-SG5]
| '''Satellite gravity theory'''
|-
| Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[WGS/wg06.html IC-SG6]
| '''InSAR for tectonophysics'''
|-
| Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''
|-
|
[WGS/wg07.html IC-SG7]
| '''Temporal variations of deformation and gravity'''
|-
| Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''
|}</text>
    <sha1>7477243d09a393a87d27d3c0a10ebb6cc90c8016</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>111</id>
    <parentid>85</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:36:49Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1087" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==

{|
|
[[ic_sg1|'''Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''
|-
|
[WGS/wg02.html IC-SG2]
| '''Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks'''
|-
| Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''
|-
|
[WGS/wg03.html IC-SG3]
| '''Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques'''
|-
| Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|-
|
[WGS/wg04.html IC-SG4]
| '''Inverse theory and global optimization'''
|-
| Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[WGS/wg05.html IC-SG5]
| '''Satellite gravity theory'''
|-
| Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[WGS/wg06.html IC-SG6]
| '''InSAR for tectonophysics'''
|-
| Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''
|-
|
[WGS/wg07.html IC-SG7]
| '''Temporal variations of deformation and gravity'''
|-
| Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''
|}</text>
    <sha1>2a4958805efbd4745e147ec3f19845abd28f6992</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>95</id>
    <parentid>85</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:39:06Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1009" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==

{|
|
[[ic_sg1|'''Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''
|-
|
[ic_sg2|'''Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']
| 
|-
| Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''
|-
|
[ic_sg3|'''Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']
| 
|-
| Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|-
|
[ic_sg4|'''Inverse theory and global optimization''']
| 
|-
| Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[ic_sg5|'''Satellite gravity theory''']
| 
|-
| Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[ic_sg6|'''InSAR for tectonophysics''']
| 
|-
| Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''
|-
|
[ic_sg7|'''Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']
| 
|-
| Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''
|}</text>
    <sha1>e95e061867a1c170ef85ecf1318ec64b8ce7569c</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>126</id>
    <parentid>95</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:39:43Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1021" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==

{|
|
[[ic_sg1|'''Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''
|-
|
[[ic_sg2|'''Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''
|-
|
[[ic_sg3|'''Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|-
|
[[ic_sg4|'''Inverse theory and global optimization''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[[ic_sg5|'''Satellite gravity theory''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[[ic_sg6|'''InSAR for tectonophysics''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''
|-
|
[[ic_sg7|'''Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''
|}</text>
    <sha1>ef7c0c60dd5f64957afdcd67040b1800281efdab</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>112</id>
    <parentid>95</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:40:34Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1029" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==

{|
|
[[ic_sg1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''
|-
|
[[ic_sg2|'''Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''
|-
|
[[ic_sg3|'''Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|-
|
[[ic_sg4|'''Inverse theory and global optimization''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[[ic_sg5|'''Satellite gravity theory''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[[ic_sg6|'''InSAR for tectonophysics''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''
|-
|
[[ic_sg7|'''Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''
|}</text>
    <sha1>6bdcd80bb12f776e322f6a90bbd6f444d7dbefb5</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>88</id>
    <parentid>85</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:41:09Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1077" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==

{|
|
[[ic_sg1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''
|-
|
[[ic_sg2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''
|-
|
[[ic_sg3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|-
|
[[ic_sg4|'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[[ic_sg5|'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[[ic_sg6|'''IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''
|-
|
[[ic_sg7|'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''
|}</text>
    <sha1>de8acba1feae7b6c76fc7b2db1bd0e76f574f27a</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>74</id>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:46:16Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1071" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[ic_sg1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|-
|
[[ic_sg4|'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[[ic_sg5|'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''
|-
|
[[ic_sg6|'''IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''
|-
|
[[ic_sg7|'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]
| 
|-
| Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''
|}</text>
    <sha1>edef7aa308e0065f83802d2e4c154bb95cb54c3e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>78</id>
    <parentid>74</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:53:58Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1164" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[ic_sg1&amp;'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;


 Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;

 Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg4|''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;']]&lt;br&gt;
 

 Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;

 Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg5|''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;']]&lt;br&gt;
 

 Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;

 Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg6|''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;']]&lt;br&gt;
 

 Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;

 Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg7|''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;']]&lt;br&gt;
 

 Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;

 Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>f9b1046b57b637785957986e82e1d60dc43f4f2f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>81</id>
    <parentid>78</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:55:40Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1155" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[ic_sg1&amp;'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
 

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;

Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg4|''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;']]&lt;br&gt;
 

Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;

Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg5|''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;']]&lt;br&gt;
 

Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;

Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg6|''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;']]&lt;br&gt;
 

Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;

Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg7|''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;']]&lt;br&gt;
 

Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;

Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>517f0ee0ac2c65c1774f972851f5c469cc84c21d</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>82</id>
    <parentid>81</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:57:03Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1127" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[ic_sg1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
 

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;

Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg4|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
 

Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;

Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg5|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
 

Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;

Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg6|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
 

Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;

Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg7|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
 

Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;

Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>fdc0eb8f0b3481a12b7a043c7f3ac9db65a860db</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>77</id>
    <parentid>74</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:57:35Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1105" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[ic_sg1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg4|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg5|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg6|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[ic_sg7|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>5b88e01a2fcd3ea1b55f939c575c3fde81586e61</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>90</id>
    <parentid>77</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T09:57:59Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1077" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[ic_sg1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;&lt;

[[ic_sg3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg4|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;&lt;

[[ic_sg5|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg6|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg7|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>85e31d98347c04797f85d35dd092dc7c456a3a32</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <text bytes="1075" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[ic_sg1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg4|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg5|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg6|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg7|'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;'IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>760260a4433c5351d3fec0d8f61e51dc4457bd4c</sha1>
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    <text bytes="1039" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[ic_sg1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg4|'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg5|'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg6|'''IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[ic_sg7|'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <text bytes="1039" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <comment>New page: ==IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames==  {| | Chair: ! ''Y.M. Wang (USA)'' |- | Affiliation: ! ''Comm. 2'' |}  ===Introduction===  In today's...</comment>
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    <text bytes="3962" xml:space="preserve">==IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames==

{|
| Chair:
! ''Y.M. Wang (USA)''
|-
| Affiliation:
! ''Comm. 2''
|}

===Introduction===

In today's satellite age, the ellipsoidal height can be determined up to 2 cm-accuracy geometrically by the global positioning system (GPS). If geoid models reach the same accuracy, national or global vertical systems can be established in a quick and economical way with cm-accuracy everywhere.

Geoid modeling has been based on Stokes and Molodensky's theories. In both theories, including the theories of gravity and topographic reductions which are fundamentally important for precise geoid computation, approximations and assumptions are made. The evaluation and verification of the effects of assumptions and approximations in the theories are urgently called for. Due to the massive effort on data collection that has improved our knowledge of the Earth's physical surface and its interior, fixed-boundary value problems become practical and useful. Theoretical and numerical studies along this line are not only important in practice, but also may be a fundamental change in physical geodesy.

The working group aims at bringing together scientists concerned with all aspects of the diverse areas of geodetically relevant theory and its applications. Its goal is to provide a framework consisting of theories and computational methods to ensure that cm-accurate geoid is achievable.

===Objectives===

Theoretical research related to precise geoid computations; studies of geodetic boundary values problems (free and fixed boundary value problems); development and refinement of gravity/topographic reduction theories; exploration and implementation of numerical methods of partial differential equations for Earth's gravity field determination (e.g., domain decomposition, spectral combination and others).

In more details, this includes:

* Studies of the effect of topographic density variations on the Earth's gravity field, especially the geoid.
* Rigorous yet efficient calculation of the topographic effects, refinement of the topographic and gravity reductions.
* Studies on harmonic downward continuations.
* Non-linear effects of the geodetic boundary value problems on the geoid determinations.
* Optimal combination of global gravity models with local gravity data.
* Exploration of numerical methods in solving the geodetic boundary value problems (domain decomposition, finite elements, and others)
* Studies on data requirements, data quality, distribution and sample rate, for a cm- accurate geoid.
* Studies on the time variations of the geoid caused by geodynamics.
* Studies on the interdisciplinary approach for marine geoid determination, e.g., research on realization of a global geoid consistent with the global mean sea surface observed by satellites.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of meetings and conferences.
* Organizing WG meetings or sessions, in coincidence with a larger event, if the presence of working group members appears sufficiently large.
* Email discussion and electronic exchange.
* Launching a web page for dissemination of information, expressing aims, objectives, and discussions.
* Monitoring and reporting activities of working group members and interested external individuals.

===Membership===

'' '''Y.M. Wang, (USA, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; W. Featherstone, Australia&lt;br /&gt; N. Kühtreiber, Austria&lt;br /&gt; H. Moritz, Austria&lt;br /&gt; M.G. Sideris, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Véronneau, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J. Huang, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Santos, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J.C. Li, China&lt;br /&gt; D.B. Cao, China&lt;br /&gt; W.B. Shen, China&lt;br /&gt; F. Mao, China&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; R. Forsberg, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; O. Anderson, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal, Egypt&lt;br /&gt; H. Denker, Germany&lt;br /&gt; B. Heck, Germany&lt;br /&gt; W. Freeden, Germany&lt;br /&gt; J. H. Kwon, Korea&lt;br /&gt; L. Sjöberg, Sweden&lt;br /&gt; D. Roman, USA&lt;br /&gt; J. Saleh, USA&lt;br /&gt; D. Smith USA&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="3962" xml:space="preserve">==IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames==

{|
| Chair:
! ''Y.M. Wang (USA)''
|-
| Affiliation:
! ''Comm. 2''
|}

===Introduction===

In today's satellite age, the ellipsoidal height can be determined up to 2 cm-accuracy geometrically by the global positioning system (GPS). If geoid models reach the same accuracy, national or global vertical systems can be established in a quick and economical way with cm-accuracy everywhere.

Geoid modeling has been based on Stokes and Molodensky's theories. In both theories, including the theories of gravity and topographic reductions which are fundamentally important for precise geoid computation, approximations and assumptions are made. The evaluation and verification of the effects of assumptions and approximations in the theories are urgently called for. Due to the massive effort on data collection that has improved our knowledge of the Earth's physical surface and its interior, fixed-boundary value problems become practical and useful. Theoretical and numerical studies along this line are not only important in practice, but also may be a fundamental change in physical geodesy.

The working group aims at bringing together scientists concerned with all aspects of the diverse areas of geodetically relevant theory and its applications. Its goal is to provide a framework consisting of theories and computational methods to ensure that cm-accurate geoid is achievable.

===Objectives===

Theoretical research related to precise geoid computations; studies of geodetic boundary values problems (free and fixed boundary value problems); development and refinement of gravity/topographic reduction theories; exploration and implementation of numerical methods of partial differential equations for Earth's gravity field determination (e.g., domain decomposition, spectral combination and others).

In more details, this includes:

* Studies of the effect of topographic density variations on the Earth's gravity field, especially the geoid.
* Rigorous yet efficient calculation of the topographic effects, refinement of the topographic and gravity reductions.
* Studies on harmonic downward continuations.
* Non-linear effects of the geodetic boundary value problems on the geoid determinations.
* Optimal combination of global gravity models with local gravity data.
* Exploration of numerical methods in solving the geodetic boundary value problems (domain decomposition, finite elements, and others)
* Studies on data requirements, data quality, distribution and sample rate, for a cm- accurate geoid.
* Studies on the time variations of the geoid caused by geodynamics.
* Studies on the interdisciplinary approach for marine geoid determination, e.g., research on realization of a global geoid consistent with the global mean sea surface observed by satellites.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of meetings and conferences.
* Organizing WG meetings or sessions, in coincidence with a larger event, if the presence of working group members appears sufficiently large.
* Email discussion and electronic exchange.
* Launching a web page for dissemination of information, expressing aims, objectives, and discussions.
* Monitoring and reporting activities of working group members and interested external individuals.

===Membership===

'' '''Y.M. Wang, (USA, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; W. Featherstone, Australia&lt;br /&gt; N. Kühtreiber, Austria&lt;br /&gt; H. Moritz, Austria&lt;br /&gt; M.G. Sideris, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Véronneau, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J. Huang, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Santos, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J.C. Li, China&lt;br /&gt; D.B. Cao, China&lt;br /&gt; W.B. Shen, China&lt;br /&gt; F. Mao, China&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; R. Forsberg, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; O. Anderson, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal, Egypt&lt;br /&gt; H. Denker, Germany&lt;br /&gt; B. Heck, Germany&lt;br /&gt; W. Freeden, Germany&lt;br /&gt; J. H. Kwon, Korea&lt;br /&gt; L. Sjöberg, Sweden&lt;br /&gt; D. Roman, USA&lt;br /&gt; J. Saleh, USA&lt;br /&gt; D. Smith USA&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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__TOC__

{|
| Chair:
! ''Y.M. Wang (USA)''
|-
| Affiliation:
! ''Comm. 2''
|}

===Introduction===

In today's satellite age, the ellipsoidal height can be determined up to 2 cm-accuracy geometrically by the global positioning system (GPS). If geoid models reach the same accuracy, national or global vertical systems can be established in a quick and economical way with cm-accuracy everywhere.

Geoid modeling has been based on Stokes and Molodensky's theories. In both theories, including the theories of gravity and topographic reductions which are fundamentally important for precise geoid computation, approximations and assumptions are made. The evaluation and verification of the effects of assumptions and approximations in the theories are urgently called for. Due to the massive effort on data collection that has improved our knowledge of the Earth's physical surface and its interior, fixed-boundary value problems become practical and useful. Theoretical and numerical studies along this line are not only important in practice, but also may be a fundamental change in physical geodesy.

The working group aims at bringing together scientists concerned with all aspects of the diverse areas of geodetically relevant theory and its applications. Its goal is to provide a framework consisting of theories and computational methods to ensure that cm-accurate geoid is achievable.

===Objectives===

Theoretical research related to precise geoid computations; studies of geodetic boundary values problems (free and fixed boundary value problems); development and refinement of gravity/topographic reduction theories; exploration and implementation of numerical methods of partial differential equations for Earth's gravity field determination (e.g., domain decomposition, spectral combination and others).

In more details, this includes:

* Studies of the effect of topographic density variations on the Earth's gravity field, especially the geoid.
* Rigorous yet efficient calculation of the topographic effects, refinement of the topographic and gravity reductions.
* Studies on harmonic downward continuations.
* Non-linear effects of the geodetic boundary value problems on the geoid determinations.
* Optimal combination of global gravity models with local gravity data.
* Exploration of numerical methods in solving the geodetic boundary value problems (domain decomposition, finite elements, and others)
* Studies on data requirements, data quality, distribution and sample rate, for a cm- accurate geoid.
* Studies on the time variations of the geoid caused by geodynamics.
* Studies on the interdisciplinary approach for marine geoid determination, e.g., research on realization of a global geoid consistent with the global mean sea surface observed by satellites.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of meetings and conferences.
* Organizing WG meetings or sessions, in coincidence with a larger event, if the presence of working group members appears sufficiently large.
* Email discussion and electronic exchange.
* Launching a web page for dissemination of information, expressing aims, objectives, and discussions.
* Monitoring and reporting activities of working group members and interested external individuals.

===Membership===

'' '''Y.M. Wang, (USA, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; W. Featherstone, Australia&lt;br /&gt; N. Kühtreiber, Austria&lt;br /&gt; H. Moritz, Austria&lt;br /&gt; M.G. Sideris, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Véronneau, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J. Huang, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Santos, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J.C. Li, China&lt;br /&gt; D.B. Cao, China&lt;br /&gt; W.B. Shen, China&lt;br /&gt; F. Mao, China&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; R. Forsberg, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; O. Anderson, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal, Egypt&lt;br /&gt; H. Denker, Germany&lt;br /&gt; B. Heck, Germany&lt;br /&gt; W. Freeden, Germany&lt;br /&gt; J. H. Kwon, Korea&lt;br /&gt; L. Sjöberg, Sweden&lt;br /&gt; D. Roman, USA&lt;br /&gt; J. Saleh, USA&lt;br /&gt; D. Smith USA&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <comment>New page: ==IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks==  {| | Chair: ! ''H. Kutterer (Germany)'' |- | Affiliation: ! ''Comm. 4, 1'' |}  ===Introduction===  Modern geodetic observ...</comment>
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    <text bytes="3284" xml:space="preserve">==IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks==

{|
| Chair:
! ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation:
! ''Comm. 4, 1''
|}

===Introduction===

Modern geodetic observations are usually embedded in an integrated approach based on multi-sensor systems and networks. The fields of application are as manifold as the sensors in use. For example, total stations, GPS receivers and terrestrial laser scanners are applied in engineering geodesy for structural monitoring purposes together with permanently installed equipment. Geometric and physical space-geodetic sensors may serve as a second example since they are used for the determination of global reference frames.

It is good geodetic tradition to assess the quality of the obtained results for further use and interpretation. However, each field of application provides its own quality standards which are to some extent incomplete regarding the immanent processes. At present, there is no general methodology available for the theoretically founded quality assessment of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks and of the induced processes.

The main focus of the SG is on the methodological foundation of quality in the context of close-range applications in engineering geodesy. Typical properties of the systems and networks considered here are on the one hand their readiness for real-time application and their adaptivity to observed system and process variations. On the other hand the systems and networks as well as their input are uncertain which limits analysis, interpretation and control. The IC SG2's work will cover at least three main fields in this context:

* Identification and mathematical definition of the relevant process-related uncertainty and quality properties and models, propagation and inference,
* revision, quality-related extension, and comparison of different approaches for the state space prediction and filtering (e.g., Kalman and shape filters, Bayesian filters, particle filters, fuzzy filters),
* validation studies using applications of broader geodetic interest such as geodetic monitoring, mobile mapping, machine control.

Comparable work outside geodesy both in the engineering and mathematical communities and in international standardization will be taken into account.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of the IC SG2 are

* to derive and promote a terminology and methodology for the quality assessment of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks,
* to provide a unique platform for quality-related issues in geodesy and neighbouring fields,
* to initiate extended studies on related probabilistic and non-probabilistic methods for interpretation and decision,
* to monitor parallel developments in other communities.

To achieve these objectives, the IC SG 2 interacts and collaborates with the ICCT and its entities as well as the IAG Commissions 4 and 1.

The SG's work will be distributed to IAG sister organizations through respective members.

===Program of Activities===

The IC SG2s program of activities will include

* organization of SG meetings and of a scientific workshop on quality issues
* participation in respective symposia,
* maintaining a website for quality-related information,
* supporting contributions to the ICCT activities.</text>
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{|
| Chair:
! ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation:
! ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|}

===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are neccessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observtion data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are ther additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.</text>
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    <text bytes="3939" xml:space="preserve">==IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques==

__TOC__

{|
| Chair:
! ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation:
! ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|}

===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are neccessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observtion data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are ther additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.</text>
    <sha1>b0442c42539f1a344d69f3fe52761a10672a04e9</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <text bytes="3931" xml:space="preserve">==Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques==

__TOC__

{|
| Chair:
! ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
|-
| Affiliation:
! ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''
|}

===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are neccessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observtion data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are ther additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.</text>
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    <text bytes="3914" xml:space="preserve">==Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques==

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are neccessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observtion data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are ther additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.</text>
    <sha1>0c7bf91c6d595d01a1746e442e0340cba1a99678</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <parentid>179</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T11:41:56Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="3918" xml:space="preserve">==Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques==

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are neccessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observtion data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are ther additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.</text>
    <sha1>5a04c4483b08f3dc119ab384b0f31edba2951cb0</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <text bytes="3924" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are neccessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observtion data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are ther additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2008-04-22 11:47:02+00|182">
  <title>IC SG3</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>10</id>
  <revision>
    <id>182</id>
    <parentid>181</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T11:47:02Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="3930" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are neccessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observtion data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are ther additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.</text>
    <sha1>e39dfb5a2960b0ac3fb3b2467cdca6938788b26b</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>175</id>
    <timestamp>2008-04-25T05:49:38Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are necessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observation data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are their additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="2008-04-22 11:47:02+00|182">
  <title>IC SG1</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>8</id>
  <revision>
    <id>153</id>
    <parentid>144</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T11:48:50Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
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    <text bytes="3961" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Y.M. Wang (USA)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

In today's satellite age, the ellipsoidal height can be determined up to 2 cm-accuracy geometrically by the global positioning system (GPS). If geoid models reach the same accuracy, national or global vertical systems can be established in a quick and economical way with cm-accuracy everywhere.

Geoid modeling has been based on Stokes and Molodensky's theories. In both theories, including the theories of gravity and topographic reductions which are fundamentally important for precise geoid computation, approximations and assumptions are made. The evaluation and verification of the effects of assumptions and approximations in the theories are urgently called for. Due to the massive effort on data collection that has improved our knowledge of the Earth's physical surface and its interior, fixed-boundary value problems become practical and useful. Theoretical and numerical studies along this line are not only important in practice, but also may be a fundamental change in physical geodesy.

The working group aims at bringing together scientists concerned with all aspects of the diverse areas of geodetically relevant theory and its applications. Its goal is to provide a framework consisting of theories and computational methods to ensure that cm-accurate geoid is achievable.

===Objectives===

Theoretical research related to precise geoid computations; studies of geodetic boundary values problems (free and fixed boundary value problems); development and refinement of gravity/topographic reduction theories; exploration and implementation of numerical methods of partial differential equations for Earth's gravity field determination (e.g., domain decomposition, spectral combination and others).

In more details, this includes:

* Studies of the effect of topographic density variations on the Earth's gravity field, especially the geoid.
* Rigorous yet efficient calculation of the topographic effects, refinement of the topographic and gravity reductions.
* Studies on harmonic downward continuations.
* Non-linear effects of the geodetic boundary value problems on the geoid determinations.
* Optimal combination of global gravity models with local gravity data.
* Exploration of numerical methods in solving the geodetic boundary value problems (domain decomposition, finite elements, and others)
* Studies on data requirements, data quality, distribution and sample rate, for a cm- accurate geoid.
* Studies on the time variations of the geoid caused by geodynamics.
* Studies on the interdisciplinary approach for marine geoid determination, e.g., research on realization of a global geoid consistent with the global mean sea surface observed by satellites.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of meetings and conferences.
* Organizing WG meetings or sessions, in coincidence with a larger event, if the presence of working group members appears sufficiently large.
* Email discussion and electronic exchange.
* Launching a web page for dissemination of information, expressing aims, objectives, and discussions.
* Monitoring and reporting activities of working group members and interested external individuals.

===Membership===

'' '''Y.M. Wang, (USA, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; W. Featherstone, Australia&lt;br /&gt; N. Kühtreiber, Austria&lt;br /&gt; H. Moritz, Austria&lt;br /&gt; M.G. Sideris, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Véronneau, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J. Huang, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Santos, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J.C. Li, China&lt;br /&gt; D.B. Cao, China&lt;br /&gt; W.B. Shen, China&lt;br /&gt; F. Mao, China&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; R. Forsberg, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; O. Anderson, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal, Egypt&lt;br /&gt; H. Denker, Germany&lt;br /&gt; B. Heck, Germany&lt;br /&gt; W. Freeden, Germany&lt;br /&gt; J. H. Kwon, Korea&lt;br /&gt; L. Sjöberg, Sweden&lt;br /&gt; D. Roman, USA&lt;br /&gt; J. Saleh, USA&lt;br /&gt; D. Smith USA&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="3778" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, IERS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

The realization of a reference system by means of a reference frame, in the form of coordinate time series or coordinate functions for a global set of control stations is a complicated procedure. It involves input data from various space techniques each one based on its own advanced modelling and observation analysis techniques, as well as, criteria for the optimal selection of the time evolution of the reference frame among all data compatible possibilities. The relevant “observed” coordinate time series demonstrate significant signals of periodic, non- periodic variations and discontinuities, which pose the challenge of departing from the current ITRF model of linear time evolution, realized by reference epoch coordinates and constant velocities. The final product needs proper quality measures, which take also into account the possible modelling discrepancies, systematic errors and noise level of each particular space technique. The connection with a celestial frame by means of earth orientation parameters (EOPs) and current geophysical plate motion hypotheses necessitate the study of the compatibility of the geodetically established reference system with reference systems introduced in theoretical studies of the earth rotation and in theoretical geophysics. The working group is primarily aiming in problem identification, outlining of possible solution directions and motivation of relevant scientific research. 

===Objectives===

* Study of models for time-continuous definitions of reference systems for discrete networks with a non-permanent set of points and their realization through discrete time series of station coordinate functions and related earth rotation parameters.
* Understanding the relation between such systems and reference systems implicitly introduced in theories of earth rotation and deformation.
* Extension of ITRF establishment procedures beyond the current linear (constant velocity) model, treatment of periodic and discontinuous station position variations, understanding of their geophysical origins and related models.
* Understanding the models used for data treatment within each particular technique, identification of possible biases and systematic effects and study of their influence on the combined ITRF solution. Study and improvement of current procedures for the merging of data from various space techniques. 
* Statistical aspects of reference frames, introduction and assessment of appropriate quality measures.
* Problems of mathematical compatibility within current celestial-to-terrestrial datum transformations and proposal of new conventions which are data-based and theoretically compatible.


===Program of activities===
* Launching of a web-page for dissemination of information, presentation, communication, outreach purposes, and providing a bibliography.
* Working meetings at international symposia and presentation of research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organization of workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and motivation of relevant scientific research.
* A special issue of the Journal of Geodesy on reference frames with papers from working group workshops and invited review papers.


===Membership===

'' '''Athanasios Dermanis, (Greece, Chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Zuheir Altamimi (France) &lt;br /&gt; Hermann Drewes (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Fernando Sansò (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Claude Boucher (France)&lt;br /&gt; Gerard Petit (France)&lt;br /&gt; Xavier Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt; Axel Nothnagel (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Erricos Pavlis (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Jim Ray (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Frank Lemoine (USA)&lt;br /&gt;  Geoff Blewitt (USA)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>IC SG2</title>
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    <text bytes="3290" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 4, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Modern geodetic observations are usually embedded in an integrated approach based on multi-sensor systems and networks. The fields of application are as manifold as the sensors in use. For example, total stations, GPS receivers and terrestrial laser scanners are applied in engineering geodesy for structural monitoring purposes together with permanently installed equipment. Geometric and physical space-geodetic sensors may serve as a second example since they are used for the determination of global reference frames.

It is good geodetic tradition to assess the quality of the obtained results for further use and interpretation. However, each field of application provides its own quality standards which are to some extent incomplete regarding the immanent processes. At present, there is no general methodology available for the theoretically founded quality assessment of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks and of the induced processes.

The main focus of the SG is on the methodological foundation of quality in the context of close-range applications in engineering geodesy. Typical properties of the systems and networks considered here are on the one hand their readiness for real-time application and their adaptivity to observed system and process variations. On the other hand the systems and networks as well as their input are uncertain which limits analysis, interpretation and control. The IC SG2's work will cover at least three main fields in this context:

* Identification and mathematical definition of the relevant process-related uncertainty and quality properties and models, propagation and inference,
* revision, quality-related extension, and comparison of different approaches for the state space prediction and filtering (e.g., Kalman and shape filters, Bayesian filters, particle filters, fuzzy filters),
* validation studies using applications of broader geodetic interest such as geodetic monitoring, mobile mapping, machine control.

Comparable work outside geodesy both in the engineering and mathematical communities and in international standardization will be taken into account.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of the IC SG2 are

* to derive and promote a terminology and methodology for the quality assessment of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks,
* to provide a unique platform for quality-related issues in geodesy and neighbouring fields,
* to initiate extended studies on related probabilistic and non-probabilistic methods for interpretation and decision,
* to monitor parallel developments in other communities.

To achieve these objectives, the IC SG 2 interacts and collaborates with the ICCT and its entities as well as the IAG Commissions 4 and 1.

The SG's work will be distributed to IAG sister organizations through respective members.

===Program of Activities===

The IC SG2s program of activities will include

* organization of SG meetings and of a scientific workshop on quality issues
* participation in respective symposia,
* maintaining a website for quality-related information,
* supporting contributions to the ICCT activities.</text>
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    <text bytes="3282" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 4, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Modern geodetic observations are usually embedded in an integrated approach based on multi-sensor systems and networks. The fields of application are as manifold as the sensors in use. For example, total stations, GPS receivers and terrestrial laser scanners are applied in engineering geodesy for structural monitoring purposes together with permanently installed equipment. Geometric and physical space-geodetic sensors may serve as a second example since they are used for the determination of global reference frames.

It is good geodetic tradition to assess the quality of the obtained results for further use and interpretation. However, each field of application provides its own quality standards which are to some extent incomplete regarding the immanent processes. At present, there is no general methodology available for the theoretically founded quality assessment of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks and of the induced processes.

The main focus of the SG is on the methodological foundation of quality in the context of close-range applications in engineering geodesy. Typical properties of the systems and networks considered here are on the one hand their readiness for real-time application and their adaptivity to observed system and process variations. On the other hand the systems and networks as well as their input are uncertain which limits analysis, interpretation and control. The IC SG2's work will cover at least three main fields in this context:

* Identification and mathematical definition of the relevant process-related uncertainty and quality properties and models, propagation and inference,
* revision, quality-related extension, and comparison of different approaches for the state space prediction and filtering (e.g., Kalman and shape filters, Bayesian filters, particle filters, fuzzy filters),
* validation studies using applications of broader geodetic interest such as geodetic monitoring, mobile mapping, machine control.

Comparable work outside geodesy both in the engineering and mathematical communities and in international standardization will be taken into account.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of the IC SG2 are

* to derive and promote a terminology and methodology for the quality assessment of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks,
* to provide a unique platform for quality-related issues in geodesy and neighbouring fields,
* to initiate extended studies on related probabilistic and non-probabilistic methods for interpretation and decision,
* to monitor parallel developments in other communities.

To achieve these objectives, the IC SG 2 interacts and collaborates with the ICCT and its entities as well as the IAG Commissions 4 and 1.

The SG's work will be distributed to IAG sister organizations through respective members.

===Program of Activities===

The IC SG2s program of activities will include

* organization of SG meetings and of a scientific workshop on quality issues
* participation in respective symposia,
* maintaining a website for quality-related information,
* supporting contributions to the ICCT activities.</text>
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    <comment>New page: &lt;big&gt;'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization'''&lt;/big&gt; Chair:''C. Kotsakis (Greece)'' Affiliation:''Comm. 2''  __TOC__ ===Introduction===  At the Sapporo IUGG General Assembly (Ju...</comment>
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Chair:''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''
Affiliation:''Comm. 2''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

At the Sapporo IUGG General Assembly (June 30 - July 11, 2003), the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) has approved the establishment of an 'inter-commission' working group (WG) on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization, with the aim of supporting and promoting theoretical and applied research work in various areas of modern geodetic data analysis and inversion. This WG has successfully operated during the last four years under the umbrella of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) and the chairmanship of Dr. Juergen Kusche. During the IAG-EC meeting at the Perugia IUGG General Assembly (July 2 - 13, 2007) the new structure of the ICCT and its associated WGs was discussed, and a decision was made that the ICCT/WG on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization will continue its operation for another 4-year period. The purpose of this document is to give an (updated) description of the WG's potential study areas and research objectives, and its associated terms of reference for the upcoming research period 2007 - 2011.

===Terms of Reference===

It is well recognized that many, if not most, geodetic problems are in fact inverse problems: we know to a certain level of approximation the mathematical and physical models that project an Earth-related parameter space and/or signal onto some data space of finite discrete vectors; given discrete noisy data we then want to recover the governing parameter set or the continuous field (signal) of the underlying model that describes certain geometrical and/or physical characteristics of the Earth. The sitŹuation is further complicated by the fact that these problems are often ill-posed in the sense that only generalized solutions can be retrieved (due to the existence of non-trivial nullspaces) and/or that the solutions do not depend continuously on the given data thus giving rise to dangerous unstable solution algorithms. In order to deal successfully with geodetic data inversion and parameter/signal estimation problems, it is natural that we have to keep track with ongoing developments in inverse problem theory, global optimization theory, multi-parameter regularization techniques, stochastic modeling, Bayesian inversion methods, statistical estimation theory, data assimilation, and other related fields of applied mathematics. In modern geodesy we also have to develop special inversion techniques that can be used for large-scale problems, involving high degree and order gravity field models from space gravity missions and high-resolution discretizations of the density field or the dynamic ocean topography.

Earth's gravity field modeling from space gravity missions has been (and will surely continue to be in the future) a key study area where existing and newly developed tools from Inverse Problem Theory need to be implemented (including the study of regularization methods and smoothing techniques and the quality assessment of Earth Gravity Models, EGMs). With the cutting-edge applications of the latest and upcoming gravity missions (recovery of monthly surface mass variations from GRACE, constraining viscosity/ lithospheric/postglacial rebound models from GRACE time-variable gravity and from GOCE static geoid pattern analysis), it can be expected that Inverse Problem Theory will increase its importance for the space gravity community.

Furthermore, there still exist other, more classical geodetic problems that have been identified as inverse and ill-posed and have traditionally attracted the interest of many researchers: the inverse gravitational problem where we are interested in modeling the earth's interior density from gravity observations, various types of downward continuation problems in airborne/satellite gravimetry and geoid determination, certain problems in the context of satellite altimetry and marine gravity modeling, the problem of separating geoid and dynamic ocean topography, the problem of inferring excitations/earth structure parameters from observed polar motion, the determination of stress/strain tensors from observational surface monitoring data, or certain datum definition problems in the realization of global geodetic reference systems. Another, relatively recent, geodetic problem of ill-posed type is the orbit differentiation problem: non-conventional gravity recovery methods like the energy conservation approach and the acceleration approach require GPS-derived kinematic satellite orbits to be differentiated in time, while counteracting noise amplification at the same time. The above nonexhaustive list of inverse problems provides a rich collection of study topics with attractive theoretical/practical aspects, which (in conjunction with the increasing data accuracy, coverage and resolution level) contain several open issues that remain to be resolved.

===Objectives===

The aim of the WG is to bring together people working on inverse problem theory and its applications in geodetic problems. Besides a thorough theoretical understanding of inverse problems in geodesy, the WG's central research issue is the extraction of maximum information from noisy data by properly developŹing mathematical/statistical methods in a well defined sense of optimality, and applying them to specific geodetic problems. In particular, the following key objectives are identified:

* Identification and theoretical understanding of inverse and/or ill-posed problems in modern geodesy
* Development and comparison of mathematical and statistical methods for the proper treatment of geodetic inverse problems
* Recommendations and communication of new inversion strategies

More specific research will focus, for example, on global optimization methods and theory, on the mathematical structure of nullspaces, on the treatment of prior information, on nonlinear inversion in geodetic problems and on the use of techniques for treating inverse problems locally. It is also necessary to investigate the quality assessment and numerical implementation of existing regularization methods in practical geodetic problems (e.g. dealing with coloured noise and/or heterogeneous data, using partially over- and underdetermined models, dealing with different causes of ill-posedness like data gaps and downward continuation, coping with data sets that have entirely unknown noise characteristics, etc.).

===Program of Activities===

The WG's activities will include the launching of a webpage for dissemination of information, for presentation, communication and monitoring of research results and related activities, and for providing an updated bibliographic list of references for relevant papers and reports in the general area of geodetic inverse problems. This would also provide WG's members (and other interested individuals) with a common platform to communicate individual views and results, and stimulate discussions. Although the discussion will be in general based on email, it is planned to have splinter meetings during international conferences and, if possible, a workshop or a special conference session.

===Membership===

The following is a proposed (tentative) membership list for the IAG/ICCT WG on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization. The final list will be confirmed within 2007.

'' '''C. Kotsakis (Greece, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; J. Kusche (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; S. Baselga Moreno (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; J. Bouman (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; P. Ditmar (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; B. Gundlich (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Holota (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kern (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; T. Mayer-Guerr (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; V. Michel (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Novak (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; S. Pereverzev (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; B. Schaffrin (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Shen (China)&lt;br /&gt; N. Sneeuw (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; S. Tikhotsky (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; C. Xu (Russia)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair:''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

At the Sapporo IUGG General Assembly (June 30 - July 11, 2003), the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) has approved the establishment of an 'inter-commission' working group (WG) on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization, with the aim of supporting and promoting theoretical and applied research work in various areas of modern geodetic data analysis and inversion. This WG has successfully operated during the last four years under the umbrella of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) and the chairmanship of Dr. Juergen Kusche. During the IAG-EC meeting at the Perugia IUGG General Assembly (July 2 - 13, 2007) the new structure of the ICCT and its associated WGs was discussed, and a decision was made that the ICCT/WG on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization will continue its operation for another 4-year period. The purpose of this document is to give an (updated) description of the WG's potential study areas and research objectives, and its associated terms of reference for the upcoming research period 2007 - 2011.

===Terms of Reference===

It is well recognized that many, if not most, geodetic problems are in fact inverse problems: we know to a certain level of approximation the mathematical and physical models that project an Earth-related parameter space and/or signal onto some data space of finite discrete vectors; given discrete noisy data we then want to recover the governing parameter set or the continuous field (signal) of the underlying model that describes certain geometrical and/or physical characteristics of the Earth. The sitŹuation is further complicated by the fact that these problems are often ill-posed in the sense that only generalized solutions can be retrieved (due to the existence of non-trivial nullspaces) and/or that the solutions do not depend continuously on the given data thus giving rise to dangerous unstable solution algorithms. In order to deal successfully with geodetic data inversion and parameter/signal estimation problems, it is natural that we have to keep track with ongoing developments in inverse problem theory, global optimization theory, multi-parameter regularization techniques, stochastic modeling, Bayesian inversion methods, statistical estimation theory, data assimilation, and other related fields of applied mathematics. In modern geodesy we also have to develop special inversion techniques that can be used for large-scale problems, involving high degree and order gravity field models from space gravity missions and high-resolution discretizations of the density field or the dynamic ocean topography.

Earth's gravity field modeling from space gravity missions has been (and will surely continue to be in the future) a key study area where existing and newly developed tools from Inverse Problem Theory need to be implemented (including the study of regularization methods and smoothing techniques and the quality assessment of Earth Gravity Models, EGMs). With the cutting-edge applications of the latest and upcoming gravity missions (recovery of monthly surface mass variations from GRACE, constraining viscosity/ lithospheric/postglacial rebound models from GRACE time-variable gravity and from GOCE static geoid pattern analysis), it can be expected that Inverse Problem Theory will increase its importance for the space gravity community.

Furthermore, there still exist other, more classical geodetic problems that have been identified as inverse and ill-posed and have traditionally attracted the interest of many researchers: the inverse gravitational problem where we are interested in modeling the earth's interior density from gravity observations, various types of downward continuation problems in airborne/satellite gravimetry and geoid determination, certain problems in the context of satellite altimetry and marine gravity modeling, the problem of separating geoid and dynamic ocean topography, the problem of inferring excitations/earth structure parameters from observed polar motion, the determination of stress/strain tensors from observational surface monitoring data, or certain datum definition problems in the realization of global geodetic reference systems. Another, relatively recent, geodetic problem of ill-posed type is the orbit differentiation problem: non-conventional gravity recovery methods like the energy conservation approach and the acceleration approach require GPS-derived kinematic satellite orbits to be differentiated in time, while counteracting noise amplification at the same time. The above nonexhaustive list of inverse problems provides a rich collection of study topics with attractive theoretical/practical aspects, which (in conjunction with the increasing data accuracy, coverage and resolution level) contain several open issues that remain to be resolved.

===Objectives===

The aim of the WG is to bring together people working on inverse problem theory and its applications in geodetic problems. Besides a thorough theoretical understanding of inverse problems in geodesy, the WG's central research issue is the extraction of maximum information from noisy data by properly developŹing mathematical/statistical methods in a well defined sense of optimality, and applying them to specific geodetic problems. In particular, the following key objectives are identified:

* Identification and theoretical understanding of inverse and/or ill-posed problems in modern geodesy
* Development and comparison of mathematical and statistical methods for the proper treatment of geodetic inverse problems
* Recommendations and communication of new inversion strategies

More specific research will focus, for example, on global optimization methods and theory, on the mathematical structure of nullspaces, on the treatment of prior information, on nonlinear inversion in geodetic problems and on the use of techniques for treating inverse problems locally. It is also necessary to investigate the quality assessment and numerical implementation of existing regularization methods in practical geodetic problems (e.g. dealing with coloured noise and/or heterogeneous data, using partially over- and underdetermined models, dealing with different causes of ill-posedness like data gaps and downward continuation, coping with data sets that have entirely unknown noise characteristics, etc.).

===Program of Activities===

The WG's activities will include the launching of a webpage for dissemination of information, for presentation, communication and monitoring of research results and related activities, and for providing an updated bibliographic list of references for relevant papers and reports in the general area of geodetic inverse problems. This would also provide WG's members (and other interested individuals) with a common platform to communicate individual views and results, and stimulate discussions. Although the discussion will be in general based on email, it is planned to have splinter meetings during international conferences and, if possible, a workshop or a special conference session.

===Membership===

The following is a proposed (tentative) membership list for the IAG/ICCT WG on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization. The final list will be confirmed within 2007.

'' '''C. Kotsakis (Greece, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; J. Kusche (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; S. Baselga Moreno (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; J. Bouman (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; P. Ditmar (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; B. Gundlich (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Holota (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kern (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; T. Mayer-Guerr (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; V. Michel (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Novak (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; S. Pereverzev (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; B. Schaffrin (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Shen (China)&lt;br /&gt; N. Sneeuw (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; S. Tikhotsky (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; C. Xu (Russia)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair:''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

At the Sapporo IUGG General Assembly (June 30 - July 11, 2003), the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) has approved the establishment of an 'inter-commission' working group (WG) on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization, with the aim of supporting and promoting theoretical and applied research work in various areas of modern geodetic data analysis and inversion. This WG has successfully operated during the last four years under the umbrella of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) and the chairmanship of Dr. Juergen Kusche. During the IAG-EC meeting at the Perugia IUGG General Assembly (July 2 - 13, 2007) the new structure of the ICCT and its associated WGs was discussed, and a decision was made that the ICCT/WG on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization will continue its operation for another 4-year period. The purpose of this document is to give an (updated) description of the WG's potential study areas and research objectives, and its associated terms of reference for the upcoming research period 2007 - 2011.

===Terms of Reference===

It is well recognized that many, if not most, geodetic problems are in fact inverse problems: we know to a certain level of approximation the mathematical and physical models that project an Earth-related parameter space and/or signal onto some data space of finite discrete vectors; given discrete noisy data we then want to recover the governing parameter set or the continuous field (signal) of the underlying model that describes certain geometrical and/or physical characteristics of the Earth. The sitŹuation is further complicated by the fact that these problems are often ill-posed in the sense that only generalized solutions can be retrieved (due to the existence of non-trivial nullspaces) and/or that the solutions do not depend continuously on the given data thus giving rise to dangerous unstable solution algorithms. In order to deal successfully with geodetic data inversion and parameter/signal estimation problems, it is natural that we have to keep track with ongoing developments in inverse problem theory, global optimization theory, multi-parameter regularization techniques, stochastic modeling, Bayesian inversion methods, statistical estimation theory, data assimilation, and other related fields of applied mathematics. In modern geodesy we also have to develop special inversion techniques that can be used for large-scale problems, involving high degree and order gravity field models from space gravity missions and high-resolution discretizations of the density field or the dynamic ocean topography.

Earth's gravity field modeling from space gravity missions has been (and will surely continue to be in the future) a key study area where existing and newly developed tools from Inverse Problem Theory need to be implemented (including the study of regularization methods and smoothing techniques and the quality assessment of Earth Gravity Models, EGMs). With the cutting-edge applications of the latest and upcoming gravity missions (recovery of monthly surface mass variations from GRACE, constraining viscosity/ lithospheric/postglacial rebound models from GRACE time-variable gravity and from GOCE static geoid pattern analysis), it can be expected that Inverse Problem Theory will increase its importance for the space gravity community.

Furthermore, there still exist other, more classical geodetic problems that have been identified as inverse and ill-posed and have traditionally attracted the interest of many researchers: the inverse gravitational problem where we are interested in modeling the earth's interior density from gravity observations, various types of downward continuation problems in airborne/satellite gravimetry and geoid determination, certain problems in the context of satellite altimetry and marine gravity modeling, the problem of separating geoid and dynamic ocean topography, the problem of inferring excitations/earth structure parameters from observed polar motion, the determination of stress/strain tensors from observational surface monitoring data, or certain datum definition problems in the realization of global geodetic reference systems. Another, relatively recent, geodetic problem of ill-posed type is the orbit differentiation problem: non-conventional gravity recovery methods like the energy conservation approach and the acceleration approach require GPS-derived kinematic satellite orbits to be differentiated in time, while counteracting noise amplification at the same time. The above nonexhaustive list of inverse problems provides a rich collection of study topics with attractive theoretical/practical aspects, which (in conjunction with the increasing data accuracy, coverage and resolution level) contain several open issues that remain to be resolved.

===Objectives===

The aim of the WG is to bring together people working on inverse problem theory and its applications in geodetic problems. Besides a thorough theoretical understanding of inverse problems in geodesy, the WG's central research issue is the extraction of maximum information from noisy data by properly developŹing mathematical/statistical methods in a well defined sense of optimality, and applying them to specific geodetic problems. In particular, the following key objectives are identified:

* Identification and theoretical understanding of inverse and/or ill-posed problems in modern geodesy
* Development and comparison of mathematical and statistical methods for the proper treatment of geodetic inverse problems
* Recommendations and communication of new inversion strategies

More specific research will focus, for example, on global optimization methods and theory, on the mathematical structure of nullspaces, on the treatment of prior information, on nonlinear inversion in geodetic problems and on the use of techniques for treating inverse problems locally. It is also necessary to investigate the quality assessment and numerical implementation of existing regularization methods in practical geodetic problems (e.g. dealing with coloured noise and/or heterogeneous data, using partially over- and underdetermined models, dealing with different causes of ill-posedness like data gaps and downward continuation, coping with data sets that have entirely unknown noise characteristics, etc.).

===Program of Activities===

The WG's activities will include the launching of a webpage for dissemination of information, for presentation, communication and monitoring of research results and related activities, and for providing an updated bibliographic list of references for relevant papers and reports in the general area of geodetic inverse problems. This would also provide WG's members (and other interested individuals) with a common platform to communicate individual views and results, and stimulate discussions. Although the discussion will be in general based on email, it is planned to have splinter meetings during international conferences and, if possible, a workshop or a special conference session.

===Membership===

The following is a proposed (tentative) membership list for the IAG/ICCT WG on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization. The final list will be confirmed within 2007.

'' '''C. Kotsakis (Greece, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; J. Kusche (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; S. Baselga Moreno (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; J. Bouman (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; P. Ditmar (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; B. Gundlich (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Holota (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kern (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; T. Mayer-Guerr (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; V. Michel (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Novak (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; S. Pereverzev (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; B. Schaffrin (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Shen (China)&lt;br /&gt; N. Sneeuw (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; S. Tikhotsky (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; C. Xu (Russia)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>1cc753a098387e1b9cb81b566bcc07dcf6599a11</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>199</id>
    <timestamp>2008-04-25T05:52:53Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Membership */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7931" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Inverse theory and global optimization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

At the Sapporo IUGG General Assembly (June 30 - July 11, 2003), the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) has approved the establishment of an 'inter-commission' working group (WG) on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization, with the aim of supporting and promoting theoretical and applied research work in various areas of modern geodetic data analysis and inversion. This WG has successfully operated during the last four years under the umbrella of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) and the chairmanship of Dr. Juergen Kusche. During the IAG-EC meeting at the Perugia IUGG General Assembly (July 2 - 13, 2007) the new structure of the ICCT and its associated WGs was discussed, and a decision was made that the ICCT/WG on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization will continue its operation for another 4-year period. The purpose of this document is to give an (updated) description of the WG's potential study areas and research objectives, and its associated terms of reference for the upcoming research period 2007 - 2011.

===Terms of Reference===

It is well recognized that many, if not most, geodetic problems are in fact inverse problems: we know to a certain level of approximation the mathematical and physical models that project an Earth-related parameter space and/or signal onto some data space of finite discrete vectors; given discrete noisy data we then want to recover the governing parameter set or the continuous field (signal) of the underlying model that describes certain geometrical and/or physical characteristics of the Earth. The sitŹuation is further complicated by the fact that these problems are often ill-posed in the sense that only generalized solutions can be retrieved (due to the existence of non-trivial nullspaces) and/or that the solutions do not depend continuously on the given data thus giving rise to dangerous unstable solution algorithms. In order to deal successfully with geodetic data inversion and parameter/signal estimation problems, it is natural that we have to keep track with ongoing developments in inverse problem theory, global optimization theory, multi-parameter regularization techniques, stochastic modeling, Bayesian inversion methods, statistical estimation theory, data assimilation, and other related fields of applied mathematics. In modern geodesy we also have to develop special inversion techniques that can be used for large-scale problems, involving high degree and order gravity field models from space gravity missions and high-resolution discretizations of the density field or the dynamic ocean topography.

Earth's gravity field modeling from space gravity missions has been (and will surely continue to be in the future) a key study area where existing and newly developed tools from Inverse Problem Theory need to be implemented (including the study of regularization methods and smoothing techniques and the quality assessment of Earth Gravity Models, EGMs). With the cutting-edge applications of the latest and upcoming gravity missions (recovery of monthly surface mass variations from GRACE, constraining viscosity/ lithospheric/postglacial rebound models from GRACE time-variable gravity and from GOCE static geoid pattern analysis), it can be expected that Inverse Problem Theory will increase its importance for the space gravity community.

Furthermore, there still exist other, more classical geodetic problems that have been identified as inverse and ill-posed and have traditionally attracted the interest of many researchers: the inverse gravitational problem where we are interested in modeling the earth's interior density from gravity observations, various types of downward continuation problems in airborne/satellite gravimetry and geoid determination, certain problems in the context of satellite altimetry and marine gravity modeling, the problem of separating geoid and dynamic ocean topography, the problem of inferring excitations/earth structure parameters from observed polar motion, the determination of stress/strain tensors from observational surface monitoring data, or certain datum definition problems in the realization of global geodetic reference systems. Another, relatively recent, geodetic problem of ill-posed type is the orbit differentiation problem: non-conventional gravity recovery methods like the energy conservation approach and the acceleration approach require GPS-derived kinematic satellite orbits to be differentiated in time, while counteracting noise amplification at the same time. The above nonexhaustive list of inverse problems provides a rich collection of study topics with attractive theoretical/practical aspects, which (in conjunction with the increasing data accuracy, coverage and resolution level) contain several open issues that remain to be resolved.

===Objectives===

The aim of the WG is to bring together people working on inverse problem theory and its applications in geodetic problems. Besides a thorough theoretical understanding of inverse problems in geodesy, the WG's central research issue is the extraction of maximum information from noisy data by properly developŹing mathematical/statistical methods in a well defined sense of optimality, and applying them to specific geodetic problems. In particular, the following key objectives are identified:

* Identification and theoretical understanding of inverse and/or ill-posed problems in modern geodesy
* Development and comparison of mathematical and statistical methods for the proper treatment of geodetic inverse problems
* Recommendations and communication of new inversion strategies

More specific research will focus, for example, on global optimization methods and theory, on the mathematical structure of nullspaces, on the treatment of prior information, on nonlinear inversion in geodetic problems and on the use of techniques for treating inverse problems locally. It is also necessary to investigate the quality assessment and numerical implementation of existing regularization methods in practical geodetic problems (e.g. dealing with coloured noise and/or heterogeneous data, using partially over- and underdetermined models, dealing with different causes of ill-posedness like data gaps and downward continuation, coping with data sets that have entirely unknown noise characteristics, etc.).

===Program of Activities===

The WG's activities will include the launching of a webpage for dissemination of information, for presentation, communication and monitoring of research results and related activities, and for providing an updated bibliographic list of references for relevant papers and reports in the general area of geodetic inverse problems. This would also provide WG's members (and other interested individuals) with a common platform to communicate individual views and results, and stimulate discussions. Although the discussion will be in general based on email, it is planned to have splinter meetings during international conferences and, if possible, a workshop or a special conference session.

===Membership===

The following is a proposed (tentative) membership list for the IAG/ICCT WG on Inverse Problems and Global Optimization. The final list will be confirmed within 2007.

'' '''C. Kotsakis (Greece, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; J. Kusche (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; S. Baselga Moreno (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; J. Bouman (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; P. Ditmar (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; B. Gundlich (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Holota (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kern (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; T. Mayer-Guerr (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; V. Michel (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Novák (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; S. Pereverzev (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; B. Schaffrin (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Shen (China)&lt;br /&gt; N. Sneeuw (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; S. Tikhotsky (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; C. Xu (Russia)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  </revision>
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<page arvcontinue="2008-04-22 11:47:02+00|182">
  <title>IC SG5</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>12</id>
  <revision>
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    <timestamp>2008-04-22T11:52:00Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>New page: &lt;big&gt;'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''  __TOC__ ===Objectives===  * Gravity field estimation ** Perturbation te...</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3000" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

* Gravity field estimation
** Perturbation techniques versus in-situ measurements and new aproaches like short-arc integration, energy balance and so on.
** Computational problems related to the huge quantities of data. Algorithms to divide the computational tasks to run on massive parallel systems.
* Noise and error treatment
** Estimating the variance-covariance matrices of the observations, filtering techniques.
** Integrated analysis of different sensors featuring individual noise characteristics (like Accelerometer and K-band sensor in case of GRACE), calibration of instruments (internal and external).
** A-posteriori variance-covariance matrices, error propagation, validation.
** Space-time resolution, de-aliasing. Which signals can be estimated and which must be modeled?
* Gravity field modeling
** Choice of basis functions in time and space (with respect to applications in hydrology, oceanography).
** Global and regional modeling, modeling in terms of gravity sources (mass variations).
** Reference systems and datum problems (origin, orientation, static and temporal datum systems for gravity field changes).
* Aspects of data combination
** Combination of the satellite gravity missions (CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE) with terrestrial and aerial gravity information.
** Combination at the data level versus combination of results.
** A-priori information from non-gravity data such as changes in the geometry of the Earth and its rotation.
** Unified approaches: Joint analysis of gravity field observations, Earth rotation, and geometry changes.
* Future satellite missions
** Theory of new observation types and intruments.
** Formation flights. Investigation into stability of satellite formations and their sensitivity to aliasing errors.
** Follow-on gravity field missions.
** Orbit determination: theory, perturbation techniques, stability problems.
** Challenges caused by the inceasing accuracy of the observations: integration techniques, numerical problems due to limited digits in computation.

===Program of activities===

* Email:&lt;br /&gt; Internal email discussions
* Meeting:&lt;br /&gt; Organization of working group meeting at larger meetings.
* Website:&lt;br /&gt; Launch of a website for communications, informations and links to data sources
* Simulation data:&lt;br /&gt; Assemble of a simulated data set with orbits, background models and artificial noise. This data set serves to test new algorithms and make different aproaches comparable.

===Membership===

'' '''Torsten Mayer-Guerr (Germany)'''&lt;br /&gt; Oliver Baur (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Bosch (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Pavel Ditmar (Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; Thomas Gruber (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Michael Kern (Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; Juergen Kusche (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Roland Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Roland Pail (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; Insa Wolf (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>5739f0f1047245e11f43062869a56b06cb4141da</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>214</id>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T11:52:22Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2992" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Satellite gravity theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

* Gravity field estimation
** Perturbation techniques versus in-situ measurements and new aproaches like short-arc integration, energy balance and so on.
** Computational problems related to the huge quantities of data. Algorithms to divide the computational tasks to run on massive parallel systems.
* Noise and error treatment
** Estimating the variance-covariance matrices of the observations, filtering techniques.
** Integrated analysis of different sensors featuring individual noise characteristics (like Accelerometer and K-band sensor in case of GRACE), calibration of instruments (internal and external).
** A-posteriori variance-covariance matrices, error propagation, validation.
** Space-time resolution, de-aliasing. Which signals can be estimated and which must be modeled?
* Gravity field modeling
** Choice of basis functions in time and space (with respect to applications in hydrology, oceanography).
** Global and regional modeling, modeling in terms of gravity sources (mass variations).
** Reference systems and datum problems (origin, orientation, static and temporal datum systems for gravity field changes).
* Aspects of data combination
** Combination of the satellite gravity missions (CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE) with terrestrial and aerial gravity information.
** Combination at the data level versus combination of results.
** A-priori information from non-gravity data such as changes in the geometry of the Earth and its rotation.
** Unified approaches: Joint analysis of gravity field observations, Earth rotation, and geometry changes.
* Future satellite missions
** Theory of new observation types and intruments.
** Formation flights. Investigation into stability of satellite formations and their sensitivity to aliasing errors.
** Follow-on gravity field missions.
** Orbit determination: theory, perturbation techniques, stability problems.
** Challenges caused by the inceasing accuracy of the observations: integration techniques, numerical problems due to limited digits in computation.

===Program of activities===

* Email:&lt;br /&gt; Internal email discussions
* Meeting:&lt;br /&gt; Organization of working group meeting at larger meetings.
* Website:&lt;br /&gt; Launch of a website for communications, informations and links to data sources
* Simulation data:&lt;br /&gt; Assemble of a simulated data set with orbits, background models and artificial noise. This data set serves to test new algorithms and make different aproaches comparable.

===Membership===

'' '''Torsten Mayer-Guerr (Germany)'''&lt;br /&gt; Oliver Baur (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Bosch (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Pavel Ditmar (Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; Thomas Gruber (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Michael Kern (Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt; Juergen Kusche (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Roland Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Roland Pail (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; Insa Wolf (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>17ea7d9f1bd5e5a8ed5e51e5aa9b39c6936a2d16</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2008-04-22 11:47:02+00|182">
  <title>IC SG6</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>13</id>
  <revision>
    <id>228</id>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T11:53:15Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>New page: &lt;big&gt;'''InSAR for tectonophysics'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)'' Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''  __TOC__ ===Introduction===  Against a backdrop of a series of SAR satellite missions, E...</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2218" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''InSAR for tectonophysics'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Against a backdrop of a series of SAR satellite missions, ERS1/2, JERS, Envisat/ASAR, ALOS/PALSAR, Radarsat- 1/2, TerraSAR/X, planned future missions (e.g. Centinel-1 and Desdyni), the overall objective of this working group is to be a focus of activities in the following research areas, related to geodetic measurement and analysis of SAR/InSAR data and their application to tectonophysical problems.

===Objectives===

* SAR/InSAR data analysis for tectonophysics: Development of new analysis techniques: e.g., ScanSAR interferometry, PS-InSAR, SBAS approach, Polarimetric InSAR etc..
* Retrieval and separation of atmospheric and crustal deformation signal: Improvement of conventional approaches (stacking or calibration), and development of a brand-new approach
* Modeling and interpretation of SAR/InSAR data: Development, application and assessment of geophysical modeling of InSAR data: e.g., efforts to go beyond oversimplified static solutions.
* Combination of InSAR data with other measurement sources: Development of novel and useful combination of InSAR data with other measurement techniques, such as GPS, gravity, seismogram etc.

===Activities===

* Email:&lt;br /&gt; Internal email discussions
* Meeting:&lt;br /&gt; Organization of working group meeting and organization of sessions at larger meetings. Potential candidate venues are the Joint AGU/CGU meeting, IAG workshops, FRINGE workshop, etc.
* Website:&lt;br /&gt; Launch of a website for communications, information dissemination and links to data sources
* Monitoring:&lt;br /&gt; Monitoring and presentation of activities - either by WG members or external - that are going on in these areas.

===Membership===

'' '''Masato Furuya, (Japan, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Falk Amelung (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Roland Bürgmann (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Andrea Donnellan (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Yuri Fialko (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Yo Fukushima (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Sigrujon Jónsson (Switzerland)&lt;br /&gt; Zhenhong Li (UK)&lt;br /&gt; Zhong Lu (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Taku Ozawa (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Matthew Pritchard (USA)&lt;br /&gt; David Sandwell (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Masanobu Shimada (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Mark Simons (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Tim Wright (UK)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>91affa3e81e96bf7be1bf7c6fd85e39e180bbd2e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>224</id>
    <timestamp>2008-06-10T10:01:04Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2224" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''InSAR for tectonophysics'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Against a backdrop of a series of SAR satellite missions, ERS1/2, JERS, Envisat/ASAR, ALOS/PALSAR, Radarsat- 1/2, TerraSAR/X, planned future missions (e.g. Centinel-1 and Desdyni), the overall objective of this working group is to be a focus of activities in the following research areas, related to geodetic measurement and analysis of SAR/InSAR data and their application to tectonophysical problems.

===Objectives===

* SAR/InSAR data analysis for tectonophysics: Development of new analysis techniques: e.g., ScanSAR interferometry, PS-InSAR, SBAS approach, Polarimetric InSAR etc..
* Retrieval and separation of atmospheric and crustal deformation signal: Improvement of conventional approaches (stacking or calibration), and development of a brand-new approach
* Modeling and interpretation of SAR/InSAR data: Development, application and assessment of geophysical modeling of InSAR data: e.g., efforts to go beyond oversimplified static solutions.
* Combination of InSAR data with other measurement sources: Development of novel and useful combination of InSAR data with other measurement techniques, such as GPS, gravity, seismogram etc.

===Activities===

* Email:&lt;br /&gt; Internal email discussions
* Meeting:&lt;br /&gt; Organization of working group meeting and organization of sessions at larger meetings. Potential candidate venues are the Joint AGU/CGU meeting, IAG workshops, FRINGE workshop, etc.
* Website:&lt;br /&gt; Launch of a website for communications, information dissemination and links to data sources
* Monitoring:&lt;br /&gt; Monitoring and presentation of activities - either by WG members or external - that are going on in these areas.

===Membership===

'' '''Masato Furuya, (Japan, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Falk Amelung (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Roland Bürgmann (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Andrea Donnellan (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Yuri Fialko (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Yo Fukushima (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Sigrujon Jónsson (Switzerland)&lt;br /&gt; Zhenhong Li (UK)&lt;br /&gt; Zhong Lu (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Taku Ozawa (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Matthew Pritchard (USA)&lt;br /&gt; David Sandwell (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Masanobu Shimada (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Mark Simons (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Tim Wright (UK)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>18c51d20b21d6b750f555b4f713a79fd9c27dfba</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2008-04-22 11:47:02+00|182">
  <title>IC SG7</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>14</id>
  <revision>
    <id>245</id>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T11:54:15Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>New page: &lt;big&gt;'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''  __TOC__ ===Introduction===  Recent advances in ground...</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1765" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Recent advances in ground-, satellite- and space-geodetic techniques have detected temporal variations of deformation and gravity with unprecedented accuracy over a wide period range. These variations are related to various surficial and internal earth processes. The new types of observational data require the development of 2-D/3-D earth models and novel interpretational techniques.

===Program of activities===

* Development of 2D/3-D elastic/viscoelastic earth models for simulating processes responsible for deformation and gravity variations.
* Forward modelling of deformation and gravity variations caused by atmospheric, cryospheric, hydrospheric or internal forcing functions.
* Inverse modelling of observed deformation and gravity variations in terms of forcing functions or in terms of elastic/viscoelastic earth parameters.

===Membership===

'' '''D. Wolf (Germany, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt; M. Bevis (USA)&lt;br /&gt; A. Braun (Canada)&lt;br /&gt; L. Brimich (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; B. Chao (USA)&lt;br /&gt; J. Fernandez (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fleitout (France)&lt;br /&gt; P. Gonzales (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; E. Ivins (USA)&lt;br /&gt; V. Klemann (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec (Czech Rep.)&lt;br /&gt; G.A. Milne (UK)&lt;br /&gt; J. Müller (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Rogister (France)&lt;br /&gt; H.-G. Scherneck (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt; G. Spada (Italy)&lt;br /&gt; W. Sun (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Tanaka (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; P. Vajda (Czech Rep.)&lt;br /&gt; P. Varga (Hungary)&lt;br /&gt; L.L.A. Vermeersen (NL)&lt;br /&gt; D. Wolf (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Wu (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;''

===Associate Members===

'' E.W. Grafarend(Germany)&lt;br /&gt; J. Hinderer (France)&lt;br /&gt; L.E. Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>b39dadd93caa8d3fde30cb8a6bbac1e58ec0d7ec</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>246</id>
    <parentid>245</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-04-22T11:54:34Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="1757" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Temporal variations of deformation and gravity'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Recent advances in ground-, satellite- and space-geodetic techniques have detected temporal variations of deformation and gravity with unprecedented accuracy over a wide period range. These variations are related to various surficial and internal earth processes. The new types of observational data require the development of 2-D/3-D earth models and novel interpretational techniques.

===Program of activities===

* Development of 2D/3-D elastic/viscoelastic earth models for simulating processes responsible for deformation and gravity variations.
* Forward modelling of deformation and gravity variations caused by atmospheric, cryospheric, hydrospheric or internal forcing functions.
* Inverse modelling of observed deformation and gravity variations in terms of forcing functions or in terms of elastic/viscoelastic earth parameters.

===Membership===

'' '''D. Wolf (Germany, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt; M. Bevis (USA)&lt;br /&gt; A. Braun (Canada)&lt;br /&gt; L. Brimich (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; B. Chao (USA)&lt;br /&gt; J. Fernandez (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fleitout (France)&lt;br /&gt; P. Gonzales (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; E. Ivins (USA)&lt;br /&gt; V. Klemann (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec (Czech Rep.)&lt;br /&gt; G.A. Milne (UK)&lt;br /&gt; J. Müller (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Rogister (France)&lt;br /&gt; H.-G. Scherneck (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt; G. Spada (Italy)&lt;br /&gt; W. Sun (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Tanaka (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; P. Vajda (Czech Rep.)&lt;br /&gt; P. Varga (Hungary)&lt;br /&gt; L.L.A. Vermeersen (NL)&lt;br /&gt; D. Wolf (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Wu (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;''

===Associate Members===

'' E.W. Grafarend(Germany)&lt;br /&gt; J. Hinderer (France)&lt;br /&gt; L.E. Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="1755" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Temporal variations of deformation and gravity'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Recent advances in ground-, satellite- and space-geodetic techniques have detected temporal variations of deformation and gravity with unprecedented accuracy over a wide period range. These variations are related to various surficial and internal earth processes. The new types of observational data require the development of 2-D/3-D earth models and novel interpretational techniques.

===Program of activities===

* Development of 2D/3-D elastic/viscoelastic earth models for simulating processes responsible for deformation and gravity variations.
* Forward modelling of deformation and gravity variations caused by atmospheric, cryospheric, hydrospheric or internal forcing functions.
* Inverse modelling of observed deformation and gravity variations in terms of forcing functions or in terms of elastic/viscoelastic earth parameters.

===Membership===

'' '''D. Wolf (Germany, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt; M. Bevis (USA)&lt;br /&gt; A. Braun (Canada)&lt;br /&gt; L. Brimich (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; B. Chao (USA)&lt;br /&gt; J. Fernandez (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fleitout (France)&lt;br /&gt; P. Gonzales (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; E. Ivins (USA)&lt;br /&gt; V. Klemann (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec (Czech Rep.)&lt;br /&gt; G.A. Milne (UK)&lt;br /&gt; J. Müller (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Rogister (France)&lt;br /&gt; H.-G. Scherneck (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt; G. Spada (Italy)&lt;br /&gt; W. Sun (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Tanaka (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; P. Vajda (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; P. Varga (Hungary)&lt;br /&gt; L.L.A. Vermeersen (NL)&lt;br /&gt; D. Wolf (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Wu (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;''

===Associate Members===

'' E.W. Grafarend(Germany)&lt;br /&gt; J. Hinderer (France)&lt;br /&gt; L.E. Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="1756" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Temporal variations of deformation and gravity'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Recent advances in ground-, satellite- and space-geodetic techniques have detected temporal variations of deformation and gravity with unprecedented accuracy over a wide period range. These variations are related to various surficial and internal earth processes. The new types of observational data require the development of 2-D/3-D earth models and novel interpretational techniques.

===Program of activities===

* Development of 2D/3-D elastic/viscoelastic earth models for simulating processes responsible for deformation and gravity variations.
* Forward modelling of deformation and gravity variations caused by atmospheric, cryospheric, hydrospheric or internal forcing functions.
* Inverse modelling of observed deformation and gravity variations in terms of forcing functions or in terms of elastic/viscoelastic earth parameters.

===Membership===

'' '''D. Wolf (Germany, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt; M. Bevis (USA)&lt;br /&gt; A. Braun (Canada)&lt;br /&gt; L. Brimich (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; B. Chao (USA)&lt;br /&gt; J. Fernandez (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fleitout (France)&lt;br /&gt; P. Gonzales (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; E. Ivins (USA)&lt;br /&gt; V. Klemann (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec (Czech Rep.)&lt;br /&gt; G.A. Milne (UK)&lt;br /&gt; J. Müller (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Rogister (France)&lt;br /&gt; H.-G. Scherneck (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt; G. Spada (Italy)&lt;br /&gt; W. Sun (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Tanaka (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; P. Vajda (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; P. Varga (Hungary)&lt;br /&gt; L.L.A. Vermeersen (NL)&lt;br /&gt; D. Wolf (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Wu (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;''

===Associate Members===

'' E.W. Grafarend (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; J. Hinderer (France)&lt;br /&gt; L.E. Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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** mainpage|Main page
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** Vision|Vision and Objectives
** Steering comitee
** Study_groups|Study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Announcements

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** mainpage|Main page
** Contact|Contact
** Vision|Vision and Objectives
** Steering comitee
** Study_groups|Study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Announcements

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** IC_SG1|Study group 1
** IC_SG2|Study group 2
** IC_SG3|Study group 3
** IC_SG4|Study group 4
** IC_SG5|Study group 5
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** News|News
** Announcements|Announcements

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** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
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** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Announcements

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** IC_SG2|Study group 2
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** IC_SG4|Study group 4
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** IC_SG6|Study group 6
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** IC_SG8|Study group 8

* Tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
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    <comment>New page: ==The ICCT logo==  The letter '''theta''' is the initial of the Greek word '''Θε&amp;omega;&amp;rho;&amp;iota;&amp;alpha;''' (theoria) from which the corresponding words in western languages derive (Eng...</comment>
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    <text bytes="802" xml:space="preserve">==The ICCT logo==

The letter '''theta''' is the initial of the Greek word '''Θε&amp;omega;&amp;rho;&amp;iota;&amp;alpha;''' (theoria) from which the corresponding words in western languages derive (English: theory, German: Theorie, French: theorie, Italian: teoria).
The original meaning of the word is "observation" or "viewing".
Herodotus, the father of history, tells us that Solon, the Athenian poet and  legislator,
''"... has travelled around the world for the shake of theory ...".''
From the same root derives another wide-spread Greek word: theatron (theater, meaning viewing or show).

The proverb in Latin is from the Latin poet [[Virgil]] (70-19 BC):

''Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas''&lt;br&gt;
''(Happy is he who comes to know the causes of things)''&lt;br&gt;
Virgil Georgics, Book II, line 490. 29 BC</text>
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    <text bytes="838" xml:space="preserve">==The ICCT logo==

The letter '''theta''' is the initial of the Greek word '''Θε&amp;omega;&amp;rho;&amp;iota;&amp;alpha;''' (theoria) from which the corresponding words in western languages derive (English: theory, German: Theorie, French: theorie, Italian: teoria).
The original meaning of the word is "observation" or "viewing".
Herodotus, the father of history, tells us that Solon, the Athenian poet and  legislator,
''"... has travelled around the world for the shake of theory ...".''
From the same root derives another wide-spread Greek word: theatron (theater, meaning viewing or show).

The proverb in Latin is from the Latin poet [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgil|Virgil]] (70-19 BC):

''Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas''&lt;br&gt;
''(Happy is he who comes to know the causes of things)''&lt;br&gt;
Virgil Georgics, Book II, line 490. 29 BC</text>
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    <text bytes="836" xml:space="preserve">==The ICCT logo==

The letter '''theta''' is the initial of the Greek word '''Θε&amp;omega;&amp;rho;&amp;iota;&amp;alpha;''' (theoria) from which the corresponding words in western languages derive (English: theory, German: Theorie, French: theorie, Italian: teoria).
The original meaning of the word is "observation" or "viewing".
Herodotus, the father of history, tells us that Solon, the Athenian poet and  legislator,
''"... has travelled around the world for the shake of theory ...".''
From the same root derives another wide-spread Greek word: theatron (theater, meaning viewing or show).

The proverb in Latin is from the Latin poet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgil Virgil] (70-19 BC):

''Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas''&lt;br&gt;
''(Happy is he who comes to know the causes of things)''&lt;br&gt;
Virgil Georgics, Book II, line 490. 29 BC</text>
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    <text bytes="834" xml:space="preserve">=The ICCT logo=

The letter '''theta''' is the initial of the Greek word '''Θε&amp;omega;&amp;rho;&amp;iota;&amp;alpha;''' (theoria) from which the corresponding words in western languages derive (English: theory, German: Theorie, French: theorie, Italian: teoria).
The original meaning of the word is "observation" or "viewing".
Herodotus, the father of history, tells us that Solon, the Athenian poet and  legislator,
''"... has travelled around the world for the shake of theory ...".''
From the same root derives another wide-spread Greek word: theatron (theater, meaning viewing or show).

The proverb in Latin is from the Latin poet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgil Virgil] (70-19 BC):

''Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas''&lt;br&gt;
''(Happy is he who comes to know the causes of things)''&lt;br&gt;
Virgil Georgics, Book II, line 490. 29 BC</text>
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    <text bytes="579" xml:space="preserve">=The ICCT logo=

The letter '''theta''' is the initial of the Greek word '''Θε&amp;omega;&amp;rho;&amp;iota;&amp;alpha;''' (theoria) from which the corresponding words in western languages derive (English: theory, German: Theorie, French: theorie, Italian: teoria).
The original meaning of the word is "observation" or "viewing".
Herodotus, the father of history, tells us that Solon, the Athenian poet and  legislator,
''"... has travelled around the world for the shake of theory ...".''
From the same root derives another wide-spread Greek word: theatron (theater, meaning viewing or show).</text>
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  <title>Links</title>
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    <comment>New page: [http://www.iag-aig.org/ IAG - The International Association of Geodesy]  [http://www.iugg.org/ IUGG and Associations]   ===IAG Commisions===   *[http://iag.dgfi.badw.de/ Commission 1. Ref...</comment>
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    <text bytes="1091" xml:space="preserve">[http://www.iag-aig.org/ IAG - The International Association of Geodesy]

[http://www.iugg.org/ IUGG and Associations]
 
===IAG Commisions===
 
*[http://iag.dgfi.badw.de/ Commission 1. Reference Frames]
*[http://www.ceegs.ohio-state.edu/iag-commission2 Commission 2. Gravity Field]
*[http://www.astro.oma.be/IAG/index.html Commission 3. Earth Rotation and Geodynamics]
*[http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/iag/iag_comm4.htm Commission 4. Positioning and Applications]
 
===IAG Services===

*[http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/ International GPS Service]
*[http://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ International VLBI Service]
*[http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/ International Laser Ranging Service]
*[http://bgi.cnes.fr/ International Gravimetric Bureau]
*[http://www.iges.polimi.it/ International Geoid Service]
*[http://www.astro.oma.be/ICET/index.html International Center for Earth Tides]
*[http://www.iers.org/ International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service]
*[http://www.pol.ac.uk/ Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level]
*[http://www.bipm.org/ Time  Section of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures]</text>
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    <comment>/* IAG Services */</comment>
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    <text bytes="561" xml:space="preserve">[http://www.iag-aig.org/ IAG - The International Association of Geodesy]

[http://www.iugg.org/ IUGG and Associations]
 
===IAG Commisions===
 
*[http://iag.dgfi.badw.de/ Commission 1. Reference Frames]
*[http://www.ceegs.ohio-state.edu/iag-commission2 Commission 2. Gravity Field]
*[http://www.astro.oma.be/IAG/index.html Commission 3. Earth Rotation and Geodynamics]
*[http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/iag/iag_comm4.htm Commission 4. Positioning and Applications]
 
===IAG Services===

*[http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?id_c=11&amp;tpl=cat&amp;np=1/ List of IAG Services]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2008-04-22 11:47:02+00|182">
  <title>News</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>New page: ==IAG Meetings 2008== (see also [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview] for actual information)  ====[http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=text&amp;id_c=50&amp;id_t...</comment>
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    <text bytes="3619" xml:space="preserve">==IAG Meetings 2008==
(see also [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview] for actual information)

====[http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=text&amp;id_c=50&amp;id_t=339 SIRGAS 2008 General Meeting]====
Objectives To present the progress of the SIRGAS activities, especially those related with: Enlargement/densification of the continuously operating network SIRGAS-CONEvaluation of the Experimental Analysis and Combination CentresIonospheric studies based on the SIRGAS-CON infrastructureIntegration of the Central American and Caribbean Countries into SIRGASNational achievements by adopting SIRGAS SIRGAS vertical reference(...)

====[http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=text&amp;id_c=50&amp;id_t=338 The 5th annual meeting of AOGS will hold in Busan, South Korea on 16-20 June, 2008]====
The session for Space Geodesy was accepted like as \"Geodetic Techniques (GNSS, VLBI, SLR,,) and Its Applications on Atmosphere/Geodynamics\" (Session number : SE87) SE87: Geodetic Techniques (GNSS, VLBI, SLR,,) and Its Applications on Atmosphere/Geodynamics The current Space/Ground Geodetic techniques (e.g. GNSS (both ground and LEO based), VLBI, SLR.) with an unprecedented accuracy enable to characterize a broad range of Earth sciences, especially increasingly (...)

====[http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=text&amp;id_c=50&amp;id_t=333 5th IVS General Meeting, March 3-6, 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia]====
The fifth General Meeting of the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) will be held March 3-6, 2008 in St. Petersburg, Russia. The IVS holds a technical meeting, called the General Meeting, every two years. The purpose of the meeting is to assemble representatives from all IVS components to share information, hear reports, and plan future activities. The meeting also provides a forum for interaction with other members of the VLBI and Earth science commun(...)

===[http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=text&amp;id_c=50&amp;id_t=332 International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation GGEO 2008]===
International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation GGEO 2008 23-27 June, 2008 Chania, Crete, Greece Convenor: Prof. Stelios P. Mertikas Lab of Geodesy &amp; Geomatics Engineering Department of Mineral Resources Engineering Technical University of Crete GR-73100 Chania, Crete Greece. Phone: +30-28210-37629 Fax: +30-28210-37872 E-mail: mertikas@mred.tuc.gr(...)

===[http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=text&amp;id_c=50&amp;id_t=325 14th General Assembly of WEGENER]===
The 14th General Assembly of WEGENER will take place at the \"Darmstadtium Science and Conference Center\", Darmstadt, Germany from September 15-18, 2008. A central theme in WEGENER\'s activities is the observation of geodynamic processes of the European-Mediterranean region, northern Africa and Asia Minor, by space geodetic techniques. In the recent years advances in geodesy have led to a dramatic improvement in our ability to monitor the Earth deformation on a wide rang(...)


==EGU Meetings 2008==
(see also [http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/meeting_overview.html EGU Meeting overview] for actual information)

===[http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2008/ EGU General Assembly]===
Location: Vienna, Austria&lt;br&gt;
Date: 13 - 18 April 2008

===[http://meetings.copernicus.org/plinius10/ 10th Plinius Conference on Mediterranean Storms]===
Location: Nicosia, Cyprus&lt;br&gt;
Date: 22 - 24 September 2008

===[http://meetings.copernicus.org/avh4/ 4th Alexander von Humboldt International Conference on The Andes: Challenge for Geosciences]===
Location: Santiago de Chile, Chile&lt;br&gt;
Date: 24 - 28 November 2008</text>
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  <title>Announcements</title>
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    <text bytes="27" xml:space="preserve">No Announcements presently.</text>
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  <title>Help:Contents</title>
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    <timestamp>2008-04-23T19:52:13Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>New page: The ICCT Web page is based on [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki MediaWiki]. Everybody can read the content and registered users can also easily edit the content of the Web page. Thi...</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="601" xml:space="preserve">The ICCT Web page is based on [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki MediaWiki]. Everybody can read the content and registered users can also easily edit the content of the Web page. This allows to update text in study group pages, news, announcements etc. without asking webmaster and helps to keep the content up-to-date.

To create account for updating pages ask the webmaster [mailto:kadlecm@kma.zcu.cz Martin Kadlec]. If you need create new pages or you need any help with the system, do not hesitate to contact the webmaster also.

Short introduction to wiki markup language is available here.</text>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="649" xml:space="preserve">The ICCT Web page is based on [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki MediaWiki]. Everybody can read the content and registered users can also easily edit the content of the Web page. This allows to update text in study group pages, news, announcements etc. without asking webmaster and helps to keep the content up-to-date.

To create account for updating pages ask the webmaster [mailto:kadlecm@kma.zcu.cz Martin Kadlec]. If you need create new pages or you need any help with the system, do not hesitate to contact the webmaster also.

Short introduction to wiki markup language is available [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting here].</text>
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  <title>Icctwiki:About</title>
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    <comment>New page: ICCTwiki is a wiki based Web page of the [[Main_Page|Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT)]] of the International Association of Geodesy.</comment>
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    <text bytes="142" xml:space="preserve">ICCTwiki is a wiki based Web page of the [[Main_Page|Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT)]]
of the International Association of Geodesy.</text>
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  <title>Study groups</title>
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    <text bytes="1141" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;


[[IC_SG8|'''IC-SG8: Analysis of complex time series''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wiesław Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <comment>/* Intercommission Study Groups */</comment>
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    <text bytes="1140" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''IC-SG8: Analysis of complex time series''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wiesław Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <text bytes="1175" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''IC-SG8: Towards cm-accurate geoid - Theories, computational methods and validation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Y.M. Wang (USA)''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <text bytes="1204" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''IC-SG8: Towards cm-accurate geoid - Theories, computational methods and validation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Y.M. Wang (USA)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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  <title>IC SG8</title>
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    <comment>New page: &lt;big&gt;'''Analysis of complex time series'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''Wiesław Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;  ===Objective===  The objective of a study group on "Analysis of complex time series" would be to i...</comment>
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    <text bytes="567" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Analysis of complex time series'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Wiesław Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;

===Objective===

The objective of a study group on "Analysis of complex time series" would
be to investigate the diverse methodologies and approaches across the
geodetic sub-disciplines on time-series analysis. The study group
membership combines the expertise in time series analysis of EOP,
GPS-coordinates, sea level, superconducting gravimetry, and so on. The
ultimate goal would be a consolidation between such methodologies, or at
least recommendations in that direction.</text>
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    <text bytes="3967" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Y.M. Wang (USA)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, IERS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

In today's satellite age, the ellipsoidal height can be determined up to 2 cm-accuracy geometrically by the global positioning system (GPS). If geoid models reach the same accuracy, national or global vertical systems can be established in a quick and economical way with cm-accuracy everywhere.

Geoid modeling has been based on Stokes and Molodensky's theories. In both theories, including the theories of gravity and topographic reductions which are fundamentally important for precise geoid computation, approximations and assumptions are made. The evaluation and verification of the effects of assumptions and approximations in the theories are urgently called for. Due to the massive effort on data collection that has improved our knowledge of the Earth's physical surface and its interior, fixed-boundary value problems become practical and useful. Theoretical and numerical studies along this line are not only important in practice, but also may be a fundamental change in physical geodesy.

The working group aims at bringing together scientists concerned with all aspects of the diverse areas of geodetically relevant theory and its applications. Its goal is to provide a framework consisting of theories and computational methods to ensure that cm-accurate geoid is achievable.

===Objectives===

Theoretical research related to precise geoid computations; studies of geodetic boundary values problems (free and fixed boundary value problems); development and refinement of gravity/topographic reduction theories; exploration and implementation of numerical methods of partial differential equations for Earth's gravity field determination (e.g., domain decomposition, spectral combination and others).

In more details, this includes:

* Studies of the effect of topographic density variations on the Earth's gravity field, especially the geoid.
* Rigorous yet efficient calculation of the topographic effects, refinement of the topographic and gravity reductions.
* Studies on harmonic downward continuations.
* Non-linear effects of the geodetic boundary value problems on the geoid determinations.
* Optimal combination of global gravity models with local gravity data.
* Exploration of numerical methods in solving the geodetic boundary value problems (domain decomposition, finite elements, and others)
* Studies on data requirements, data quality, distribution and sample rate, for a cm- accurate geoid.
* Studies on the time variations of the geoid caused by geodynamics.
* Studies on the interdisciplinary approach for marine geoid determination, e.g., research on realization of a global geoid consistent with the global mean sea surface observed by satellites.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of meetings and conferences.
* Organizing WG meetings or sessions, in coincidence with a larger event, if the presence of working group members appears sufficiently large.
* Email discussion and electronic exchange.
* Launching a web page for dissemination of information, expressing aims, objectives, and discussions.
* Monitoring and reporting activities of working group members and interested external individuals.

===Membership===

'' '''Y.M. Wang, (USA, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; W. Featherstone, Australia&lt;br /&gt; N. Kühtreiber, Austria&lt;br /&gt; H. Moritz, Austria&lt;br /&gt; M.G. Sideris, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Véronneau, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J. Huang, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Santos, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J.C. Li, China&lt;br /&gt; D.B. Cao, China&lt;br /&gt; W.B. Shen, China&lt;br /&gt; F. Mao, China&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; R. Forsberg, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; O. Anderson, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal, Egypt&lt;br /&gt; H. Denker, Germany&lt;br /&gt; B. Heck, Germany&lt;br /&gt; W. Freeden, Germany&lt;br /&gt; J. H. Kwon, Korea&lt;br /&gt; L. Sjöberg, Sweden&lt;br /&gt; D. Roman, USA&lt;br /&gt; J. Saleh, USA&lt;br /&gt; D. Smith USA&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="3961" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Towards cm-accurate geoid - Theories, computational methods and validation'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Y.M. Wang (USA)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

In today's satellite age, the ellipsoidal height can be determined up to 2 cm-accuracy geometrically by the global positioning system (GPS). If geoid models reach the same accuracy, national or global vertical systems can be established in a quick and economical way with cm-accuracy everywhere.

Geoid modeling has been based on Stokes and Molodensky's theories. In both theories, including the theories of gravity and topographic reductions which are fundamentally important for precise geoid computation, approximations and assumptions are made. The evaluation and verification of the effects of assumptions and approximations in the theories are urgently called for. Due to the massive effort on data collection that has improved our knowledge of the Earth's physical surface and its interior, fixed-boundary value problems become practical and useful. Theoretical and numerical studies along this line are not only important in practice, but also may be a fundamental change in physical geodesy.

The working group aims at bringing together scientists concerned with all aspects of the diverse areas of geodetically relevant theory and its applications. Its goal is to provide a framework consisting of theories and computational methods to ensure that cm-accurate geoid is achievable.

===Objectives===

Theoretical research related to precise geoid computations; studies of geodetic boundary values problems (free and fixed boundary value problems); development and refinement of gravity/topographic reduction theories; exploration and implementation of numerical methods of partial differential equations for Earth's gravity field determination (e.g., domain decomposition, spectral combination and others).

In more details, this includes:

* Studies of the effect of topographic density variations on the Earth's gravity field, especially the geoid.
* Rigorous yet efficient calculation of the topographic effects, refinement of the topographic and gravity reductions.
* Studies on harmonic downward continuations.
* Non-linear effects of the geodetic boundary value problems on the geoid determinations.
* Optimal combination of global gravity models with local gravity data.
* Exploration of numerical methods in solving the geodetic boundary value problems (domain decomposition, finite elements, and others)
* Studies on data requirements, data quality, distribution and sample rate, for a cm- accurate geoid.
* Studies on the time variations of the geoid caused by geodynamics.
* Studies on the interdisciplinary approach for marine geoid determination, e.g., research on realization of a global geoid consistent with the global mean sea surface observed by satellites.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of meetings and conferences.
* Organizing WG meetings or sessions, in coincidence with a larger event, if the presence of working group members appears sufficiently large.
* Email discussion and electronic exchange.
* Launching a web page for dissemination of information, expressing aims, objectives, and discussions.
* Monitoring and reporting activities of working group members and interested external individuals.

===Membership===

'' '''Y.M. Wang, (USA, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; W. Featherstone, Australia&lt;br /&gt; N. Kühtreiber, Austria&lt;br /&gt; H. Moritz, Austria&lt;br /&gt; M.G. Sideris, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Véronneau, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J. Huang, Canada&lt;br /&gt; M. Santos, Canada&lt;br /&gt; J.C. Li, China&lt;br /&gt; D.B. Cao, China&lt;br /&gt; W.B. Shen, China&lt;br /&gt; F. Mao, China&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; R. Forsberg, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; O. Anderson, Denmark&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal, Egypt&lt;br /&gt; H. Denker, Germany&lt;br /&gt; B. Heck, Germany&lt;br /&gt; W. Freeden, Germany&lt;br /&gt; J. H. Kwon, Korea&lt;br /&gt; L. Sjöberg, Sweden&lt;br /&gt; D. Roman, USA&lt;br /&gt; J. Saleh, USA&lt;br /&gt; D. Smith USA&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>e774be68be5fed34e2133fca629c85705623bd1a</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="2008-04-22 11:47:02+00|182">
  <title>User:Admin</title>
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    <contributor>
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    <comment>New page: Adminitrator of ICCT web pages: [mailto:kadlecm@kma.zcu.cz Martin Kadlec]</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="73" xml:space="preserve">Adminitrator of ICCT web pages: [mailto:kadlecm@kma.zcu.cz Martin Kadlec]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2008-04-22 11:47:02+00|182">
  <title>Organization</title>
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    <text bytes="587" xml:space="preserve">=== President ===

 '''Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nico Sneeuw'''
 Institute of Geodesy
 Universität Stuttgart
 Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24/D
 D-70174 Stuttgart
 Germany
 Phone: ++49 711 68583389
 Fax: ++49 711 68583285
 Email:
 nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de
 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/gi/institute/mitarbeiter/sneeuw.html

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email:
 panovak@kma.zcu.cz
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="661" xml:space="preserve">=== President ===

 '''Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nico Sneeuw'''
 Institute of Geodesy
 Universität Stuttgart
 Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24/D
 D-70174 Stuttgart
 Germany
 Phone: ++49 711 68583389
 Fax: ++49 711 68583285
 Email:
 [mailto:nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de]
 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/gi/institute/mitarbeiter/sneeuw.html

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email:
 [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="659" xml:space="preserve">=== President ===

 '''Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nico Sneeuw'''
 Institute of Geodesy
 Universität Stuttgart
 Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24/D
 D-70174 Stuttgart
 Germany
 Phone: ++49 711 68583389
 Fax: ++49 711 68583285
 Email: [mailto:nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de]
 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/gi/institute/mitarbeiter/sneeuw.html

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak</text>
    <sha1>f6bbc4ddf541062931851b2a95152d2bccc3c971</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>62</id>
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    <text bytes="1033" xml:space="preserve">=== Steering comitee ===

'''President:''' ''Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vice-President:''' ''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 1: Zuheir Altamimi (France)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 2: Pieter Visser (The Netherlands)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 3: Richard Gross (USA)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 4: Sandra Verhagen (The Netherlands)''&lt;br /&gt;

=== President ===

 '''Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nico Sneeuw'''
 Institute of Geodesy
 Universität Stuttgart
 Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24/D
 D-70174 Stuttgart
 Germany
 Phone: ++49 711 68583389
 Fax: ++49 711 68583285
 Email: [mailto:nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de]
 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/gi/institute/mitarbeiter/sneeuw.html

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak</text>
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  <title>Contact</title>
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    <comment>[[Contact]] moved to [[Organization]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Organization]]</text>
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    <comment>New page: === Forum ===</comment>
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    <text bytes="13" xml:space="preserve">=== Forum ===</text>
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    <text bytes="88" xml:space="preserve">=== First note ===
This is first idea to discuss.
Click discussion to discus this topic.</text>
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    <comment>/* First note */</comment>
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    <text bytes="331" xml:space="preserve">=== Discusion page ===
This page can be used for communication of ICCT members. You can add new topics to this page or add new text to existing topics by clicking 'edit' above in the menu bar. Please use the shortcut &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; which will add your name behind your comment.
[[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:33, 2 July 2008 (CEST)</text>
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    <text bytes="589" xml:space="preserve">=== Discusion page ===
[[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This page can be used for communication of ICCT members. You can add new topics to this page or add new text to existing topics by clicking 'edit' above in the menu bar. Please use the shortcut &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; which will add your name in front of your comment.&lt;br&gt;

: [[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This is a response to the firt topic. Colon &lt;nowiki&gt;:&lt;/nowiki&gt; at the begining of a row will indent the paragraph.
:: [[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This is a response to response...</text>
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    <text bytes="802" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Example topic (commented)

=== First topic ===
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--&gt;

=== Discusion page ===
[[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This page can be used for communication of ICCT members. You can add new topics to this page or add new text to existing topics by clicking 'edit' above in the menu bar. Please use the shortcut &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in front of your comment which will add your name and date.&lt;br&gt;

: [[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This is a response to the firt topic. Colon &lt;nowiki&gt;:&lt;/nowiki&gt; at the begining of a row will indent the paragraph.

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=== Discusion page ===
[[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This page can be used for communication of ICCT members. You can add new topics to this page or add new text to existing topics by clicking 'edit' above in the menu bar. Please use the shortcut &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in front of your comment which will add your name and date.&lt;br&gt;

: [[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This is a response to the firt topic. Colon &lt;nowiki&gt;:&lt;/nowiki&gt; at the begining of a row will indent the paragraph.

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--&gt;


=== Discusion page ===
[[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This page can be used for communication of ICCT members. You can add new topics to this page or add new text to existing topics by clicking 'edit' above in the menu bar. Please use the shortcut &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in front of your comment which will add your name and date.&lt;br&gt;

: [[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This is a response to the firt topic. Colon : at the begining of a row will indent the paragraph.

:: [[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) Double colon :: creates a response to response...</text>
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--&gt;


=== Discussion page ===
[[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This page can be used for communication of ICCT members. You can add new topics to this page or add new text to existing topics by clicking 'edit' above in the menu bar. Please use the shortcut &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in front of your comment which will add your name and date.&lt;br&gt;

: [[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This is a response to the firt topic. Colon : at the begining of a row will indent the paragraph.

:: [[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) Double colon :: creates a response to response...</text>
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=== Discussion page ===
[[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This page can be used for communication among the ICCT members. You can add new topics to this page or add new text to existing topics by clicking 'edit' above in the menu bar. Please use the shortcut &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; in front of your comment which will add your name and date.&lt;br&gt;

: [[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) This is a response to the first topic. Colon : at the begining of a row will indent the paragraph.

:: [[User:Admin|Admin]] 15:37, 2 July 2008 (CEST) Double colon :: creates a response to the previous response.</text>
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    <text bytes="527" xml:space="preserve">* ICCT
** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and Objectives
** Steering comitee
** Study_groups|Study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Announcements
** Forum|Forum

* Study groups
** IC_SG1|Study group 1
** IC_SG2|Study group 2
** IC_SG3|Study group 3
** IC_SG4|Study group 4
** IC_SG5|Study group 5
** IC_SG6|Study group 6
** IC_SG7|Study group 7
** IC_SG8|Study group 8

* Tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
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** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and Objectives
** Steering comitee
** Study_groups|Study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Announcements
** Forum|Forum

* Study groups
** IC_SG1|Study group 1
** IC_SG2|Study group 2
** IC_SG3|Study group 3
** IC_SG4|Study group 4
** IC_SG5|Study group 5
** IC_SG6|Study group 6
** IC_SG7|Study group 7
** IC_SG8|Study group 8
** IC_SG9|Study group 9

* Tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
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    <comment>New page: &lt;big&gt;'''Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation:''Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences''  __TOC__ ===Introduction...</comment>
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    <text bytes="4299" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of the time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations in the ocean surface and ice covers 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field expressed as gravity or geoid anomalies as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. The temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange  between all elements of  Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Other geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric  delay, ionospheric electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as application of digital filters for extracting components with chosen frequency bandwidth.  

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis, filtration and prediction methods application. 

===Objectives===
Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtration, spectral analysis, time-frequency analysis  and prediction. 

Study of the Earth’s rotation and the gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Determination of the significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point on their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning different geodetic time series. 

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Polan, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4300" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of the time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations in the ocean surface and ice covers 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field expressed as gravity or geoid anomalies as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. The temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange  between all elements of  Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Other geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric  delay, ionospheric electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as application of digital filters for extracting components with chosen frequency bandwidth.  

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis, filtration and prediction methods application. 

===Objectives===
Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtration, spectral analysis, time-frequency analysis  and prediction. 

Study of the Earth’s rotation and the gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Determination of the significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point on their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning different geodetic time series. 

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4267" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of the time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations in the ocean surface and ice covers 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field expressed as gravity or geoid anomalies as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. The temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange  between all elements of  Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Other geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric  delay, ionospheric electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as application of digital filters for extracting components with chosen frequency bandwidth.  

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis, filtration and prediction methods application. 

===Objectives===
Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtration, spectral analysis, time-frequency analysis  and prediction. 

Study of the Earth’s rotation and the gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Determination of the significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point on their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning different geodetic time series. 

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4380" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of the time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations in the ocean surface and ice covers 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field expressed as gravity or geoid anomalies as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. The temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange  between all elements of  Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Other geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric  delay, ionospheric electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as application of digital filters for extracting components with chosen frequency bandwidth.  

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis, filtration and prediction methods application. 

===Objectives===
Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtration, spectral analysis, time-frequency analysis  and prediction. 

Study of the Earth’s rotation and the gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Determination of the significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point on their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning different geodetic time series. 

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===
Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtration, spectral analysis, time-frequency analysis  and prediction. 

Study of the Earth’s rotation and the gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Determination of the significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point on their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning different geodetic time series. 

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="5565" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

__TOC__
===Objectives===Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

__TOC__
===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey /&gt;Laura Fernandez, Argentina&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Laura Fernandez, Argentina&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Laura Fernandez, Argentina&lt;br /&gt;Richard Gross, USA&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Austria&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidring, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Laura Fernandez, Argentina&lt;br /&gt;Richard Gross, USA&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="5620" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Austria&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidrig, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Laura Fernandez, Argentina&lt;br /&gt;Richard Gross, USA&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="5681" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Austria&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf Widmer-Schnidrig, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Laura Fernandez, Argentina&lt;br /&gt;Richard Gross, USA&lt;br /&gt;Olivier de Viron, France&lt;br /&gt;
Michel van Camp, Belgium&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Austria&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Laura Fernandez, Argentina&lt;br /&gt;Richard Gross, USA&lt;br /&gt;Olivier de Viron, France&lt;br /&gt;
Michel Van Camp, Belgium&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="5642" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Austria&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Laura Fernandez, Argentina&lt;br /&gt;Richard Gross, USA&lt;br /&gt;Olivier de Viron, France&lt;br /&gt;Michel Van Camp, Belgium&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Austria&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Laura Fernandez, Argentina&lt;br /&gt;Richard Gross, USA&lt;br /&gt;Olivier de Viron, France&lt;br /&gt;Sergei Petrov, Russia&lt;br /&gt;Michel Van Camp, Belgium&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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  <title>Study groups</title>
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    <text bytes="1343" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''IC-SG8: Towards cm-accurate geoid - Theories, computational methods and validation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Y.M. Wang (USA)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''IC-SG9: Application of time-series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>702dcde496ad3f47ae60c4fe0f3c3ed4fdcb8876</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>119</id>
    <parentid>84</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-07-17T11:54:03Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Intercommission Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1352" xml:space="preserve">==Intercommission Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''IC-SG1: Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''IC-SG2: Quality of geodetic multi-sensor systems and networks''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 4, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''IC-SG3: Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''IC-SG4: Inverse theory and global optimization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''C. Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''IC-SG5: Satellite gravity theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''T. Mayer-Gürr (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''IC-SG6: InSAR for tectonophysics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''M. Furuya (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''IC-SG7: Temporal variations of deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''D. Wolf (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''IC-SG8: Towards cm-accurate geoid - Theories, computational methods and validation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Y.M. Wang (USA)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''IC-SG9: Application of time-series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>0b1fa0809523303ff857bef91ad54e871c33ac3a</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2008-07-02 13:22:05+00|321">
  <title>News</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>17</id>
  <revision>
    <id>266</id>
    <timestamp>2008-11-04T12:28:13Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="828" xml:space="preserve">==Important meetings==

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Study group chairs and steering committee members of IAG InterCommission Committee on Theory (IAG-ICCT) 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
    <sha1>e50b4d412b66636df17728d26e08209f820481a7</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2008-07-02 13:22:05+00|321">
  <title>Announcements</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>18</id>
  <revision>
    <id>302</id>
    <parentid>294</parentid>
    <timestamp>2008-11-04T12:29:04Z</timestamp>
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    </contributor>
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    <text bytes="519" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Study group chairs and steering committee members of IAG InterCommission Committee on Theory (IAG-ICCT) 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>9c9350d01b040a83ce09d755ea4cca14565f563e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>301</id>
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    <timestamp>2008-11-12T08:38:54Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="547" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* Study group chairs and steering committee members of IAG InterCommission Committee on Theory (IAG-ICCT) 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>e38341ad7876c1ee0505a2b7ff5b9d6cb464362e</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="559" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz

* Study group chairs and steering committee members of IAG InterCommission Committee on Theory (IAG-ICCT) 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>5f24e5c715248ba85a4b3664c48baf4b058a12e2</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="576" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr

* Study group chairs and steering committee members of IAG InterCommission Committee on Theory (IAG-ICCT) 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>c6633a5acf5f3b49e5461cec2fb4f241f0a46619</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="587" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* Study group chairs and steering committee members of IAG InterCommission Committee on Theory (IAG-ICCT) 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>bce8c1761f2dabd05be0e716d9e517cd056f9ae4</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="598" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* D. Wolf 
* Study group chairs and steering committee members of IAG InterCommission Committee on Theory (IAG-ICCT) 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>6fa87b062d2f979d3db8686ff3f835b26809593b</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="611" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* D. Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang

* Study group chairs and steering committee members of IAG InterCommission Committee on Theory (IAG-ICCT) 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>0786c1899986f854b0f297a544952ddd7dfe2de5</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="512" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* N. Sneeuw
* P. Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* D. Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>e0c88df0259d5e6dccc6c148b13d501bda031635</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="524" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* N. Sneeuw
* P. Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* D. Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Z. Altamimi 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>508384dc9d6add23d72cea2f2663febfd33ca6a4</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="536" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* N. Sneeuw
* P. Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* D. Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Z. Altamimi 
* P. Visser

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>d26c00460e81f9adc362773383147ffede38d6c4</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>285</id>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="551" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* N. Sneeuw
* P. Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* D. Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Z. Altamimi 
* P. Visser
* Richard Gross
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>7549deec0c71c00967bfbfb91cd08f80d16ca90b</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>284</id>
    <timestamp>2008-11-12T08:43:14Z</timestamp>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="569" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* N. Sneeuw
* P. Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* D. Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Z. Altamimi 
* P. Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>bff8d6b718c9eea237188accc76f3cf51c60a664</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>283</id>
    <timestamp>2008-11-12T08:43:42Z</timestamp>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="581" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* D. Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Zuher Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>ecd2ae5ddcd0effc4a78bd2908e8d2f35d87b171</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>282</id>
    <timestamp>2008-11-12T08:43:58Z</timestamp>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="582" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* D. Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>4a4b7548e436539bd957ef3a4155b7d6fbaded21</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="586" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* Detlef Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>492e8bfec7832ba28baa8eee8842bc17d302b728</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>280</id>
    <timestamp>2008-11-12T08:44:55Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="594" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Athanasios Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* Detlef Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>596a31dceb33308bd942e23626a282089c35a5c9</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>278</id>
    <timestamp>2008-11-12T08:50:50Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="601" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Athanasios Dermanis
* Hansjörg Kutterer
* F. Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* Detlef Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>f60d92df5b20d86b6c5b36f3171a193e97724f43</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>275</id>
    <timestamp>2008-11-12T08:52:06Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="606" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Athanasios Dermanis
* Hansjörg Kutterer
* Florian Seitz
* T. Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* Detlef Wolf 
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>08ef7df527394958b915282544c563d1d6551ac0</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>276</id>
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    <timestamp>2008-11-12T08:53:30Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="615" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Athanasios Dermanis
* Hansjörg Kutterer
* Florian Seitz
* Torsten Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* Detlef Wolf 
* Yan-Ming Wang
* W. Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>a50f6fac1133c2f5f823570c74ce90bd88c06ded</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="2008-11-12 08:55:51+00|269">
  <title>Announcements</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="620" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Athanasios Dermanis
* Hansjörg Kutterer
* Florian Seitz
* Torsten Mayer-Gürr
* M. Furuya
* Detlef Wolf 
* Yan-Ming Wang
* Wieslaw Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>14f5d0be916c865a8eb4817c16edb8196e31fa72</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="624" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Athanasios Dermanis
* Hansjörg Kutterer
* Florian Seitz
* Torsten Mayer-Gürr
* Masato Furuya
* Detlef Wolf 
* Yan-Ming Wang
* Wieslaw Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>74f98262a3884fa03cd1ab93ea46ff818f6b1ea9</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <timestamp>2008-11-12T08:58:07Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="645" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Engineering Faculty of the University "La Sapienza"''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Athanasios Dermanis
* Hansjörg Kutterer
* Florian Seitz
* Torsten Mayer-Gürr
* Masato Furuya
* Detlef Wolf 
* Yan-Ming Wang
* Wieslaw Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>c9e6f9d6d07f618fa713e06b4d7f30f35bf18d35</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="630" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, Rome, Italy, Engineering Faculty of the University "La Sapienza"''

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Athanasios Dermanis
* Hansjörg Kutterer
* Florian Seitz
* Torsten Mayer-Gürr
* Masato Furuya
* Detlef Wolf 
* Yan-Ming Wang
* Wieslaw Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>6009f291502e437c4ca258f61ab15d5e2c48f4eb</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="621" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Fernando Sansò
* Athanasios Dermanis
* Hansjörg Kutterer
* Florian Seitz
* Torsten Mayer-Gürr
* Masato Furuya
* Detlef Wolf 
* Yan-Ming Wang
* Wieslaw Kosek
* Zuheir Altamimi 
* Pieter Visser
* Richard Gross
* Sandra Verhagen
'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>12eef0e6282b714e9aef7d49f1dd4f50eb7b85a4</sha1>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="460" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''15–19 June 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Fernando Sansò
* ICCT study group chairs
* ICCT Steering Committee
'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>3f10955e9a42ca18bddcffbfaee08cfa26a7a903</sha1>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
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    <text bytes="459" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Fernando Sansò
* ICCT study group chairs
* ICCT Steering Committee
'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>893415dc6f96e71092ab6257ff33245a3aca348a</sha1>
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    <text bytes="459" xml:space="preserve">===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Fernando Sansò
* ICCT Steering Committee
* ICCT study group chairs
'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>cc36e2d5a43efe98c2bd5892b0fca8973a823343</sha1>
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===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Fernando Sansò
* ICCT Steering Committee
* ICCT study group chairs
'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>6e5969bd6730560022efc332f444e067d4c6074c</sha1>
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===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Fernando Sansò
* ICCT Steering Committee
* ICCT study group chairs
'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>6e5969bd6730560022efc332f444e067d4c6074c</sha1>
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===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Fernando Sansò
* ICCT Steering Committee
* ICCT study group chairs
'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>6e5969bd6730560022efc332f444e067d4c6074c</sha1>
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===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Fernando Sansò
* ICCT Steering Committee
* ICCT study group chairs
'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).</text>
    <sha1>f28c2e2cd170a38d762357ae88a2c0213665111e</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>279</id>
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===[http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2009/homepage.asp|VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy]===
''6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

See [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2009/homepage.asp web pages] of the Symposium.

The first circular letter is available in [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-marussi_Symposium_2009/download/firstcircular.pdf PDF].

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* N. Sneeuw
* P. Novak
* F. Sansò
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seiz
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Z. Altamimi
* R. Gross
* S. Verhagen
* T. Mayer-Gürr

'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* M. Crespi
* G. Colosimo
* F. Fratarcangeli
* A. Mazzoni
* F. Pieralice</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2008-11-12 08:55:51+00|269">
  <title>News</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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  <revision>
    <id>265</id>
    <timestamp>2008-11-18T08:18:12Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="821" xml:space="preserve">==Important meetings==

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Study group chairs and steering committee members of IAG InterCommission Committee on Theory (IAG-ICCT) 

'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
    <sha1>3e575299a7ab4f4781ec41df290eeeb82a2d3ed3</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>255</id>
    <timestamp>2008-11-18T08:24:02Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="783" xml:space="preserve">==Important meetings==

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
''6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

'''Scientific Organization Committee:'''
* Nico Sneeuw
* Pavel Novák
* Fernando Sansò
* ICCT Steering Committee
* ICCT study group chairs
'''Local Organization Committee:'''
* Mattia Crespi

The first circular letter will be sent out in December, 2008. By that time, a website will have been set up with additional information (under construction).

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
    <sha1>d0af2badd85f8d70724abe8123de62cfe3d019f7</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>261</id>
    <parentid>255</parentid>
    <timestamp>2009-01-19T12:31:02Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="432" xml:space="preserve">==Important meetings==

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===
Detail at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
    <sha1>15e91181af39eb7ffdb04d6b5ef9bc1722f1d76b</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>256</id>
    <parentid>255</parentid>
    <timestamp>2009-01-19T12:32:04Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="496" xml:space="preserve">==Important meetings==

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===

6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

See details at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
    <sha1>6e2eb4bcc592ec7e0f239b5c5eba79745ff6b445</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>257</id>
    <parentid>256</parentid>
    <timestamp>2009-09-21T10:15:19Z</timestamp>
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      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="719" xml:space="preserve">==Mid-term report==
The Mid-term report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report2007-2009.pdf|here]] here.

==Important meetings==

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===

6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

See details at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
    <sha1>7b263cef18ba0d385a326028b18ef0fa33587b7b</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>264</id>
    <parentid>257</parentid>
    <timestamp>2009-09-21T10:15:35Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="714" xml:space="preserve">==Mid-term report==
The Mid-term report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report2007-2009.pdf|here]].

==Important meetings==

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===

6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

See details at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
    <sha1>32f1cabfbdcef25da73a20e37795014a09b58c67</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>258</id>
    <parentid>257</parentid>
    <timestamp>2010-02-22T19:40:15Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="927" xml:space="preserve">==Mid-term report==
The Mid-term report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report2007-2009.pdf|here]].

==Important meetings==

===International Association of Geodesy School on Reference Frames===

June 7-12 2010, Aegean University, Mytilene, Lesvos  Island, Greece

See details at page [[Announcements| IAG School on Reference Frames ]].

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===

6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

See details at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
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    <text bytes="916" xml:space="preserve">==Mid-term report==
The Mid-term report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report2007-2009.pdf|here]].

==Important meetings==

===International Association of Geodesy School on Reference Frames===

June 7-12 2010, Aegean University, Mytilene, Lesvos  Island, Greece

See details at *[http://www.topo.auth.gr/IAG2010_RefSchool/]

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===

6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

See details at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
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    <text bytes="947" xml:space="preserve">==Mid-term report==
The Mid-term report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report2007-2009.pdf|here]].

==Important meetings==

===International Association of Geodesy School on Reference Frames===

June 7-12 2010, Aegean University, Mytilene, Lesvos  Island, Greece

See details at *[http://www.topo.auth.gr/IAG2010_RefSchool/ IAG School on Reference Frames]

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===

6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

See details at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
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    <text bytes="946" xml:space="preserve">==Mid-term report==
The Mid-term report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report2007-2009.pdf|here]].

==Important meetings==

===International Association of Geodesy School on Reference Frames===

June 7-12 2010, Aegean University, Mytilene, Lesvos  Island, Greece

See details at [http://www.topo.auth.gr/IAG2010_RefSchool/ IAG School on Reference Frames]

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===

6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

See details at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
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    <text bytes="5695" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 2, 3, 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations of the new space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth usually represented in the form of  time series which describe 1) changes of the surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land surface, variations of the ocean surface and ice covers, 2) the fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and, 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field as well as the variations of the centre of mass of the Earth. Geometry, Earth rotation and the gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The vision of GGOS is to integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, the temporal variations of Earth rotation and gravity/geoid represent the total, integral effect of all mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods are applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is necessary to apply time frequency analysis methods in order to analyze these time series in different frequency bands as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes e.g. by computing time frequency coherence between Earth’s rotation or the gravity field data and data representing the mass exchange between the atmosphere, ocean and hydrology. The techniques of time frequency spectrum and coherence may be developed further to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other data sources.

Geodetic time series may include for example variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, temporal variations of estimated orbit parameters.  Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level and ionosphere as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.  

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in the raw data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful.

Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods  for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction. 

Study of  Earth rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.  

Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.

Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series. 

Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages. 

Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

Launching of a web page with information concerning time series analysis and it application to geodetic time series with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis. 

Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions. 

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek, Poland, chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt, Germany&lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák, Czech Republic&lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski, Poland&lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski, Poland&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm, Austria&lt;br /&gt;Dawei Zheng, China&lt;br /&gt;Yonghong Zhou, China&lt;br /&gt;Mahmut O. Karslioglu, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Akyilmaz, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;Laura Fernandez, Argentina&lt;br /&gt;Richard Gross, USA&lt;br /&gt;Olivier de Viron, France&lt;br /&gt;Sergei Petrov, Russia&lt;br /&gt;Michel Van Camp, Belgium&lt;br /&gt;Hans Neuner, Germany&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="195" xml:space="preserve">The Mid-term report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[File:ICCT_Report2007-2009.pdf|here]].</text>
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  <title>IC SG1</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <parentid>136</parentid>
    <timestamp>2010-02-15T12:27:16Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="3875" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Theory, implementation and quality assessment of geodetic reference frames'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, IERS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

The realization of a reference system by means of a reference frame, in the form of coordinate time series or coordinate functions for a global set of control stations is a complicated procedure. It involves input data from various space techniques each one based on its own advanced modelling and observation analysis techniques, as well as, criteria for the optimal selection of the time evolution of the reference frame among all data compatible possibilities. The relevant “observed” coordinate time series demonstrate significant signals of periodic, non- periodic variations and discontinuities, which pose the challenge of departing from the current ITRF model of linear time evolution, realized by reference epoch coordinates and constant velocities. The final product needs proper quality measures, which take also into account the possible modelling discrepancies, systematic errors and noise level of each particular space technique. The connection with a celestial frame by means of earth orientation parameters (EOPs) and current geophysical plate motion hypotheses necessitate the study of the compatibility of the geodetically established reference system with reference systems introduced in theoretical studies of the earth rotation and in theoretical geophysics. The working group is primarily aiming in problem identification, outlining of possible solution directions and motivation of relevant scientific research. 

===Objectives===

* Study of models for time-continuous definitions of reference systems for discrete networks with a non-permanent set of points and their realization through discrete time series of station coordinate functions and related earth rotation parameters.
* Understanding the relation between such systems and reference systems implicitly introduced in theories of earth rotation and deformation.
* Extension of ITRF establishment procedures beyond the current linear (constant velocity) model, treatment of periodic and discontinuous station position variations, understanding of their geophysical origins and related models.
* Understanding the models used for data treatment within each particular technique, identification of possible biases and systematic effects and study of their influence on the combined ITRF solution. Study and improvement of current procedures for the merging of data from various space techniques. 
* Statistical aspects of reference frames, introduction and assessment of appropriate quality measures.
* Problems of mathematical compatibility within current celestial-to-terrestrial datum transformations and proposal of new conventions which are data-based and theoretically compatible.


===Program of activities===
* Launching of a web-page for dissemination of information, presentation, communication, outreach purposes, and providing a bibliography.
* Working meetings at international symposia and presentation of research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organization of workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and motivation of relevant scientific research.
* A special issue of the Journal of Geodesy on reference frames with papers from working group workshops and invited review papers.


===Membership===

'' '''Athanasios Dermanis, (Greece, Chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Zuheir Altamimi (France) &lt;br /&gt; Hermann Drewes (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Fernando Sansò (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Claude Boucher (France) &lt;br /&gt; Gerard Petit (France) &lt;br /&gt; Xavier Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt; Axel Nothnagel (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Erricos Pavlis (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Jim Ray (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frank Lemoine (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Geoff Blewitt (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Ludovico Biagi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Herring (U.S.A.) &lt;br /&gt; Pascal Willis (France) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, IERS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

The realization of a reference system by means of a reference frame, in the form of coordinate time series or coordinate functions for a global set of control stations is a complicated procedure. It involves input data from various space techniques each one based on its own advanced modelling and observation analysis techniques, as well as, criteria for the optimal selection of the time evolution of the reference frame among all data compatible possibilities. The relevant “observed” coordinate time series demonstrate significant signals of periodic, non- periodic variations and discontinuities, which pose the challenge of departing from the current ITRF model of linear time evolution, realized by reference epoch coordinates and constant velocities. The final product needs proper quality measures, which take also into account the possible modelling discrepancies, systematic errors and noise level of each particular space technique. The connection with a celestial frame by means of earth orientation parameters (EOPs) and current geophysical plate motion hypotheses necessitate the study of the compatibility of the geodetically established reference system with reference systems introduced in theoretical studies of the earth rotation and in theoretical geophysics. The working group is primarily aiming in problem identification, outlining of possible solution directions and motivation of relevant scientific research. 

===Objectives===

* Study of models for time-continuous definitions of reference systems for discrete networks with a non-permanent set of points and their realization through discrete time series of station coordinate functions and related earth rotation parameters.
* Understanding the relation between such systems and reference systems implicitly introduced in theories of earth rotation and deformation.
* Extension of ITRF establishment procedures beyond the current linear (constant velocity) model, treatment of periodic and discontinuous station position variations, understanding of their geophysical origins and related models.
* Understanding the models used for data treatment within each particular technique, identification of possible biases and systematic effects and study of their influence on the combined ITRF solution. Study and improvement of current procedures for the merging of data from various space techniques. 
* Statistical aspects of reference frames, introduction and assessment of appropriate quality measures.
* Problems of mathematical compatibility within current celestial-to-terrestrial datum transformations and proposal of new conventions which are data-based and theoretically compatible.


===Program of activities===
* Launching of a web-page for dissemination of information, presentation, communication, outreach purposes, and providing a bibliography.
* Working meetings at international symposia and presentation of research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organization of workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and motivation of relevant scientific research.
* A special issue of the Journal of Geodesy on reference frames with papers from working group workshops and invited review papers.


===Membership===

'' '''Athanasios Dermanis, (Greece, Chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Zuheir Altamimi (France) &lt;br /&gt; Hermann Drewes (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Fernando Sansò (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Claude Boucher (France) &lt;br /&gt; Gerard Petit (France) &lt;br /&gt; Xavier Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt; Axel Nothnagel (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Erricos Pavlis (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Jim Ray (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frank Lemoine (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Geoff Blewitt (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Ludovico Biagi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Herring (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Pascal Willis (France) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>IC SG3</title>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are necessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observation data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are their additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.

===Membership===
'' '''Florian Seitz, (Germany, Chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Jean Dickey (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mahdi Motagh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; XinXing Wang (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are necessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observation data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are their additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.

===Membership===
'' '''Florian Seitz, (Germany, Chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Jean Dickey (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mahdi Motagh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Xinxing Wang (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are necessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observation data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are their additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities are coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.

===Membership===
'' '''Florian Seitz, (Germany, Chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Jean Dickey (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mahdi Motagh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Xinxing Wang (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are necessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observation data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are their additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities are coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.

===Membership===
'' '''Florian Seitz, (Germany, Chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Sarah Abelen (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jean Dickey (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mahdi Motagh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Alka Singh (India) &lt;br /&gt; Xinxing Wang (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <timestamp>2010-12-15T09:36:05Z</timestamp>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are necessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observation data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are their additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities are coordinated between the participating scientists and are conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.

===Organized Meetings and Conference Sessions===

* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, Rome, Italy, July 6-10, 2009; Session 6: Earth oriented space techniques and their benefit for Earth system studies.
* Joint workshop of IC SGs 2 &amp; 3: QuGOMS'11 The 1st International Workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observation and Monitoring Systems, Munich, April 13-15, 2011.

===Membership===
'' '''Florian Seitz, (Germany, Chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Sarah Abelen (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jean Dickey (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mahdi Motagh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Alka Singh (India) &lt;br /&gt; Xinxing Wang (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4592" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Configuration analysis of Earth oriented space techniques'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 3, 2, 1''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Activities of the study group are focussed on modern methods of Earth observation from space. Today a multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives are available. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes within and/or between individual components of the Earth system in different temporal resolutions.

The general objective of this study group is the development of strategies how complementary and redundant information from heterogeneous observation types can be combined and analysed with respect to physical processes in the Earth system.

Most of the measurement techniques are restricted to the observation of integral effects of a multitude of underlying geophysical processes. It shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the separation of processes and the identification of individual contributors.

In particular the studies span geometrical observation techniques (e.g. point positioning systems, imaging radar systems), gravimetrical observation techniques (e.g. GRACE, GOCE) and sensors which allow for the direct observation of individual physical processes (e.g., IceSat, SMOS).

The combination of complementary and redundant observation types fosters and improves the understanding of the Earth system. This implies more reliable information on processes and interactions in the subsystems of the Earth which is especially necessary with regard to studies of global change.

Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

===Objectives===

* which processes in the Earth system are insufficiently known and which parameters are imprecisely determined?
* can the understanding of individual processes be improved by common analysis of different observations types?
* which are the target parameters and how are the connections with other variables?
* which sensors are available and sensitive for the target parameters?
* which sensors can be used to reduce unwanted signals?
* which are the accuracies, temporal and spatial resolutions of the different data sets and which regions and time spans are covered?
* are the data publicly available or is their access restricted?
* which pre-processing steps are necessary in order to extract the proper information from the raw observation data?
* have the data already been pre-processed? Which methods, models and conventions have been applied? Are there possible error sources or inconsistencies?
* which methods can be applied in order to enhance the information content (e.g. filters)?
* how can the heterogeneous observation types can be combined expediently?
* how do the observation equations look like?
* which methods for parameter estimation can be applied? How can linear dependencies between parameters and rank deficiency problems be solved?
* how can balance equations be regarded in the combination process (e.g. mass and energy balance)?
* are their additional information (models and terrestrial data) which can/must be considered?
* which of the desired parameters can be assessed with the available observation techniques?
* which further parameters are desired and how could appropriate missions for the future look like?

The research activities are coordinated between the participating scientists and are conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context.

===Organized Meetings and Conference Sessions===

* VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, Rome, Italy, July 6-10, 2009; Session 6: Earth oriented space techniques and their benefit for Earth system studies.
* Joint workshop of IC SGs 2 &amp; 3: QuGOMS'11 The 1st International Workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observation and Monitoring Systems, Munich, Germany, April 13-15, 2011.

===Membership===
'' '''Florian Seitz, (Germany, Chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Sarah Abelen (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jean Dickey (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mahdi Motagh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Alka Singh (India) &lt;br /&gt; Xinxing Wang (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>Report 2007-2011</title>
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  <title>Report 2007-2011</title>
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  <title>News</title>
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    <text bytes="1158" xml:space="preserve">==Report 2007-2011==
The report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report_2007-2011.pdf|here]].

==Report 2007-2009==
The Mid-term report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report2007-2009.pdf|here]].

==Important meetings==

===International Association of Geodesy School on Reference Frames===

June 7-12 2010, Aegean University, Mytilene, Lesvos  Island, Greece

See details at [http://www.topo.auth.gr/IAG2010_RefSchool/ IAG School on Reference Frames]

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===

6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

See details at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
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    <comment>/* Report 2007-2009 */</comment>
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    <text bytes="1167" xml:space="preserve">==Report 2007-2011==
The report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report_2007-2011.pdf|here]].

==Mid-term Report 2007-2009==
The Mid-term report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report2007-2009.pdf|here]].

==Important meetings==

===International Association of Geodesy School on Reference Frames===

June 7-12 2010, Aegean University, Mytilene, Lesvos  Island, Greece

See details at [http://www.topo.auth.gr/IAG2010_RefSchool/ IAG School on Reference Frames]

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===

6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

See details at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
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    <text bytes="1179" xml:space="preserve">==Final Report 2007-2011==
The Final Report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report_2007-2011.pdf|here]].

==Mid-term Report 2007-2009==
The Mid-term report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2007-2009 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Report2007-2009.pdf|here]].

==Important meetings==

===International Association of Geodesy School on Reference Frames===

June 7-12 2010, Aegean University, Mytilene, Lesvos  Island, Greece

See details at [http://www.topo.auth.gr/IAG2010_RefSchool/ IAG School on Reference Frames]

===VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy===

6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.

See details at page [[Announcements| Hotine-Marussi Symposium ]].

==Other meetings==
* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
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  <title>Vision</title>
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    <text bytes="2319" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities. In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011.
Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geo-desy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic mea-surements (i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and (ii) conse-quently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, the ICCT (1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and the theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; (2) provides the channel of commu-nication amongst the different IAG entities of commis-sions/services/projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; (3) helps the IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geo-desy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. The ICCT should strive to attract and serve as home to mathematically motivated/oriented geodesists and to applied mathematicians; and (4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of the Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understand-ing the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are
to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy,
to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy,
to monitor developments in geodetic methodology.
To achieve these objectives, the ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions, GGOS and other IAG related entities (services, projects).</text>
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    <text bytes="2650" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities. In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011.
Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geo-desy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic mea-surements (i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and (ii) conse-quently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, the ICCT (1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and the theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; (2) provides the channel of commu-nication amongst the different IAG entities of commis-sions/services/projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; (3) helps the IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geo-desy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. The ICCT should strive to attract and serve as home to mathematically motivated/oriented geodesists and to applied mathematicians; and (4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of the Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understand-ing the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are
to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy,
to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy,
to monitor developments in geodetic methodology.
To achieve these objectives, the ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions, GGOS and other IAG related entities (services, projects).


==Program of Activities==
The ICCT's program of activities include
participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences (IAG, EGU, AGU, …),
organization of a Hotine-Marussi symposium,
initiation of a summer school on theoretical geodesy,
maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
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The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities. In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements (i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and (ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, the ICCT (1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and the theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; (2) provides the channel of communication amongst the different IAG entities of commissions/services/projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; (3) helps the IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. The ICCT should strive to attract and serve as home to mathematically motivated/oriented geodesists and to applied mathematicians; and (4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of the Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are
to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy,
to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy,
to monitor developments in geodetic methodology.
To achieve these objectives, the ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions, GGOS and other IAG related entities (services, projects).


==Program of Activities==
The ICCT's program of activities include
participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences (IAG, EGU, AGU, …),
organization of a Hotine-Marussi symposium,
initiation of a summer school on theoretical geodesy,
maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
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    <text bytes="2648" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities. In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements (i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and (ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, the ICCT (1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and the theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; (2) provides the channel of communication amongst the different IAG entities (commissions, services and projects) on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; (3) helps the IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. The ICCT should strive to attract and serve as home to mathematically motivated/oriented geodesists and to applied mathematicians; and (4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of the Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are
to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy,
to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy,
to monitor developments in geodetic methodology.
To achieve these objectives, the ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions, GGOS and other IAG related entities (services, projects).


==Program of Activities==
The ICCT's program of activities include
participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences (IAG, EGU, AGU, …),
organization of a Hotine-Marussi symposium,
initiation of a summer school on theoretical geodesy,
maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
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  <title>Announcements</title>
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    <text bytes="754" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009}}
===[http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2009/homepage.asp|VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2009 on Theoretical Geodesy]===
''6–10 July 2009, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy''

See [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2009/homepage.asp web pages] of the Symposium.

The first circular letter is available in [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-marussi_Symposium_2009/download/firstcircular.pdf PDF].

'''Scientific Committee:'''
* N. Sneeuw
* P. Novak
* F. Sansò
* A. Dermanis
* H. Kutterer
* F. Seiz
* Y.M. Wang
* W. Kosek
* Z. Altamimi
* R. Gross
* S. Verhagen
* T. Mayer-Gürr

'''Local Organizing Committee:'''
* M. Crespi
* G. Colosimo
* F. Fratarcangeli
* A. Mazzoni
* F. Pieralice</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2011-05-03 08:18:27+00|364">
  <title>IC SG9</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>25</id>
  <revision>
    <id>333</id>
    <parentid>328</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-06-29T08:22:04Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Novak</username>
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    <text bytes="2893" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1 and IERS''

__TOC__
===Terms of Reference===

The realization of a reference system by means of a refer-ence frame, in the form of coordinate time series or coor-dinate functions for a global set of control stations is a complicated procedure. It involves input data from various space techniques each one based on its own advanced modelling and observation analysis techniques, as well as, criteria for the optimal selection of the time evolution of the reference frame among all data compatible possibili-ties.
The relevant “observed” coordinate time series demon-strate significant signals of periodic, non-periodic varia-tions and discontinuities, which pose the challenge of departing from the current ITRF model of linear time evo-lution, realized by reference epoch coordinates and con-stant velocities.

The remaining residual signal in coordinate variations is dominated by an almost periodic term with varying amplitude and phase, especially in the height component. The inclusion of additional terms in the ITRF model is an intricate problem that deserves further research and careful planning.
It is also important to understand the nature of these coor-dinate variations in order to adopt models that are mean-ingful from the geophysical point of view and not a simple fit to the observed data.
Since geophysical processes causing coordinate variations also cause variations in the gravity field, it is worthwhile to investigate the possibility of incorporating result results from space gravity missions in ITRF modelling.
The working group is primarily aiming in identification of new ITRF models, investigation of their performance and motivation of relevant scientific research.

===Objectives===

* Geophysical interpretation of non-linear coordinate variations and sevelopement of relevant models
* Extension of ITRF beyond the current linear (constant velocity) model, treatment of periodic and discontinuous station coordinate time series and establishment of proper procedures for estimation of extended ITRF parameters and quality assessment of the obtained results.


===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web-page for dissemination of informa-tion, presentation, communication, outreach purposes, and providing a bibliography.
* Working meetings at international symposia and pre-sentation of research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organization of workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and motivation of relevant scientific research.
* Organization of a second IAG School on Reference Frames.


===Membership===

'' '''Dermanis (Greece), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Z. Altamimi (France)&lt;br /&gt; X. Collilieux (France)&lt;br /&gt; H. Drewes (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; F. Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;T. van Dam (Luxembourg)&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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  <revision>
    <id>350</id>
    <parentid>333</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-06-29T08:22:25Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
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    <text bytes="2896" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1 and IERS''

__TOC__
===Terms of Reference===

The realization of a reference system by means of a refer-ence frame, in the form of coordinate time series or coor-dinate functions for a global set of control stations is a complicated procedure. It involves input data from various space techniques each one based on its own advanced modelling and observation analysis techniques, as well as, criteria for the optimal selection of the time evolution of the reference frame among all data compatible possibili-ties.
The relevant “observed” coordinate time series demon-strate significant signals of periodic, non-periodic varia-tions and discontinuities, which pose the challenge of departing from the current ITRF model of linear time evo-lution, realized by reference epoch coordinates and con-stant velocities.

The remaining residual signal in coordinate variations is dominated by an almost periodic term with varying amplitude and phase, especially in the height component. The inclusion of additional terms in the ITRF model is an intricate problem that deserves further research and careful planning.
It is also important to understand the nature of these coor-dinate variations in order to adopt models that are mean-ingful from the geophysical point of view and not a simple fit to the observed data.
Since geophysical processes causing coordinate variations also cause variations in the gravity field, it is worthwhile to investigate the possibility of incorporating result results from space gravity missions in ITRF modelling.
The working group is primarily aiming in identification of new ITRF models, investigation of their performance and motivation of relevant scientific research.

===Objectives===

* Geophysical interpretation of non-linear coordinate variations and sevelopement of relevant models
* Extension of ITRF beyond the current linear (constant velocity) model, treatment of periodic and discontinuous station coordinate time series and establishment of proper procedures for estimation of extended ITRF parameters and quality assessment of the obtained results.


===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web-page for dissemination of informa-tion, presentation, communication, outreach purposes, and providing a bibliography.
* Working meetings at international symposia and pre-sentation of research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organization of workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and motivation of relevant scientific research.
* Organization of a second IAG School on Reference Frames.


===Membership===

'' '''A. Dermanis (Greece), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Z. Altamimi (France)&lt;br /&gt; X. Collilieux (France)&lt;br /&gt; H. Drewes (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; F. Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;T. van Dam (Luxembourg)&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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  <revision>
    <id>334</id>
    <parentid>333</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-06-29T10:35:06Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="2905" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.9: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1 and IERS''

__TOC__
===Terms of Reference===

The realization of a reference system by means of a refer-ence frame, in the form of coordinate time series or coor-dinate functions for a global set of control stations is a complicated procedure. It involves input data from various space techniques each one based on its own advanced modelling and observation analysis techniques, as well as, criteria for the optimal selection of the time evolution of the reference frame among all data compatible possibili-ties.
The relevant “observed” coordinate time series demon-strate significant signals of periodic, non-periodic varia-tions and discontinuities, which pose the challenge of departing from the current ITRF model of linear time evo-lution, realized by reference epoch coordinates and con-stant velocities.

The remaining residual signal in coordinate variations is dominated by an almost periodic term with varying amplitude and phase, especially in the height component. The inclusion of additional terms in the ITRF model is an intricate problem that deserves further research and careful planning.
It is also important to understand the nature of these coor-dinate variations in order to adopt models that are mean-ingful from the geophysical point of view and not a simple fit to the observed data.
Since geophysical processes causing coordinate variations also cause variations in the gravity field, it is worthwhile to investigate the possibility of incorporating result results from space gravity missions in ITRF modelling.
The working group is primarily aiming in identification of new ITRF models, investigation of their performance and motivation of relevant scientific research.

===Objectives===

* Geophysical interpretation of non-linear coordinate variations and sevelopement of relevant models
* Extension of ITRF beyond the current linear (constant velocity) model, treatment of periodic and discontinuous station coordinate time series and establishment of proper procedures for estimation of extended ITRF parameters and quality assessment of the obtained results.


===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web-page for dissemination of informa-tion, presentation, communication, outreach purposes, and providing a bibliography.
* Working meetings at international symposia and pre-sentation of research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organization of workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and motivation of relevant scientific research.
* Organization of a second IAG School on Reference Frames.


===Membership===

'' '''A. Dermanis (Greece), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Z. Altamimi (France)&lt;br /&gt; X. Collilieux (France)&lt;br /&gt; H. Drewes (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; F. Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;T. van Dam (Luxembourg)&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2011-05-03 08:18:27+00|364">
  <title>Organization</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="1047" xml:space="preserve">=== Steering comitee ===

'''President:''' ''Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vice-President:''' ''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 1: T. van Dam (Luxembourg)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 2: U. Marti (Switzerland)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 3: Richard Gross (USA)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 4: D. Brzezinska (USA)''&lt;br /&gt;
''GGOS: H. Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;

=== President ===

 '''Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nico Sneeuw'''
 Institute of Geodesy
 Universität Stuttgart
 Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24/D
 D-70174 Stuttgart
 Germany
 Phone: ++49 711 68583389
 Fax: ++49 711 68583285
 Email: [mailto:nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de]
 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/gi/institute/mitarbeiter/sneeuw.html

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2011-05-03 08:18:27+00|364">
  <title>Study groups</title>
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    <text bytes="1696" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.1: Application of time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''GGOS and all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of height system realization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.3: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Schmidt, Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.4: Coordinate systems in numerical weather models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Th. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.5: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral geodetic signals''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.6: Applicability of current GRACE solution strate-gies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.7: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.8: Earth system interaction from space geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.9: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>0e351c87a673e66f7354c931ed6580d9fe62f938</sha1>
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    <timestamp>2012-07-02T08:55:15Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
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    <text bytes="1695" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.1: Application of time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''GGOS and all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of height system realization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.3: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Schmidt, Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.4: Coordinate systems in numerical weather models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Th. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.5: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral geodetic signals''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.6: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.7: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.8: Earth system interaction from space geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.9: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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  <title>IC SG1</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>8</id>
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    <text bytes="6959" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.1: Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''GGOS, all commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations provided by modern space geodetic tech-niques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth. Such observations are usually represented as time series which describe (1) changes of surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and verti-cal deformations of the land, ocean and cryosphere, (2) fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into pre-cession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and (3) variations of the Earth’s gravitational field and the centre of mass of the Earth. The vision and goal of GGOS is to understand the dynamic Earth’s system by quantifying our planet’s changes in space and time and integrate all obser-vations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. To meet the GGOS requirements, all temporal variations of the Earth’s dynamics – which represent the total and hence integral effect of mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology – should be properly described by time series methods.
Various time series methods have been applied to analyze such geodetic and related geophysical time series in order to better understand the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex, thus the nature of the considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Therefore, the application of time frequency analysis methods based on wavelet coefficients – e.g. time-fre-quency cross-spectra, coherence and semblance – is neces-sary to reliably detect the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals included in various geodetic data, and other associated geophysical data.
Geodetic time series may include, for instance, temporal variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, masses in specific water storage compartments or estimated orbit parameters as well as sur-face data including gravity field, sea level and ionosphere maps. The main problems to be scrutinized concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random fluctuations) components of the time series along with the application of the appropriate digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth. The application of semblance filtering enables to compute the common signals, understood in frame of the time-frequency approach, which are embedded in vari-ous geodetic/geophysical time series.
Numerous methods of time series analysis may be em-ployed for processing raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of signal enhancement. The issue of improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered. In-deed, they may either affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data or the real-time pro-cessing and prediction.
The development of combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data processing, including multi-mission sensor data, is also very important. Numerous observation techniques, providing data with different spatial and temporal resolutions and scales, can be combined to com-pute the most reliable geodetic products. It is now known that incorporating space variables in the process of geo-detic time series modelling and prediction can lead to a significant improvement of the prediction performance. Usually multi-sensor data comprises a large number of individual effects, e.g. oceanic, atmospheric and hydro-logical contributions. In Earth system analysis one key point at present and in the future will be the development of separation techniques. In this context principal compo-nent analysis and related techniques can be applied.


===Objectives===

* To study geodetic time series and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands using time series analysis methods, mainly for better understanding of their causes and prediction improvement.
* The evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices corre-sponding to the time series by applying the law of error propagation, including weighting schemes, regulariza-tion, etc.
* Determining statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* The comparison of different time series analysis methods and their recommendation, with a particular emphasis put on solving problems concerning specific geodetic data.
* Developing and implementing the algorithms – aiming to seek and utilize spatio-temporal correlations – for geo-detic time series modelling and prediction.
* Better understanding of how large-scale environmental processes, such as for instance oceanic and atmospheric oscillations and climate change, impact modelling strate-gies employed for numerous geodetic data.
* Developing combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data obtained from different geodetic observa-tions.
* Developing separation techniques for integral measure-ments in individual contributions.


===Program of activities===
Updating the webpage, so that the information on time series analysis and its application in geodesy (including relevant multidisciplinary publications and the unification of terminology applied in time series analysis) will be available.
Participating in working meetings at the international sym-posia and presenting scientific results at the appropriate sessions.
Collaboration with other working groups dealing with geo-detic time-series e.g. Cost ES0701 Improved constraints on models of GIA or the Climate Change Working Group.

===Members===

'' '''Athanasios Dermanis, (Greece, Chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Zuheir Altamimi (France) &lt;br /&gt; Hermann Drewes (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Fernando Sansò (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Claude Boucher (France) &lt;br /&gt; Gerard Petit (France) &lt;br /&gt; Xavier Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt; Axel Nothnagel (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Erricos Pavlis (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Jim Ray (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frank Lemoine (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Geoff Blewitt (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Ludovico Biagi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Herring (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Pascal Willis (France) &lt;br /&gt;''

'' '''W. Kosek (Poland), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; R. Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt; O. Akyilmaz (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; J. Böhm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fernandez (Argentina)&lt;br /&gt; R. Gross (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kalarus (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. O. Karslioglu (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; H. Neuner (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; T. Niedzielski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; S. Petrov (Russia)&lt;br /&gt; W. Popinski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; M. van Camp (Belgium)&lt;br /&gt; O. de Viron (France)&lt;br /&gt; J. Vondrák (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; D. Zheng (China)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Zhou (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6492" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.1: Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''GGOS, all commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations provided by modern space geodetic tech-niques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth. Such observations are usually represented as time series which describe (1) changes of surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and verti-cal deformations of the land, ocean and cryosphere, (2) fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into pre-cession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and (3) variations of the Earth’s gravitational field and the centre of mass of the Earth. The vision and goal of GGOS is to understand the dynamic Earth’s system by quantifying our planet’s changes in space and time and integrate all obser-vations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. To meet the GGOS requirements, all temporal variations of the Earth’s dynamics – which represent the total and hence integral effect of mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology – should be properly described by time series methods.
Various time series methods have been applied to analyze such geodetic and related geophysical time series in order to better understand the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex, thus the nature of the considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Therefore, the application of time frequency analysis methods based on wavelet coefficients – e.g. time-fre-quency cross-spectra, coherence and semblance – is neces-sary to reliably detect the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals included in various geodetic data, and other associated geophysical data.
Geodetic time series may include, for instance, temporal variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, masses in specific water storage compartments or estimated orbit parameters as well as sur-face data including gravity field, sea level and ionosphere maps. The main problems to be scrutinized concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random fluctuations) components of the time series along with the application of the appropriate digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth. The application of semblance filtering enables to compute the common signals, understood in frame of the time-frequency approach, which are embedded in vari-ous geodetic/geophysical time series.
Numerous methods of time series analysis may be em-ployed for processing raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of signal enhancement. The issue of improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered. In-deed, they may either affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data or the real-time pro-cessing and prediction.
The development of combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data processing, including multi-mission sensor data, is also very important. Numerous observation techniques, providing data with different spatial and temporal resolutions and scales, can be combined to com-pute the most reliable geodetic products. It is now known that incorporating space variables in the process of geo-detic time series modelling and prediction can lead to a significant improvement of the prediction performance. Usually multi-sensor data comprises a large number of individual effects, e.g. oceanic, atmospheric and hydro-logical contributions. In Earth system analysis one key point at present and in the future will be the development of separation techniques. In this context principal compo-nent analysis and related techniques can be applied.


===Objectives===

* To study geodetic time series and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands using time series analysis methods, mainly for better understanding of their causes and prediction improvement.
* The evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices corre-sponding to the time series by applying the law of error propagation, including weighting schemes, regulariza-tion, etc.
* Determining statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* The comparison of different time series analysis methods and their recommendation, with a particular emphasis put on solving problems concerning specific geodetic data.
* Developing and implementing the algorithms – aiming to seek and utilize spatio-temporal correlations – for geo-detic time series modelling and prediction.
* Better understanding of how large-scale environmental processes, such as for instance oceanic and atmospheric oscillations and climate change, impact modelling strate-gies employed for numerous geodetic data.
* Developing combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data obtained from different geodetic observa-tions.
* Developing separation techniques for integral measure-ments in individual contributions.


===Program of activities===
Updating the webpage, so that the information on time series analysis and its application in geodesy (including relevant multidisciplinary publications and the unification of terminology applied in time series analysis) will be available.
Participating in working meetings at the international sym-posia and presenting scientific results at the appropriate sessions.
Collaboration with other working groups dealing with geo-detic time-series e.g. Cost ES0701 Improved constraints on models of GIA or the Climate Change Working Group.

===Members===

'' '''W. Kosek (Poland), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; R. Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt; O. Akyilmaz (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; J. Böhm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fernandez (Argentina)&lt;br /&gt; R. Gross (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kalarus (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. O. Karslioglu (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; H. Neuner (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; T. Niedzielski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; S. Petrov (Russia)&lt;br /&gt; W. Popinski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; M. van Camp (Belgium)&lt;br /&gt; O. de Viron (France)&lt;br /&gt; J. Vondrák (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; D. Zheng (China)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Zhou (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''GGOS, all commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations provided by modern space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth. Such observations are usually represented as time series which describe (1) changes of surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land, ocean and cryosphere, (2) fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and (3) variations of the Earth’s gravitational field and the centre of mass of the Earth. The vision and goal of GGOS is to understand the dynamic Earth’s system by quantifying our planet’s changes in space and time and integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. To meet the GGOS requirements, all temporal variations of the Earth’s dynamics – which represent the total and hence integral effect of mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology – should be properly described by time series methods.

Various time series methods have been applied to analyze such geodetic and related geophysical time series in order to better understand the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex, thus the nature of the considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Therefore, the application of time frequency analysis methods based on wavelet coefficients – e.g. time-frequency cross-spectra, coherence and semblance – is necessary to reliably detect the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals included in various geodetic data, and other associated geophysical data.

Geodetic time series may include, for instance, temporal variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, masses in specific water storage compartments or estimated orbit parameters as well as surface data including gravity field, sea level and ionosphere maps. The main problems to be scrutinized concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random fluctuations) components of the time series along with the application of the appropriate digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth. The application of semblance filtering enables to compute the common signals, understood in frame of the time-frequency approach, which are embedded in various geodetic/geophysical time series.

Numerous methods of time series analysis may be employed for processing raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of signal enhancement. The issue of improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered. Indeed, they may either affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data or the real-time processing and prediction.

The development of combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data processing, including multi-mission sensor data, is also very important. Numerous observation techniques, providing data with different spatial and temporal resolutions and scales, can be combined to compute the most reliable geodetic products. It is now known that incorporating space variables in the process of geodetic time series modelling and prediction can lead to a significant improvement of the prediction performance. Usually multi-sensor data comprises a large number of individual effects, e.g., oceanic, atmospheric and hydrological contributions. In Earth system analysis one key point at present and in the future will be the development of separation techniques. In this context principal component analysis and related techniques can be applied.

===Objectives===

* To study geodetic time series and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands using time series analysis methods, mainly for better understanding of their causes and prediction improvement.
* The evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices corre-sponding to the time series by applying the law of error propagation, including weighting schemes, regulariza-tion, etc.
* Determining statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* The comparison of different time series analysis methods and their recommendation, with a particular emphasis put on solving problems concerning specific geodetic data.
* Developing and implementing the algorithms – aiming to seek and utilize spatio-temporal correlations – for geo-detic time series modelling and prediction.
* Better understanding of how large-scale environmental processes, such as for instance oceanic and atmospheric oscillations and climate change, impact modelling strate-gies employed for numerous geodetic data.
* Developing combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data obtained from different geodetic observa-tions.
* Developing separation techniques for integral measure-ments in individual contributions.


===Program of activities===
Updating the webpage, so that the information on time series analysis and its application in geodesy (including relevant multidisciplinary publications and the unification of terminology applied in time series analysis) will be available.
Participating in working meetings at the international sym-posia and presenting scientific results at the appropriate sessions.
Collaboration with other working groups dealing with geo-detic time-series e.g. Cost ES0701 Improved constraints on models of GIA or the Climate Change Working Group.

===Members===

'' '''W. Kosek (Poland), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; R. Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt; O. Akyilmaz (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; J. Böhm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fernandez (Argentina)&lt;br /&gt; R. Gross (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kalarus (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. O. Karslioglu (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; H. Neuner (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; T. Niedzielski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; S. Petrov (Russia)&lt;br /&gt; W. Popinski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; M. van Camp (Belgium)&lt;br /&gt; O. de Viron (France)&lt;br /&gt; J. Vondrák (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; D. Zheng (China)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Zhou (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''GGOS, all commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations provided by modern space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth. Such observations are usually represented as time series which describe (1) changes of surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land, ocean and cryosphere, (2) fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and (3) variations of the Earth’s gravitational field and the centre of mass of the Earth. The vision and goal of GGOS is to understand the dynamic Earth’s system by quantifying our planet’s changes in space and time and integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. To meet the GGOS requirements, all temporal variations of the Earth’s dynamics – which represent the total and hence integral effect of mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology – should be properly described by time series methods.

Various time series methods have been applied to analyze such geodetic and related geophysical time series in order to better understand the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex, thus the nature of the considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Therefore, the application of time frequency analysis methods based on wavelet coefficients – e.g. time-frequency cross-spectra, coherence and semblance – is necessary to reliably detect the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals included in various geodetic data, and other associated geophysical data.

Geodetic time series may include, for instance, temporal variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, masses in specific water storage compartments or estimated orbit parameters as well as surface data including gravity field, sea level and ionosphere maps. The main problems to be scrutinized concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random fluctuations) components of the time series along with the application of the appropriate digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth. The application of semblance filtering enables to compute the common signals, understood in frame of the time-frequency approach, which are embedded in various geodetic/geophysical time series.

Numerous methods of time series analysis may be employed for processing raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of signal enhancement. The issue of improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered. Indeed, they may either affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data or the real-time processing and prediction.

The development of combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data processing, including multi-mission sensor data, is also very important. Numerous observation techniques, providing data with different spatial and temporal resolutions and scales, can be combined to compute the most reliable geodetic products. It is now known that incorporating space variables in the process of geodetic time series modelling and prediction can lead to a significant improvement of the prediction performance. Usually multi-sensor data comprises a large number of individual effects, e.g., oceanic, atmospheric and hydrological contributions. In Earth system analysis one key point at present and in the future will be the development of separation techniques. In this context principal component analysis and related techniques can be applied.

===Objectives===

* To study geodetic time series and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands using time series analysis methods, mainly for better understanding of their causes and prediction improvement.
* The evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices corresponding to the time series by applying the law of error propagation, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.
* Determining statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* The comparison of different time series analysis methods and their recommendation, with a particular emphasis put on solving problems concerning specific geodetic data.
* Developing and implementing the algorithms – aiming to seek and utilize spatio-temporal correlations – for geodetic time series modelling and prediction.
* Better understanding of how large-scale environmental processes, such as for instance oceanic and atmospheric oscillations and climate change, impact modelling strategies employed for numerous geodetic data.
* Developing combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data obtained from different geodetic observa-tions.
* Developing separation techniques for integral measurements in individual contributions.

===Program of activities===
Updating the webpage, so that the information on time series analysis and its application in geodesy (including relevant multidisciplinary publications and the unification of terminology applied in time series analysis) will be available.
Participating in working meetings at the international sym-posia and presenting scientific results at the appropriate sessions.
Collaboration with other working groups dealing with geo-detic time-series e.g. Cost ES0701 Improved constraints on models of GIA or the Climate Change Working Group.

===Members===

'' '''W. Kosek (Poland), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; R. Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt; O. Akyilmaz (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; J. Böhm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fernandez (Argentina)&lt;br /&gt; R. Gross (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kalarus (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. O. Karslioglu (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; H. Neuner (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; T. Niedzielski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; S. Petrov (Russia)&lt;br /&gt; W. Popinski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; M. van Camp (Belgium)&lt;br /&gt; O. de Viron (France)&lt;br /&gt; J. Vondrák (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; D. Zheng (China)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Zhou (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''GGOS, all commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations provided by modern space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth. Such observations are usually represented as time series which describe (1) changes of surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land, ocean and cryosphere, (2) fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and (3) variations of the Earth’s gravitational field and the centre of mass of the Earth. The vision and goal of GGOS is to understand the dynamic Earth’s system by quantifying our planet’s changes in space and time and integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. To meet the GGOS requirements, all temporal variations of the Earth’s dynamics – which represent the total and hence integral effect of mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology – should be properly described by time series methods.

Various time series methods have been applied to analyze such geodetic and related geophysical time series in order to better understand the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex, thus the nature of the considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Therefore, the application of time frequency analysis methods based on wavelet coefficients – e.g. time-frequency cross-spectra, coherence and semblance – is necessary to reliably detect the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals included in various geodetic data, and other associated geophysical data.

Geodetic time series may include, for instance, temporal variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, masses in specific water storage compartments or estimated orbit parameters as well as surface data including gravity field, sea level and ionosphere maps. The main problems to be scrutinized concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random fluctuations) components of the time series along with the application of the appropriate digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth. The application of semblance filtering enables to compute the common signals, understood in frame of the time-frequency approach, which are embedded in various geodetic/geophysical time series.

Numerous methods of time series analysis may be employed for processing raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of signal enhancement. The issue of improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered. Indeed, they may either affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data or the real-time processing and prediction.

The development of combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data processing, including multi-mission sensor data, is also very important. Numerous observation techniques, providing data with different spatial and temporal resolutions and scales, can be combined to compute the most reliable geodetic products. It is now known that incorporating space variables in the process of geodetic time series modelling and prediction can lead to a significant improvement of the prediction performance. Usually multi-sensor data comprises a large number of individual effects, e.g., oceanic, atmospheric and hydrological contributions. In Earth system analysis one key point at present and in the future will be the development of separation techniques. In this context principal component analysis and related techniques can be applied.

===Objectives===

* To study geodetic time series and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands using time series analysis methods, mainly for better understanding of their causes and prediction improvement.
* The evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices corresponding to the time series by applying the law of error propagation, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.
* Determining statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* The comparison of different time series analysis methods and their recommendation, with a particular emphasis put on solving problems concerning specific geodetic data.
* Developing and implementing the algorithms – aiming to seek and utilize spatio-temporal correlations – for geodetic time series modelling and prediction.
* Better understanding of how large-scale environmental processes, such as for instance oceanic and atmospheric oscillations and climate change, impact modelling strategies employed for numerous geodetic data.
* Developing combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data obtained from different geodetic observations.
* Developing separation techniques for integral measurements in individual contributions.

===Program of activities===
Updating the webpage, so that the information on time series analysis and its application in geodesy (including relevant multidisciplinary publications and the unification of terminology applied in time series analysis) will be available.
Participating in working meetings at the international sym-posia and presenting scientific results at the appropriate sessions.
Collaboration with other working groups dealing with geo-detic time-series e.g. Cost ES0701 Improved constraints on models of GIA or the Climate Change Working Group.

===Members===

'' '''W. Kosek (Poland), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; R. Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt; O. Akyilmaz (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; J. Böhm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fernandez (Argentina)&lt;br /&gt; R. Gross (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kalarus (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. O. Karslioglu (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; H. Neuner (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; T. Niedzielski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; S. Petrov (Russia)&lt;br /&gt; W. Popinski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; M. van Camp (Belgium)&lt;br /&gt; O. de Viron (France)&lt;br /&gt; J. Vondrák (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; D. Zheng (China)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Zhou (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''GGOS, all commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations provided by modern space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth. Such observations are usually represented as time series which describe (1) changes of surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land, ocean and cryosphere, (2) fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and (3) variations of the Earth’s gravitational field and the centre of mass of the Earth. The vision and goal of GGOS is to understand the dynamic Earth’s system by quantifying our planet’s changes in space and time and integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. To meet the GGOS requirements, all temporal variations of the Earth’s dynamics – which represent the total and hence integral effect of mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology – should be properly described by time series methods.

Various time series methods have been applied to analyze such geodetic and related geophysical time series in order to better understand the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex, thus the nature of the considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Therefore, the application of time frequency analysis methods based on wavelet coefficients – e.g. time-frequency cross-spectra, coherence and semblance – is necessary to reliably detect the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals included in various geodetic data, and other associated geophysical data.

Geodetic time series may include, for instance, temporal variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, masses in specific water storage compartments or estimated orbit parameters as well as surface data including gravity field, sea level and ionosphere maps. The main problems to be scrutinized concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random fluctuations) components of the time series along with the application of the appropriate digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth. The application of semblance filtering enables to compute the common signals, understood in frame of the time-frequency approach, which are embedded in various geodetic/geophysical time series.

Numerous methods of time series analysis may be employed for processing raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of signal enhancement. The issue of improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered. Indeed, they may either affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data or the real-time processing and prediction.

The development of combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data processing, including multi-mission sensor data, is also very important. Numerous observation techniques, providing data with different spatial and temporal resolutions and scales, can be combined to compute the most reliable geodetic products. It is now known that incorporating space variables in the process of geodetic time series modelling and prediction can lead to a significant improvement of the prediction performance. Usually multi-sensor data comprises a large number of individual effects, e.g., oceanic, atmospheric and hydrological contributions. In Earth system analysis one key point at present and in the future will be the development of separation techniques. In this context principal component analysis and related techniques can be applied.

===Objectives===

* To study geodetic time series and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands using time series analysis methods, mainly for better understanding of their causes and prediction improvement.
* The evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices corresponding to the time series by applying the law of error propagation, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.
* Determining statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* The comparison of different time series analysis methods and their recommendation, with a particular emphasis put on solving problems concerning specific geodetic data.
* Developing and implementing the algorithms – aiming to seek and utilize spatio-temporal correlations – for geodetic time series modelling and prediction.
* Better understanding of how large-scale environmental processes, such as for instance oceanic and atmospheric oscillations and climate change, impact modelling strategies employed for numerous geodetic data.
* Developing combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data obtained from different geodetic observations.
* Developing separation techniques for integral measurements in individual contributions.

===Program of activities===
Updating the webpage, so that the information on time series analysis and its application in geodesy (including relevant multidisciplinary publications and the unification of terminology applied in time series analysis) will be available.
Participating in working meetings at the international symposia and presenting scientific results at the appropriate sessions.
Collaboration with other working groups dealing with geodetic time-series, e.g., Cost ES0701 Improved constraints on models of GIA or the Climate Change Working Group.

===Members===

'' '''W. Kosek (Poland), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; R. Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt; O. Akyilmaz (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; J. Böhm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fernandez (Argentina)&lt;br /&gt; R. Gross (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kalarus (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. O. Karslioglu (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; H. Neuner (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; T. Niedzielski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; S. Petrov (Russia)&lt;br /&gt; W. Popinski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; M. van Camp (Belgium)&lt;br /&gt; O. de Viron (France)&lt;br /&gt; J. Vondrák (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; D. Zheng (China)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Zhou (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4363" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of world height system realization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Description of the Earth’s gravity field still remains a major research topic in geodesy. The main goal is to pro-vide reliable global models covering all spatially-temporal frequencies of its scalar parameterization through the gravity potential. Detailed and accurate gravity field models are required for proper positioning and orientation of geodetic sensors (data geo-referencing). Geometric properties of the gravity field are then studied including those of its equipotential surfaces and their respective sur-face normals, since they play a fundamental role in defini-tion and realization of geodetic reference systems. Gravity field models will be applied for definition and realization of a vertical reference system (currently under construc-tion) that will support studies of the Earth system.
This study group is an entity of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory. It is affiliated to Commissions 1 (Reference Frames) and 2 (Gravity Field); its close co-operation with GGOS Theme 1 “Unified Global Height System” is anticipated. It aims at bringing together scien-tists concerned namely with theoretical aspects in the areas of interest specified below.

===Objectives===

* Considering different types and large amounts of gravity-related data available today, large variety of gravity field models and the ongoing IAG project of realizing a world height system (WHS), this study group shall focuses on theoretical aspects related to the following (non-exhaustive to WHS) list of problems:
* To study available gravity field models in terms of their available resolution, accuracy and stability for the pur-pose of WHS realization.
* To define a role of a conventional model of the Earth’s gravity field (EGM) to be used for WHS realization in-cluding its scale parameters.
* To study relations between an adopted conventional EGM and parameters of a geocentric reference ellipsoid of revolution approximating a time invariant equipoten-tial surface of the adopted EGM aligned to reduced observables of mean sea level.
* To study theoretical aspects of various methods proposed for WHS definition and realization including investiga-tions on tidal system effects.
To investigate combination of heterogeneous gravity field observables by using spatial inversion, spherical radial functions, collocation, wavelets, etc. and by taking into account their sampling geometry, spectral and stochastic properties.
* To investigate methods of gravity field modelling based on combination of global gravitational models, ground and airborne gravity, GNSS/levelling height differences, altimetry data, deflections of the vertical, etc.
* To study stable, accurate and efficient methods for con-tinuation of gravity field parameters including space-borne observables of type GRACE and GOCE.
* To advance theory and methods for solving various initial and boundary value problems (I/BVP) in geodesy.
* To study methods for gravity potential estimation based on its measured directional derivatives (gravity, gravity gradients) by exploiting advantages of simultaneous con-tinuation and inversion of observations.
* To investigate requirements for gravity data (stochastic properties, spatially-temporal sampling, spectral content etc.) in terms of their specific geodetic applications.

===Program of Activities===

Active participation at major geodetic conferences and meetings.
Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013.
Co-operation with affiliated IAG Commissions and GGOS.
Electronic exchange of ideas and thoughts through a SG web page.
Monitoring activities of SG members and external individuals related to SG.
Compiling bibliography in the area of SG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic), chair'''&lt;br&gt;Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br&gt;Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)&lt;br&gt;Heiner Denker (Germany)&lt;br&gt;Will Featherstone (Australia)&lt;br&gt;René Forsberg (Denmark)&lt;br&gt;Bernhard Heck (Germany)&lt;br&gt;Jianliang Huang (Canada)&lt;br&gt;
Christopher Jekeli (USA)&lt;br&gt;Dan Roman (USA)&lt;br&gt;Fernando Sansò (Italy)&lt;br&gt;Michael G Sideris (Canada)&lt;br&gt;Lars Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br&gt;
Robert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br&gt;Yan-Ming Wang (USA)&lt;br&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4393" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of world height system realization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Description of the Earth’s gravity field still remains a major research topic in geodesy. The main goal is to pro-vide reliable global models covering all spatially-temporal frequencies of its scalar parameterization through the gravity potential. Detailed and accurate gravity field models are required for proper positioning and orientation of geodetic sensors (data geo-referencing). Geometric properties of the gravity field are then studied including those of its equipotential surfaces and their respective sur-face normals, since they play a fundamental role in defini-tion and realization of geodetic reference systems. Gravity field models will be applied for definition and realization of a vertical reference system (currently under construc-tion) that will support studies of the Earth system.
This study group is an entity of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory. It is affiliated to Commissions 1 (Reference Frames) and 2 (Gravity Field); its close co-operation with GGOS Theme 1 “Unified Global Height System” is anticipated. It aims at bringing together scien-tists concerned namely with theoretical aspects in the areas of interest specified below.

===Objectives===

* Considering different types and large amounts of gravity-related data available today, large variety of gravity field models and the ongoing IAG project of realizing a world height system (WHS), this study group shall focuses on theoretical aspects related to the following (non-exhaustive to WHS) list of problems:
* To study available gravity field models in terms of their available resolution, accuracy and stability for the pur-pose of WHS realization.
* To define a role of a conventional model of the Earth’s gravity field (EGM) to be used for WHS realization in-cluding its scale parameters.
* To study relations between an adopted conventional EGM and parameters of a geocentric reference ellipsoid of revolution approximating a time invariant equipoten-tial surface of the adopted EGM aligned to reduced observables of mean sea level.
* To study theoretical aspects of various methods proposed for WHS definition and realization including investiga-tions on tidal system effects.
To investigate combination of heterogeneous gravity field observables by using spatial inversion, spherical radial functions, collocation, wavelets, etc. and by taking into account their sampling geometry, spectral and stochastic properties.
* To investigate methods of gravity field modelling based on combination of global gravitational models, ground and airborne gravity, GNSS/levelling height differences, altimetry data, deflections of the vertical, etc.
* To study stable, accurate and efficient methods for con-tinuation of gravity field parameters including space-borne observables of type GRACE and GOCE.
* To advance theory and methods for solving various initial and boundary value problems (I/BVP) in geodesy.
* To study methods for gravity potential estimation based on its measured directional derivatives (gravity, gravity gradients) by exploiting advantages of simultaneous con-tinuation and inversion of observations.
* To investigate requirements for gravity data (stochastic properties, spatially-temporal sampling, spectral content etc.) in terms of their specific geodetic applications.

===Program of Activities===

Active participation at major geodetic conferences and meetings.
Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013.
Co-operation with affiliated IAG Commissions and GGOS.
Electronic exchange of ideas and thoughts through a SG web page.
Monitoring activities of SG members and external individuals related to SG.
Compiling bibliography in the area of SG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt;Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;Heiner Denker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Will Featherstone (Australia)&lt;br /&gt;René Forsberg (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Bernhard Heck (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Jianliang Huang (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;
Christopher Jekeli (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Dan Roman (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;Michael G Sideris (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Lars Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;
Robert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;Yan-Ming Wang (USA)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4388" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of world height system realization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Description of the Earth’s gravity field still remains a major research topic in geodesy. The main goal is to provide reliable global models covering all spatially-temporal frequencies of its scalar parameterization through the gravity potential. Detailed and accurate gravity field models are required for proper positioning and orientation of geodetic sensors (data geo-referencing). Geometric properties of the gravity field are then studied including those of its equipotential surfaces and their respective surface normals, since they play a fundamental role in definition and realization of geodetic reference systems. Gravity field models will be applied for definition and realization of a vertical reference system (currently under construction) that will support studies of the Earth system.
This study group is an entity of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory. It is affiliated to Commissions 1 (Reference Frames) and 2 (Gravity Field); its close co-operation with GGOS Theme 1 “Unified Global Height System” is anticipated. It aims at bringing together scientists concerned namely with theoretical aspects in the areas of interest specified below.

===Objectives===

* Considering different types and large amounts of gravity-related data available today, large variety of gravity field models and the ongoing IAG project of realizing a world height system (WHS), this study group shall focuses on theoretical aspects related to the following (non-exhaustive to WHS) list of problems:
* To study available gravity field models in terms of their available resolution, accuracy and stability for the pur-pose of WHS realization.
* To define a role of a conventional model of the Earth’s gravity field (EGM) to be used for WHS realization in-cluding its scale parameters.
* To study relations between an adopted conventional EGM and parameters of a geocentric reference ellipsoid of revolution approximating a time invariant equipoten-tial surface of the adopted EGM aligned to reduced observables of mean sea level.
* To study theoretical aspects of various methods proposed for WHS definition and realization including investiga-tions on tidal system effects.
To investigate combination of heterogeneous gravity field observables by using spatial inversion, spherical radial functions, collocation, wavelets, etc. and by taking into account their sampling geometry, spectral and stochastic properties.
* To investigate methods of gravity field modelling based on combination of global gravitational models, ground and airborne gravity, GNSS/levelling height differences, altimetry data, deflections of the vertical, etc.
* To study stable, accurate and efficient methods for con-tinuation of gravity field parameters including space-borne observables of type GRACE and GOCE.
* To advance theory and methods for solving various initial and boundary value problems (I/BVP) in geodesy.
* To study methods for gravity potential estimation based on its measured directional derivatives (gravity, gravity gradients) by exploiting advantages of simultaneous con-tinuation and inversion of observations.
* To investigate requirements for gravity data (stochastic properties, spatially-temporal sampling, spectral content etc.) in terms of their specific geodetic applications.

===Program of Activities===

Active participation at major geodetic conferences and meetings.
Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013.
Co-operation with affiliated IAG Commissions and GGOS.
Electronic exchange of ideas and thoughts through a SG web page.
Monitoring activities of SG members and external individuals related to SG.
Compiling bibliography in the area of SG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt;Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;Heiner Denker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Will Featherstone (Australia)&lt;br /&gt;René Forsberg (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Bernhard Heck (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Jianliang Huang (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;
Christopher Jekeli (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Dan Roman (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;Michael G Sideris (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Lars Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;
Robert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;Yan-Ming Wang (USA)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4384" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of world height system realization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Description of the Earth’s gravity field still remains a major research topic in geodesy. The main goal is to provide reliable global models covering all spatially-temporal frequencies of its scalar parameterization through the gravity potential. Detailed and accurate gravity field models are required for proper positioning and orientation of geodetic sensors (data geo-referencing). Geometric properties of the gravity field are then studied including those of its equipotential surfaces and their respective surface normals, since they play a fundamental role in definition and realization of geodetic reference systems. Gravity field models will be applied for definition and realization of a vertical reference system (currently under construction) that will support studies of the Earth system.
This study group is an entity of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory. It is affiliated to Commissions 1 (Reference Frames) and 2 (Gravity Field); its close co-operation with GGOS Theme 1 “Unified Global Height System” is anticipated. It aims at bringing together scientists concerned namely with theoretical aspects in the areas of interest specified below.

===Objectives===

* Considering different types and large amounts of gravity-related data available today, large variety of gravity field models and the ongoing IAG project of realizing a world height system (WHS), this study group shall focuses on theoretical aspects related to the following (non-exhaustive to WHS) list of problems:
* To study available gravity field models in terms of their available resolution, accuracy and stability for the purpose of WHS realization.
* To define a role of a conventional model of the Earth’s gravity field (EGM) to be used for WHS realization including its scale parameters.
* To study relations between an adopted conventional EGM and parameters of a geocentric reference ellipsoid of revolution approximating a time invariant equipotential surface of the adopted EGM aligned to reduced observables of mean sea level.
* To study theoretical aspects of various methods proposed for WHS definition and realization including investigations on tidal system effects.
To investigate combination of heterogeneous gravity field observables by using spatial inversion, spherical radial functions, collocation, wavelets, etc. and by taking into account their sampling geometry, spectral and stochastic properties.
* To investigate methods of gravity field modelling based on combination of global gravitational models, ground and airborne gravity, GNSS/levelling height differences, altimetry data, deflections of the vertical, etc.
* To study stable, accurate and efficient methods for con-tinuation of gravity field parameters including space-borne observables of type GRACE and GOCE.
* To advance theory and methods for solving various initial and boundary value problems (I/BVP) in geodesy.
* To study methods for gravity potential estimation based on its measured directional derivatives (gravity, gravity gradients) by exploiting advantages of simultaneous con-tinuation and inversion of observations.
* To investigate requirements for gravity data (stochastic properties, spatially-temporal sampling, spectral content etc.) in terms of their specific geodetic applications.

===Program of Activities===

Active participation at major geodetic conferences and meetings.
Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013.
Co-operation with affiliated IAG Commissions and GGOS.
Electronic exchange of ideas and thoughts through a SG web page.
Monitoring activities of SG members and external individuals related to SG.
Compiling bibliography in the area of SG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt;Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;Heiner Denker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Will Featherstone (Australia)&lt;br /&gt;René Forsberg (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Bernhard Heck (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Jianliang Huang (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;
Christopher Jekeli (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Dan Roman (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;Michael G Sideris (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Lars Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;
Robert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;Yan-Ming Wang (USA)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4382" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of world height system realization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Description of the Earth’s gravity field still remains a major research topic in geodesy. The main goal is to provide reliable global models covering all spatially-temporal frequencies of its scalar parameterization through the gravity potential. Detailed and accurate gravity field models are required for proper positioning and orientation of geodetic sensors (data geo-referencing). Geometric properties of the gravity field are then studied including those of its equipotential surfaces and their respective surface normals, since they play a fundamental role in definition and realization of geodetic reference systems. Gravity field models will be applied for definition and realization of a vertical reference system (currently under construction) that will support studies of the Earth system.
This study group is an entity of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory. It is affiliated to Commissions 1 (Reference Frames) and 2 (Gravity Field); its close co-operation with GGOS Theme 1 “Unified Global Height System” is anticipated. It aims at bringing together scientists concerned namely with theoretical aspects in the areas of interest specified below.

===Objectives===

* Considering different types and large amounts of gravity-related data available today, large variety of gravity field models and the ongoing IAG project of realizing a world height system (WHS), this study group shall focuses on theoretical aspects related to the following (non-exhaustive to WHS) list of problems:
* To study available gravity field models in terms of their available resolution, accuracy and stability for the purpose of WHS realization.
* To define a role of a conventional model of the Earth’s gravity field (EGM) to be used for WHS realization including its scale parameters.
* To study relations between an adopted conventional EGM and parameters of a geocentric reference ellipsoid of revolution approximating a time invariant equipotential surface of the adopted EGM aligned to reduced observables of mean sea level.
* To study theoretical aspects of various methods proposed for WHS definition and realization including investigations on tidal system effects.
To investigate combination of heterogeneous gravity field observables by using spatial inversion, spherical radial functions, collocation, wavelets, etc. and by taking into account their sampling geometry, spectral and stochastic properties.
* To investigate methods of gravity field modelling based on combination of global gravitational models, ground and airborne gravity, GNSS/levelling height differences, altimetry data, deflections of the vertical, etc.
* To study stable, accurate and efficient methods for continuation of gravity field parameters including spaceborne observables of type GRACE and GOCE.
* To advance theory and methods for solving various initial and boundary value problems (I/BVP) in geodesy.
* To study methods for gravity potential estimation based on its measured directional derivatives (gravity, gravity gradients) by exploiting advantages of simultaneous con-tinuation and inversion of observations.
* To investigate requirements for gravity data (stochastic properties, spatially-temporal sampling, spectral content etc.) in terms of their specific geodetic applications.

===Program of Activities===

Active participation at major geodetic conferences and meetings.
Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013.
Co-operation with affiliated IAG Commissions and GGOS.
Electronic exchange of ideas and thoughts through a SG web page.
Monitoring activities of SG members and external individuals related to SG.
Compiling bibliography in the area of SG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt;Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;Heiner Denker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Will Featherstone (Australia)&lt;br /&gt;René Forsberg (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Bernhard Heck (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Jianliang Huang (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;
Christopher Jekeli (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Dan Roman (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;Michael G Sideris (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Lars Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;
Robert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;Yan-Ming Wang (USA)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4381" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of world height system realization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Description of the Earth’s gravity field still remains a major research topic in geodesy. The main goal is to provide reliable global models covering all spatially-temporal frequencies of its scalar parameterization through the gravity potential. Detailed and accurate gravity field models are required for proper positioning and orientation of geodetic sensors (data geo-referencing). Geometric properties of the gravity field are then studied including those of its equipotential surfaces and their respective surface normals, since they play a fundamental role in definition and realization of geodetic reference systems. Gravity field models will be applied for definition and realization of a vertical reference system (currently under construction) that will support studies of the Earth system.
This study group is an entity of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory. It is affiliated to Commissions 1 (Reference Frames) and 2 (Gravity Field); its close co-operation with GGOS Theme 1 “Unified Global Height System” is anticipated. It aims at bringing together scientists concerned namely with theoretical aspects in the areas of interest specified below.

===Objectives===

* Considering different types and large amounts of gravity-related data available today, large variety of gravity field models and the ongoing IAG project of realizing a world height system (WHS), this study group shall focuses on theoretical aspects related to the following (non-exhaustive to WHS) list of problems:
* To study available gravity field models in terms of their available resolution, accuracy and stability for the purpose of WHS realization.
* To define a role of a conventional model of the Earth’s gravity field (EGM) to be used for WHS realization including its scale parameters.
* To study relations between an adopted conventional EGM and parameters of a geocentric reference ellipsoid of revolution approximating a time invariant equipotential surface of the adopted EGM aligned to reduced observables of mean sea level.
* To study theoretical aspects of various methods proposed for WHS definition and realization including investigations on tidal system effects.
To investigate combination of heterogeneous gravity field observables by using spatial inversion, spherical radial functions, collocation, wavelets, etc. and by taking into account their sampling geometry, spectral and stochastic properties.
* To investigate methods of gravity field modelling based on combination of global gravitational models, ground and airborne gravity, GNSS/levelling height differences, altimetry data, deflections of the vertical, etc.
* To study stable, accurate and efficient methods for continuation of gravity field parameters including spaceborne observables of type GRACE and GOCE.
* To advance theory and methods for solving various initial and boundary value problems (I/BVP) in geodesy.
* To study methods for gravity potential estimation based on its measured directional derivatives (gravity, gravity gradients) by exploiting advantages of simultaneous continuation and inversion of observations.
* To investigate requirements for gravity data (stochastic properties, spatially-temporal sampling, spectral content etc.) in terms of their specific geodetic applications.

===Program of Activities===

Active participation at major geodetic conferences and meetings.
Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013.
Co-operation with affiliated IAG Commissions and GGOS.
Electronic exchange of ideas and thoughts through a SG web page.
Monitoring activities of SG members and external individuals related to SG.
Compiling bibliography in the area of SG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt;Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;Heiner Denker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Will Featherstone (Australia)&lt;br /&gt;René Forsberg (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Bernhard Heck (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Jianliang Huang (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;
Christopher Jekeli (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Dan Roman (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;Michael G Sideris (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Lars Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;
Robert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;Yan-Ming Wang (USA)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>fb46f0aaf7188def5e3a6a7f9228c0a1c279f976</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>161</id>
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    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:06:46Z</timestamp>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>/* Program of Activities */</comment>
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    <text bytes="4384" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of world height system realization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Description of the Earth’s gravity field still remains a major research topic in geodesy. The main goal is to provide reliable global models covering all spatially-temporal frequencies of its scalar parameterization through the gravity potential. Detailed and accurate gravity field models are required for proper positioning and orientation of geodetic sensors (data geo-referencing). Geometric properties of the gravity field are then studied including those of its equipotential surfaces and their respective surface normals, since they play a fundamental role in definition and realization of geodetic reference systems. Gravity field models will be applied for definition and realization of a vertical reference system (currently under construction) that will support studies of the Earth system.
This study group is an entity of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory. It is affiliated to Commissions 1 (Reference Frames) and 2 (Gravity Field); its close co-operation with GGOS Theme 1 “Unified Global Height System” is anticipated. It aims at bringing together scientists concerned namely with theoretical aspects in the areas of interest specified below.

===Objectives===

* Considering different types and large amounts of gravity-related data available today, large variety of gravity field models and the ongoing IAG project of realizing a world height system (WHS), this study group shall focuses on theoretical aspects related to the following (non-exhaustive to WHS) list of problems:
* To study available gravity field models in terms of their available resolution, accuracy and stability for the purpose of WHS realization.
* To define a role of a conventional model of the Earth’s gravity field (EGM) to be used for WHS realization including its scale parameters.
* To study relations between an adopted conventional EGM and parameters of a geocentric reference ellipsoid of revolution approximating a time invariant equipotential surface of the adopted EGM aligned to reduced observables of mean sea level.
* To study theoretical aspects of various methods proposed for WHS definition and realization including investigations on tidal system effects.
To investigate combination of heterogeneous gravity field observables by using spatial inversion, spherical radial functions, collocation, wavelets, etc. and by taking into account their sampling geometry, spectral and stochastic properties.
* To investigate methods of gravity field modelling based on combination of global gravitational models, ground and airborne gravity, GNSS/levelling height differences, altimetry data, deflections of the vertical, etc.
* To study stable, accurate and efficient methods for continuation of gravity field parameters including spaceborne observables of type GRACE and GOCE.
* To advance theory and methods for solving various initial and boundary value problems (I/BVP) in geodesy.
* To study methods for gravity potential estimation based on its measured directional derivatives (gravity, gravity gradients) by exploiting advantages of simultaneous continuation and inversion of observations.
* To investigate requirements for gravity data (stochastic properties, spatially-temporal sampling, spectral content etc.) in terms of their specific geodetic applications.

===Program of Activities===

Active participation at major geodetic conferences and meetings.
Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013.
Co-operation with affiliated IAG Commissions and GGOS.
Electronic exchange of ideas and thoughts through a JSG web page.
Monitoring activities of SG members and external individuals related to JSG.
Compiling bibliography in the area of JSG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt;Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;Heiner Denker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Will Featherstone (Australia)&lt;br /&gt;René Forsberg (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Bernhard Heck (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Jianliang Huang (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;
Christopher Jekeli (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Dan Roman (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;Michael G Sideris (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Lars Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;
Robert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;Yan-Ming Wang (USA)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>92ee537ef18a9264491479c99380c21b57f718b8</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>170</id>
    <parentid>161</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:07:45Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Members */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4383" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of world height system realization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Description of the Earth’s gravity field still remains a major research topic in geodesy. The main goal is to provide reliable global models covering all spatially-temporal frequencies of its scalar parameterization through the gravity potential. Detailed and accurate gravity field models are required for proper positioning and orientation of geodetic sensors (data geo-referencing). Geometric properties of the gravity field are then studied including those of its equipotential surfaces and their respective surface normals, since they play a fundamental role in definition and realization of geodetic reference systems. Gravity field models will be applied for definition and realization of a vertical reference system (currently under construction) that will support studies of the Earth system.
This study group is an entity of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory. It is affiliated to Commissions 1 (Reference Frames) and 2 (Gravity Field); its close co-operation with GGOS Theme 1 “Unified Global Height System” is anticipated. It aims at bringing together scientists concerned namely with theoretical aspects in the areas of interest specified below.

===Objectives===

* Considering different types and large amounts of gravity-related data available today, large variety of gravity field models and the ongoing IAG project of realizing a world height system (WHS), this study group shall focuses on theoretical aspects related to the following (non-exhaustive to WHS) list of problems:
* To study available gravity field models in terms of their available resolution, accuracy and stability for the purpose of WHS realization.
* To define a role of a conventional model of the Earth’s gravity field (EGM) to be used for WHS realization including its scale parameters.
* To study relations between an adopted conventional EGM and parameters of a geocentric reference ellipsoid of revolution approximating a time invariant equipotential surface of the adopted EGM aligned to reduced observables of mean sea level.
* To study theoretical aspects of various methods proposed for WHS definition and realization including investigations on tidal system effects.
To investigate combination of heterogeneous gravity field observables by using spatial inversion, spherical radial functions, collocation, wavelets, etc. and by taking into account their sampling geometry, spectral and stochastic properties.
* To investigate methods of gravity field modelling based on combination of global gravitational models, ground and airborne gravity, GNSS/levelling height differences, altimetry data, deflections of the vertical, etc.
* To study stable, accurate and efficient methods for continuation of gravity field parameters including spaceborne observables of type GRACE and GOCE.
* To advance theory and methods for solving various initial and boundary value problems (I/BVP) in geodesy.
* To study methods for gravity potential estimation based on its measured directional derivatives (gravity, gravity gradients) by exploiting advantages of simultaneous continuation and inversion of observations.
* To investigate requirements for gravity data (stochastic properties, spatially-temporal sampling, spectral content etc.) in terms of their specific geodetic applications.

===Program of Activities===

Active participation at major geodetic conferences and meetings.
Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013.
Co-operation with affiliated IAG Commissions and GGOS.
Electronic exchange of ideas and thoughts through a JSG web page.
Monitoring activities of SG members and external individuals related to JSG.
Compiling bibliography in the area of JSG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt;Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;Heiner Denker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Will Featherstone (Australia)&lt;br /&gt;René Forsberg (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Bernhard Heck (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Jianliang Huang (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Christopher Jekeli (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Dan Roman (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;Michael G Sideris (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Lars Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;Yan-Ming Wang (USA)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>c0500ad94cfe52aae5b450a6251e2ffca9ceb3c6</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>162</id>
    <parentid>161</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:08:19Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4385" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of world height system realization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Description of the Earth’s gravity field still remains a major research topic in geodesy. The main goal is to provide reliable global models covering all spatially-temporal frequencies of its scalar parameterization through the gravity potential. Detailed and accurate gravity field models are required for proper positioning and orientation of geodetic sensors (data geo-referencing). Geometric properties of the gravity field are then studied including those of its equipotential surfaces and their respective surface normals, since they play a fundamental role in definition and realization of geodetic reference systems. Gravity field models will be applied for definition and realization of a vertical reference system (currently under construction) that will support studies of the Earth system.
This study group is an entity of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory. It is affiliated to Commissions 1 (Reference Frames) and 2 (Gravity Field); its close co-operation with GGOS Theme 1 “Unified Global Height System” is anticipated. It aims at bringing together scientists concerned namely with theoretical aspects in the areas of interest specified below.

===Objectives===

* Considering different types and large amounts of gravity-related data available today, large variety of gravity field models and the ongoing IAG project of realizing a world height system (WHS), this study group shall focuses on theoretical aspects related to the following (non-exhaustive to WHS) list of problems:
* To study available gravity field models in terms of their available resolution, accuracy and stability for the purpose of WHS realization.
* To define a role of a conventional model of the Earth’s gravity field (EGM) to be used for WHS realization including its scale parameters.
* To study relations between an adopted conventional EGM and parameters of a geocentric reference ellipsoid of revolution approximating a time invariant equipotential surface of the adopted EGM aligned to reduced observables of mean sea level.
* To study theoretical aspects of various methods proposed for WHS definition and realization including investigations on tidal system effects.
* To investigate combination of heterogeneous gravity field observables by using spatial inversion, spherical radial functions, collocation, wavelets, etc. and by taking into account their sampling geometry, spectral and stochastic properties.
* To investigate methods of gravity field modelling based on combination of global gravitational models, ground and airborne gravity, GNSS/levelling height differences, altimetry data, deflections of the vertical, etc.
* To study stable, accurate and efficient methods for continuation of gravity field parameters including spaceborne observables of type GRACE and GOCE.
* To advance theory and methods for solving various initial and boundary value problems (I/BVP) in geodesy.
* To study methods for gravity potential estimation based on its measured directional derivatives (gravity, gravity gradients) by exploiting advantages of simultaneous continuation and inversion of observations.
* To investigate requirements for gravity data (stochastic properties, spatially-temporal sampling, spectral content etc.) in terms of their specific geodetic applications.

===Program of Activities===

Active participation at major geodetic conferences and meetings.
Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013.
Co-operation with affiliated IAG Commissions and GGOS.
Electronic exchange of ideas and thoughts through a JSG web page.
Monitoring activities of SG members and external individuals related to JSG.
Compiling bibliography in the area of JSG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt;Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;Heiner Denker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Will Featherstone (Australia)&lt;br /&gt;René Forsberg (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Bernhard Heck (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Jianliang Huang (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Christopher Jekeli (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Dan Roman (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;Michael G Sideris (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Lars Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;Yan-Ming Wang (USA)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>add6d9188697ecdddbee27d27f62e0723aa17b4c</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2011-05-03 08:18:27+00|364">
  <title>IC SG3</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>10</id>
  <revision>
    <id>192</id>
    <parentid>191</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-06-29T09:08:58Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5561" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.3: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Schmidt (Germany), Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Traditionally the gravitational potential of the Earth and other celestial bodies is modelled as a series expansion in terms of spherical harmonics. Although this representation is technically possible for ultra-high expansions, it is well-known that spherical harmonic approaches cannot repre-sent data of heterogeneous density and quality in a proper way. In order to overcome these and other deficiencies regional modelling comes into question.
In the last years many groups have developed sophisticated approaches for regional modelling, e.g. the expansion of the gravity field or functionals of the field in terms of spherical (radial) base functions. Analogously to spherical harmonic approaches, also in regional modelling the un-known model parameters, i.e. the coefficients of the series expansion, can be either determined by means of numerical integration or as the solution of a parameter estimation process. Numerical integration techniques are widely used in the mathematical community and provide efficient and stable solutions. However, numerical integration tech-niques suffer from important disadvantages. Among others these methods (1) require the input data to be given on a spherical integration grid, (2) cannot provide estimated error variances and covariances of the model parameters and (3) have difficulties to handle the combination of data from different measurement techniques. Due to these dis-advantages, parameter estimation is the preferred strategy in the geodetic community. Although solutions in regional modelling based on parameter estimation are generated by several groups since many years, a large number of un-solved problems and open questions still remain. They mostly arise from the condition of the normal equation system and are therefore directly connected to the para-metrization of the gravity field, the type and distribution of observation data, the choice and location of base functions, possible regularisation schemes, etc.
The aim of the proposed SG is to find guidelines on suit-able strategies for setting up the parameter estimation of regional gravity field modelling. This includes appropriate strategies for the combination of satellite, airborne and terrestrial data. The focus of the SG is on the methodologi-cal foundation of regional gravity field modelling based on series expansions in terms of localizing base functions. Therefore numerical studies will be concentrated on simu-lations based on synthetic data. It is not the aim of the SG to process and compare solutions from real data.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this SG are:
* to collect information of available methodologies and strategies for regional modelling, including
** the type of base functions (splines, wavelets, Slepian function, Mascons, etc.),
** the point grids for placing the functions (standard grid, icosaeder, Reuter grid, etc. on a sphere, ellipsoid, etc.),
** the choice and establishment of an appropriate adjust-ment model (combination strategy, variance component estimation, rank deficiency problems, e.g., due to downward continuation, etc.),
** the consideration of model errors (truncation errors, edge effects, leakage, etc.),
** the specific field of application,
* to analyze the collected information in order to find spe-cific properties of the different approaches and to find, why certain strategies have been chosen,
* to create a benchmark data set for comparative numerical studies,
* to carry out numerical comparisons between different solution strategies for estimating the model parameters and to validate the results with other approaches (spheri-cal harmonic models, least-squares collocation, etc.),
* to quantify and interpret the differences of the compari-sons with a focus on detection, explanation and treatment of inconsistencies and possible instabilities of the differ-ent approaches,
* to create guidelines for generating regional gravity solu-tions,
* to outline standards and conventions for future regional gravity products.
* Comparable work outside gravity field determination, e.g. in the mathematical communities and in geomagnetic field determination will be taken into account.
* To achieve the objectives, the SG interacts and collabo-rates with other ICCT SGs as well as IAG Commission 2. As a matter of fact the outcomes of the SG can be also used by other IAG commissions, especially in Commission 3.
* The SG's work will be distributed to IAG sister associa-tions through respective members.

===Program of Activities===

The SG’s program of activities will include
organization of SG meetings and of one or more scientific workshops on regional modelling
participation in respective symposia (EGU, AGU, etc.), publication of important findings in proper journals,
maintaining a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results,
supporting ICCT activities

===Members===

'' '''Michael Schmidt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt;Christian Gerlach (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (Norway)&lt;br /&gt;Annette Eicker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Indridi Einarsson (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Junyi Guo (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Isabelle Panet (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Judith Schall (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Uwe Schäfer (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Frederick Simons (USA)&lt;br /&gt;C.K. Shum (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Matthias Weigelt (Germany)
&lt;br /&gt;Gongyou Wu (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>8a2189a81bccc211a92714200055bca9a274c5ed</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>193</id>
    <parentid>192</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:10:22Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Introduction */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5551" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.3: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Schmidt (Germany), Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Traditionally the gravitational potential of the Earth and other celestial bodies is modelled as a series expansion in terms of spherical harmonics. Although this representation is technically possible for ultra-high expansions, it is well-known that spherical harmonic approaches cannot represent data of heterogeneous density and quality in a proper way. In order to overcome these and other deficiencies regional modelling comes into question.

In the last years many groups have developed sophisticated approaches for regional modelling, e.g., the expansion of the gravity field or functionals of the field in terms of spherical (radial) base functions. Analogously to spherical harmonic approaches, also in regional modelling the unknown model parameters, i.e., the coefficients of the series expansion, can be either determined by means of numerical integration or as the solution of a parameter estimation process. Numerical integration techniques are widely used in the mathematical community and provide efficient and stable solutions. However, numerical integration techniques suffer from important disadvantages. Among others these methods (1) require the input data to be given on a spherical integration grid, (2) cannot provide estimated error variances and covariances of the model parameters and (3) have difficulties to handle the combination of data from different measurement techniques. Due to these disadvantages, parameter estimation is the preferred strategy in the geodetic community. Although solutions in regional modelling based on parameter estimation are generated by several groups since many years, a large number of unsolved problems and open questions still remain. They mostly arise from the condition of the normal equation system and are therefore directly connected to the parametrization of the gravity field, the type and distribution of observation data, the choice and location of base functions, possible regularisation schemes, etc.

The aim of the JSG is to find guidelines on suitable strategies for setting up the parameter estimation of regional gravity field modelling. This includes appropriate strategies for the combination of satellite, airborne and terrestrial data. The focus of the JSG is on the methodological foundation of regional gravity field modelling based on series expansions in terms of localizing base functions. Therefore, numerical studies will be concentrated on simulations based on synthetic data. It is not the aim of the JSG to process and compare solutions from real data.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this SG are:
* to collect information of available methodologies and strategies for regional modelling, including
** the type of base functions (splines, wavelets, Slepian function, Mascons, etc.),
** the point grids for placing the functions (standard grid, icosaeder, Reuter grid, etc. on a sphere, ellipsoid, etc.),
** the choice and establishment of an appropriate adjust-ment model (combination strategy, variance component estimation, rank deficiency problems, e.g., due to downward continuation, etc.),
** the consideration of model errors (truncation errors, edge effects, leakage, etc.),
** the specific field of application,
* to analyze the collected information in order to find spe-cific properties of the different approaches and to find, why certain strategies have been chosen,
* to create a benchmark data set for comparative numerical studies,
* to carry out numerical comparisons between different solution strategies for estimating the model parameters and to validate the results with other approaches (spheri-cal harmonic models, least-squares collocation, etc.),
* to quantify and interpret the differences of the compari-sons with a focus on detection, explanation and treatment of inconsistencies and possible instabilities of the differ-ent approaches,
* to create guidelines for generating regional gravity solu-tions,
* to outline standards and conventions for future regional gravity products.
* Comparable work outside gravity field determination, e.g. in the mathematical communities and in geomagnetic field determination will be taken into account.
* To achieve the objectives, the SG interacts and collabo-rates with other ICCT SGs as well as IAG Commission 2. As a matter of fact the outcomes of the SG can be also used by other IAG commissions, especially in Commission 3.
* The SG's work will be distributed to IAG sister associa-tions through respective members.

===Program of Activities===

The SG’s program of activities will include
organization of SG meetings and of one or more scientific workshops on regional modelling
participation in respective symposia (EGU, AGU, etc.), publication of important findings in proper journals,
maintaining a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results,
supporting ICCT activities

===Members===

'' '''Michael Schmidt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt;Christian Gerlach (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (Norway)&lt;br /&gt;Annette Eicker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Indridi Einarsson (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Junyi Guo (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Isabelle Panet (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Judith Schall (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Uwe Schäfer (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Frederick Simons (USA)&lt;br /&gt;C.K. Shum (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Matthias Weigelt (Germany)
&lt;br /&gt;Gongyou Wu (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>cf64ebcd51a132496a3eafb66a3cb87af6157c5f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>194</id>
    <parentid>193</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:11:54Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5550" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.3: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Schmidt (Germany), Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Traditionally the gravitational potential of the Earth and other celestial bodies is modelled as a series expansion in terms of spherical harmonics. Although this representation is technically possible for ultra-high expansions, it is well-known that spherical harmonic approaches cannot represent data of heterogeneous density and quality in a proper way. In order to overcome these and other deficiencies regional modelling comes into question.

In the last years many groups have developed sophisticated approaches for regional modelling, e.g., the expansion of the gravity field or functionals of the field in terms of spherical (radial) base functions. Analogously to spherical harmonic approaches, also in regional modelling the unknown model parameters, i.e., the coefficients of the series expansion, can be either determined by means of numerical integration or as the solution of a parameter estimation process. Numerical integration techniques are widely used in the mathematical community and provide efficient and stable solutions. However, numerical integration techniques suffer from important disadvantages. Among others these methods (1) require the input data to be given on a spherical integration grid, (2) cannot provide estimated error variances and covariances of the model parameters and (3) have difficulties to handle the combination of data from different measurement techniques. Due to these disadvantages, parameter estimation is the preferred strategy in the geodetic community. Although solutions in regional modelling based on parameter estimation are generated by several groups since many years, a large number of unsolved problems and open questions still remain. They mostly arise from the condition of the normal equation system and are therefore directly connected to the parametrization of the gravity field, the type and distribution of observation data, the choice and location of base functions, possible regularisation schemes, etc.

The aim of the JSG is to find guidelines on suitable strategies for setting up the parameter estimation of regional gravity field modelling. This includes appropriate strategies for the combination of satellite, airborne and terrestrial data. The focus of the JSG is on the methodological foundation of regional gravity field modelling based on series expansions in terms of localizing base functions. Therefore, numerical studies will be concentrated on simulations based on synthetic data. It is not the aim of the JSG to process and compare solutions from real data.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this JSG are:
* to collect information of available methodologies and strategies for regional modelling, including
** the type of base functions (splines, wavelets, Slepian function, Mascons, etc.),
** the point grids for placing the functions (standard grid, icosaeder, Reuter grid, etc. on a sphere, ellipsoid, etc.),
** the choice and establishment of an appropriate adjustment model (combination strategy, variance component estimation, rank deficiency problems, e.g., due to downward continuation, etc.),
** the consideration of model errors (truncation errors, edge effects, leakage, etc.),
** the specific field of application,
* to analyze the collected information in order to find specific properties of the different approaches and to find, why certain strategies have been chosen,
* to create a benchmark data set for comparative numerical studies,
* to carry out numerical comparisons between different solution strategies for estimating the model parameters and to validate the results with other approaches (spherical harmonic models, least-squares collocation, etc.),
* to quantify and interpret the differences of the comparisons with a focus on detection, explanation and treatment of inconsistencies and possible instabilities of the different approaches,
* to create guidelines for generating regional gravity solutions,
* to outline standards and conventions for future regional gravity products.
* Comparable work outside gravity field determination, e.g., in the mathematical communities and in geomagnetic field determination will be taken into account.
* To achieve the objectives, the JSG interacts and collaborates with other ICCT JSGs as well as IAG Commission 2. As a matter of fact, the outcomes of the JSG can be also used by other IAG commissions, especially in Commission 3.
* The JSG's work will be distributed to IAG sister associations through respective members.

===Program of Activities===

The SG’s program of activities will include
organization of SG meetings and of one or more scientific workshops on regional modelling
participation in respective symposia (EGU, AGU, etc.), publication of important findings in proper journals,
maintaining a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results,
supporting ICCT activities

===Members===

'' '''Michael Schmidt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt;Christian Gerlach (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (Norway)&lt;br /&gt;Annette Eicker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Indridi Einarsson (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Junyi Guo (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Isabelle Panet (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Judith Schall (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Uwe Schäfer (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Frederick Simons (USA)&lt;br /&gt;C.K. Shum (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Matthias Weigelt (Germany)
&lt;br /&gt;Gongyou Wu (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>05b7115b11631dfccedd6b1d2963c1af14e362b3</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>186</id>
    <parentid>183</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:12:20Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Program of Activities */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5552" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.3: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Schmidt (Germany), Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Traditionally the gravitational potential of the Earth and other celestial bodies is modelled as a series expansion in terms of spherical harmonics. Although this representation is technically possible for ultra-high expansions, it is well-known that spherical harmonic approaches cannot represent data of heterogeneous density and quality in a proper way. In order to overcome these and other deficiencies regional modelling comes into question.

In the last years many groups have developed sophisticated approaches for regional modelling, e.g., the expansion of the gravity field or functionals of the field in terms of spherical (radial) base functions. Analogously to spherical harmonic approaches, also in regional modelling the unknown model parameters, i.e., the coefficients of the series expansion, can be either determined by means of numerical integration or as the solution of a parameter estimation process. Numerical integration techniques are widely used in the mathematical community and provide efficient and stable solutions. However, numerical integration techniques suffer from important disadvantages. Among others these methods (1) require the input data to be given on a spherical integration grid, (2) cannot provide estimated error variances and covariances of the model parameters and (3) have difficulties to handle the combination of data from different measurement techniques. Due to these disadvantages, parameter estimation is the preferred strategy in the geodetic community. Although solutions in regional modelling based on parameter estimation are generated by several groups since many years, a large number of unsolved problems and open questions still remain. They mostly arise from the condition of the normal equation system and are therefore directly connected to the parametrization of the gravity field, the type and distribution of observation data, the choice and location of base functions, possible regularisation schemes, etc.

The aim of the JSG is to find guidelines on suitable strategies for setting up the parameter estimation of regional gravity field modelling. This includes appropriate strategies for the combination of satellite, airborne and terrestrial data. The focus of the JSG is on the methodological foundation of regional gravity field modelling based on series expansions in terms of localizing base functions. Therefore, numerical studies will be concentrated on simulations based on synthetic data. It is not the aim of the JSG to process and compare solutions from real data.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this JSG are:
* to collect information of available methodologies and strategies for regional modelling, including
** the type of base functions (splines, wavelets, Slepian function, Mascons, etc.),
** the point grids for placing the functions (standard grid, icosaeder, Reuter grid, etc. on a sphere, ellipsoid, etc.),
** the choice and establishment of an appropriate adjustment model (combination strategy, variance component estimation, rank deficiency problems, e.g., due to downward continuation, etc.),
** the consideration of model errors (truncation errors, edge effects, leakage, etc.),
** the specific field of application,
* to analyze the collected information in order to find specific properties of the different approaches and to find, why certain strategies have been chosen,
* to create a benchmark data set for comparative numerical studies,
* to carry out numerical comparisons between different solution strategies for estimating the model parameters and to validate the results with other approaches (spherical harmonic models, least-squares collocation, etc.),
* to quantify and interpret the differences of the comparisons with a focus on detection, explanation and treatment of inconsistencies and possible instabilities of the different approaches,
* to create guidelines for generating regional gravity solutions,
* to outline standards and conventions for future regional gravity products.
* Comparable work outside gravity field determination, e.g., in the mathematical communities and in geomagnetic field determination will be taken into account.
* To achieve the objectives, the JSG interacts and collaborates with other ICCT JSGs as well as IAG Commission 2. As a matter of fact, the outcomes of the JSG can be also used by other IAG commissions, especially in Commission 3.
* The JSG's work will be distributed to IAG sister associations through respective members.

===Program of Activities===

The JSG’s program of activities will include organization of SG meetings and of one or more scientific workshops on regional modelling
participation in respective symposia (EGU, AGU, etc.), publication of important findings in proper journals, maintaining a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results, supporting ICCT activities.

===Members===

'' '''Michael Schmidt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt;Christian Gerlach (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (Norway)&lt;br /&gt;Annette Eicker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Indridi Einarsson (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Junyi Guo (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Isabelle Panet (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Judith Schall (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Uwe Schäfer (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Frederick Simons (USA)&lt;br /&gt;C.K. Shum (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Matthias Weigelt (Germany)
&lt;br /&gt;Gongyou Wu (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>bf45fb805d7cf3bec3ae0fd3e8291d08c26c1ae0</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2011-05-03 08:18:27+00|364">
  <title>IC SG4</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>11</id>
  <revision>
    <id>202</id>
    <parentid>199</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-06-29T10:04:11Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3223" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.4: Coordinate systems in
numerical weather models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''T. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''all Commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Numerical weather models (NWMs) contain valuable in-formation that is relevant for a variety of geodetic models. Currently no clear description exists regarding how to deal with the NWM coordinate systems when carrying out the calculations in a geodetic reference frame. The problem can be split into two questions: First, how to relate the horizontal NWM coordinates, which are in most cases geocentric coordinates, derived initially from either Carte-sian or spectral representations, properly into an ellipsoi-dal/geodetic frame? Second, how to transform the NWM height system into elliptical heights as used within geo-desy? Although some work has been already done to answer these questions, still no procedures, guidelines or standards have been defined in order to consistently trans-form the meteorological information into a geodetic refer-ence frame.
The study group will categorize the NWM coordinate systems, create mathematical models for transformation and summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as guidelines for those who intend to utilize NWM information. In addition, it will be necessary to define such transformations in both ways, in order to enable the assimilation of geodetic measurements into meteorological models as well. Moreover, the study group will deal with the issue of surface data contained in NWM and how this information can be consistently used.

===Objectives===

* Understand the horizontal coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Understand the vertical coordinate systems of the differ-ent NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Formulate a clear mathematical description on how to transform between NWMs and a geodetic frame (in both directions)
* Summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as a standard for future use of NWM-produced fields.


===Program of Activities===

Launch a web-page for dissemination of information, pre-sentation, communication, outreach purposes; provide a bibliography
Conduct working meetings in association with inter-national conferences; present research results in appropri-ate sessions
Organize workshops dedicated mainly to problem identifi-cation and to motivation of relevant scientific research
Produce at least one peer-reviewed paper that presents a clear and consistent description of how to transform in-formation from and to NWMs, and the relevance of different NWM structures, and, if possible, a second paper that deals with the uncertainty of the NWM related coordinate information will be considered.

===Members===

'' '''Thomas Hobiger (Japan), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Tonie van Dam (Luxembourg)&lt;br /&gt;Pascal Gegout (France)&lt;br /&gt;Rüdiger Haas (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;Ryuichi Ichikawa (Japan)&lt;br /&gt;
Arthur Niell (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Felipe Nievinski (USA)&lt;br /&gt;David Salstein (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Marcelo Santos (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schindelegger (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;Henrik Vedel (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Jens Wickert (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Florian Zus (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>19441a25500c487f5c7e3dab7fe1132375fa1d54</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>200</id>
    <parentid>199</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-06-29T10:04:27Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3220" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.4: Coordinate systems in
numerical weather models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''T. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''all Commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Numerical weather models (NWMs) contain valuable in-formation that is relevant for a variety of geodetic models. Currently no clear description exists regarding how to deal with the NWM coordinate systems when carrying out the calculations in a geodetic reference frame. The problem can be split into two questions: First, how to relate the horizontal NWM coordinates, which are in most cases geocentric coordinates, derived initially from either Carte-sian or spectral representations, properly into an ellipsoi-dal/geodetic frame? Second, how to transform the NWM height system into elliptical heights as used within geo-desy? Although some work has been already done to answer these questions, still no procedures, guidelines or standards have been defined in order to consistently trans-form the meteorological information into a geodetic refer-ence frame.
The study group will categorize the NWM coordinate systems, create mathematical models for transformation and summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as guidelines for those who intend to utilize NWM information. In addition, it will be necessary to define such transformations in both ways, in order to enable the assimilation of geodetic measurements into meteorological models as well. Moreover, the study group will deal with the issue of surface data contained in NWM and how this information can be consistently used.

===Objectives===

* Understand the horizontal coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Understand the vertical coordinate systems of the differ-ent NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Formulate a clear mathematical description on how to transform between NWMs and a geodetic frame (in both directions)
* Summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as a standard for future use of NWM-produced fields.

===Program of Activities===

Launch a web-page for dissemination of information, pre-sentation, communication, outreach purposes; provide a bibliography
Conduct working meetings in association with inter-national conferences; present research results in appropri-ate sessions
Organize workshops dedicated mainly to problem identifi-cation and to motivation of relevant scientific research
Produce at least one peer-reviewed paper that presents a clear and consistent description of how to transform in-formation from and to NWMs, and the relevance of different NWM structures, and, if possible, a second paper that deals with the uncertainty of the NWM related coordinate information will be considered.

===Members===

'' '''Thomas Hobiger (Japan), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Tonie van Dam (Luxembourg)&lt;br /&gt;Pascal Gegout (France)&lt;br /&gt;Rüdiger Haas (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;Ryuichi Ichikawa (Japan)&lt;br /&gt;
Arthur Niell (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Felipe Nievinski (USA)&lt;br /&gt;David Salstein (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Marcelo Santos (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schindelegger (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;Henrik Vedel (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Jens Wickert (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Florian Zus (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>24664c5d5a911ba481bb6afdfd97670167c5fae0</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2011-05-03 08:18:27+00|364">
  <title>IC SG5</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>12</id>
  <revision>
    <id>221</id>
    <parentid>214</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-06-29T10:12:31Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6966" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.5: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral
geodetic signals'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rota-tion. In respective balance equations the geodetic para-meters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been deter-mined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.
However, in general the integral parameter time series can-not be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensi-tive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the develop-ment of strategies for the separation of the integral geo-detic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of informa-tion on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogene-ous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momen-tum.
The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisci-plinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic para-meters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.
Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contribu-tions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite alti-metry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of differ-ent observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary space-borne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of pro-cesses within atmosphere and hydrosphere.
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types. This comprehends in-vestigations on appropriate methods for parameter esti-mation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems.
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the infor-mation content (e.g. filters)
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momen-tum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individ-ual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a SG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geo-detic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14)
* Common publications of SG members
* Common fund raising activities (e.g. for PhD positions)

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combina-tion including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales
Initiation of at least one common funded project with posi-tions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Sarah Abelen (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt;Andreas Güntner (Germany)
&lt;br /&gt;Karin Hedman (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Franz Meyer (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Manuela Seitz (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Alka Singh (India)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>d4881226490ea94be131d68850057f17846793d1</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2011-05-03 08:18:27+00|364">
  <title>IC SG6</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>13</id>
  <revision>
    <id>230</id>
    <parentid>224</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-06-29T10:21:29Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
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    <text bytes="7120" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.6: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

The GRACE-mission (Tapley et al., 2004b) proved to be one of the most important satellite missions in recent times as it enabled the recovery of the static gravity field with unprecedented accuracy and, for the first time, the determination of temporal variations on a monthly (and shorter) basis. The key instrument is the K-band ranging system which continuously measures the changes of the distance between the two GRACE satellites with an accuracy of a few micrometer. Thanks to the success of this mission, proposals have been made for the development of a GRACE-follow-on mission and a next-generation GRACE satellite system, respectively. Apart from options for a multi-satellite mission, the major improvement will be the replacement of the microwave based K-band ranging system by laser interferometry (Bender et al., 2003). The expected improvement in the accuracy is in the range of a factor 10 to 1000.
Two types of solution strategies exist for the determination of gravity field quantities from kinematic observations (range, range-rate and range-acceleration). The first type is based on numerical integration. The most common ones are the classical integration of the variational equations (Reigber, 1989; Tapley et al., 2004a), the Celestial Mechanics Approach (Beutler et al., 2010) or the short-arc method (Mayer-Gürr, 2006). The second type of solution strategies tries to make use of in-situ (pseudo)-observa-tions. The most typical ones are the energy balance approach (Jekeli, 1998; Han, 2003), the relative accelera-tion approach (Liu, 2008) or the line-of-sight gradiometry approach (Keller and Sharifi, 2005).
From a theoretical point of view all approaches are in one way or the other based on Newton's equation of motion and thus all of them should be applicable to the next generation of satellite missions as well. Practically, problems arise due to the necessity of approximations and linearizations, the accumulation of errors, the combination of highly-precise with less precise quantities, e.g. K-band with GPS, and the incorporation of auxiliary measure-ments, e.g. accelerometer data. These problems are often circumvented by introducing reference orbits, reducing the solution strategies to residual quantities, and by frequently
solving for initial conditions and/or additional empirical or stochastic parameter. In the context of the next generation of low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking systems, the question is whether these methods are still sufficient to fully exploit the potential of the improved range observations.

===Objectives===
Observations are related to gravity field quantities by means of geometry, kinematics and dynamics. The gravity field is then represented by global or local base functions. The focus of this study group is primarily on the use of spherical harmonics as base function with different approaches to relate the observations to the gravity field. However, since local methods also proofed to yield high-quality solutions, this group will be affiliated with the pro-posed study group on the "Methodology of Regional Gravity Field Modelling" by M. Schmidt and Ch. Gerlach in order to investigate the interplay with regional model-ling. The usage of other global base functions is also wel-come.
The objectives of the study group are therefore to:
* investigate each solution strategy, identify approxima-tions and linearizations and test them for their permissibility to the next generation of inter-satellite range obser-vations,
* identify limitations or the necessity for additional and/or more accurate measurements,
* quantify the sensitivity to error sources, e.g. in tidal or non-gravitational force modelling,
* investigate the interaction with global and local modelling,
* extend the applicability to planetary satellite mission, e.g. GRAIL,
* establish a platform for the discussion and in-depth understanding of each approach and provide documentation.
It will not be the objective of this study group to identify the “best” approach as from a theoretical point of view all approaches are able to yield a solution as long as the neces-sary observations with sufficient accuracy have been made and approximations and linearization errors remain below the proposed accuracy of the new range observation. Fur-ther, solutions need validation which is done best with different and independent solution strategies in order to identify possible systematic effects.

===Methodology and Output===
The investigation will be based on an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations of each approach in combina-tion with a simulation study with step-wise increasing realism. The preparation of the simulated data set and each approach will be assigned separate work packages with subtasks, which include the above mentioned objectives. Each member is supposed to assign himself to at least one work package and contribute by adding to the discussion of the principles of each approach, supplying simulated data sets, carry out numerical investigations or develop solutions to specific problems.
The primary output is the result of the collaborative investigation of the different approaches aiming at the identification of possible challenges and the development of solutions ensuring their applicability to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations. These findings are supposed to be well documented in journal paper, possibly in a special issue of Journal of Geodesy or similar by the end of 2014. A workshop is envisaged in the vicinity of the Hotine-Marussi symposium in 2013.


===Members===

'' '''Masato Furuya, (Japan, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Falk Amelung (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Roland Bürgmann (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Andrea Donnellan (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Yuri Fialko (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Yo Fukushima (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Sigrujon Jónsson (Switzerland)&lt;br /&gt; Zhenhong Li (UK)&lt;br /&gt; Zhong Lu (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Taku Ozawa (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Matthew Pritchard (USA)&lt;br /&gt; David Sandwell (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Masanobu Shimada (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Mark Simons (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Tim Wright (UK)&lt;br /&gt;''

'' '''Matthias Weigelt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt; Adrian Jäggi (Switzerland), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
Markus Antoni (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Oliver Baur (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Richard Biancale (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Sean Bruinsma (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Christoph Dahle (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Christian Gerlach (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Thomas Gruber (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Shin-Chan Han (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Hassan Hashemi Farahani (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt;
Wolfgang Keller (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Jean-Michel Lemoine (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Anno Löcher (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Torsten Mayer-Gürr (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Philip Moore (UK)&lt;br /&gt;
Himanshu Save (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Mohammad Sharifi (Iran)&lt;br /&gt;
Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (Taiwan)&lt;br /&gt;
Pieter Visser (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt;''

==Corresponding members==
''Christian Gruber (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Jean-Claude Raimondo (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>95c801564902556704634deb96513dbf6165af90</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>223</id>
    <timestamp>2012-06-29T10:22:13Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="7124" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.6: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

The GRACE-mission (Tapley et al., 2004b) proved to be one of the most important satellite missions in recent times as it enabled the recovery of the static gravity field with unprecedented accuracy and, for the first time, the determination of temporal variations on a monthly (and shorter) basis. The key instrument is the K-band ranging system which continuously measures the changes of the distance between the two GRACE satellites with an accuracy of a few micrometer. Thanks to the success of this mission, proposals have been made for the development of a GRACE-follow-on mission and a next-generation GRACE satellite system, respectively. Apart from options for a multi-satellite mission, the major improvement will be the replacement of the microwave based K-band ranging system by laser interferometry (Bender et al., 2003). The expected improvement in the accuracy is in the range of a factor 10 to 1000.
Two types of solution strategies exist for the determination of gravity field quantities from kinematic observations (range, range-rate and range-acceleration). The first type is based on numerical integration. The most common ones are the classical integration of the variational equations (Reigber, 1989; Tapley et al., 2004a), the Celestial Mechanics Approach (Beutler et al., 2010) or the short-arc method (Mayer-Gürr, 2006). The second type of solution strategies tries to make use of in-situ (pseudo)-observa-tions. The most typical ones are the energy balance approach (Jekeli, 1998; Han, 2003), the relative accelera-tion approach (Liu, 2008) or the line-of-sight gradiometry approach (Keller and Sharifi, 2005).
From a theoretical point of view all approaches are in one way or the other based on Newton's equation of motion and thus all of them should be applicable to the next generation of satellite missions as well. Practically, problems arise due to the necessity of approximations and linearizations, the accumulation of errors, the combination of highly-precise with less precise quantities, e.g. K-band with GPS, and the incorporation of auxiliary measure-ments, e.g. accelerometer data. These problems are often circumvented by introducing reference orbits, reducing the solution strategies to residual quantities, and by frequently
solving for initial conditions and/or additional empirical or stochastic parameter. In the context of the next generation of low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking systems, the question is whether these methods are still sufficient to fully exploit the potential of the improved range observations.

===Objectives===
Observations are related to gravity field quantities by means of geometry, kinematics and dynamics. The gravity field is then represented by global or local base functions. The focus of this study group is primarily on the use of spherical harmonics as base function with different approaches to relate the observations to the gravity field. However, since local methods also proofed to yield high-quality solutions, this group will be affiliated with the pro-posed study group on the "Methodology of Regional Gravity Field Modelling" by M. Schmidt and Ch. Gerlach in order to investigate the interplay with regional model-ling. The usage of other global base functions is also wel-come.
The objectives of the study group are therefore to:
* investigate each solution strategy, identify approxima-tions and linearizations and test them for their permissibility to the next generation of inter-satellite range obser-vations,
* identify limitations or the necessity for additional and/or more accurate measurements,
* quantify the sensitivity to error sources, e.g. in tidal or non-gravitational force modelling,
* investigate the interaction with global and local modelling,
* extend the applicability to planetary satellite mission, e.g. GRAIL,
* establish a platform for the discussion and in-depth understanding of each approach and provide documentation.
It will not be the objective of this study group to identify the “best” approach as from a theoretical point of view all approaches are able to yield a solution as long as the neces-sary observations with sufficient accuracy have been made and approximations and linearization errors remain below the proposed accuracy of the new range observation. Fur-ther, solutions need validation which is done best with different and independent solution strategies in order to identify possible systematic effects.

===Methodology and Output===
The investigation will be based on an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations of each approach in combina-tion with a simulation study with step-wise increasing realism. The preparation of the simulated data set and each approach will be assigned separate work packages with subtasks, which include the above mentioned objectives. Each member is supposed to assign himself to at least one work package and contribute by adding to the discussion of the principles of each approach, supplying simulated data sets, carry out numerical investigations or develop solutions to specific problems.
The primary output is the result of the collaborative investigation of the different approaches aiming at the identification of possible challenges and the development of solutions ensuring their applicability to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations. These findings are supposed to be well documented in journal paper, possibly in a special issue of Journal of Geodesy or similar by the end of 2014. A workshop is envisaged in the vicinity of the Hotine-Marussi symposium in 2013.


===Members===

'' '''Masato Furuya, (Japan, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; Falk Amelung (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Roland Bürgmann (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Andrea Donnellan (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Yuri Fialko (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Yo Fukushima (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Sigrujon Jónsson (Switzerland)&lt;br /&gt; Zhenhong Li (UK)&lt;br /&gt; Zhong Lu (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Taku Ozawa (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Matthew Pritchard (USA)&lt;br /&gt; David Sandwell (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Masanobu Shimada (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Mark Simons (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Tim Wright (UK)&lt;br /&gt;''

'' '''Matthias Weigelt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt; Adrian Jäggi (Switzerland), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
Markus Antoni (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Oliver Baur (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Richard Biancale (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Sean Bruinsma (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Christoph Dahle (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Christian Gerlach (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Thomas Gruber (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Shin-Chan Han (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Hassan Hashemi Farahani (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt;
Wolfgang Keller (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Jean-Michel Lemoine (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Anno Löcher (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Torsten Mayer-Gürr (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Philip Moore (UK)&lt;br /&gt;
Himanshu Save (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Mohammad Sharifi (Iran)&lt;br /&gt;
Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (Taiwan)&lt;br /&gt;
Pieter Visser (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt;''

====Corresponding members====
''Christian Gruber (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Jean-Claude Raimondo (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6701" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.6: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

The GRACE-mission (Tapley et al., 2004b) proved to be one of the most important satellite missions in recent times as it enabled the recovery of the static gravity field with unprecedented accuracy and, for the first time, the determination of temporal variations on a monthly (and shorter) basis. The key instrument is the K-band ranging system which continuously measures the changes of the distance between the two GRACE satellites with an accuracy of a few micrometer. Thanks to the success of this mission, proposals have been made for the development of a GRACE-follow-on mission and a next-generation GRACE satellite system, respectively. Apart from options for a multi-satellite mission, the major improvement will be the replacement of the microwave based K-band ranging system by laser interferometry (Bender et al., 2003). The expected improvement in the accuracy is in the range of a factor 10 to 1000.
Two types of solution strategies exist for the determination of gravity field quantities from kinematic observations (range, range-rate and range-acceleration). The first type is based on numerical integration. The most common ones are the classical integration of the variational equations (Reigber, 1989; Tapley et al., 2004a), the Celestial Mechanics Approach (Beutler et al., 2010) or the short-arc method (Mayer-Gürr, 2006). The second type of solution strategies tries to make use of in-situ (pseudo)-observa-tions. The most typical ones are the energy balance approach (Jekeli, 1998; Han, 2003), the relative accelera-tion approach (Liu, 2008) or the line-of-sight gradiometry approach (Keller and Sharifi, 2005).
From a theoretical point of view all approaches are in one way or the other based on Newton's equation of motion and thus all of them should be applicable to the next generation of satellite missions as well. Practically, problems arise due to the necessity of approximations and linearizations, the accumulation of errors, the combination of highly-precise with less precise quantities, e.g. K-band with GPS, and the incorporation of auxiliary measure-ments, e.g. accelerometer data. These problems are often circumvented by introducing reference orbits, reducing the solution strategies to residual quantities, and by frequently
solving for initial conditions and/or additional empirical or stochastic parameter. In the context of the next generation of low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking systems, the question is whether these methods are still sufficient to fully exploit the potential of the improved range observations.

===Objectives===
Observations are related to gravity field quantities by means of geometry, kinematics and dynamics. The gravity field is then represented by global or local base functions. The focus of this study group is primarily on the use of spherical harmonics as base function with different approaches to relate the observations to the gravity field. However, since local methods also proofed to yield high-quality solutions, this group will be affiliated with the pro-posed study group on the "Methodology of Regional Gravity Field Modelling" by M. Schmidt and Ch. Gerlach in order to investigate the interplay with regional model-ling. The usage of other global base functions is also wel-come.
The objectives of the study group are therefore to:
* investigate each solution strategy, identify approxima-tions and linearizations and test them for their permissibility to the next generation of inter-satellite range obser-vations,
* identify limitations or the necessity for additional and/or more accurate measurements,
* quantify the sensitivity to error sources, e.g. in tidal or non-gravitational force modelling,
* investigate the interaction with global and local modelling,
* extend the applicability to planetary satellite mission, e.g. GRAIL,
* establish a platform for the discussion and in-depth understanding of each approach and provide documentation.
It will not be the objective of this study group to identify the “best” approach as from a theoretical point of view all approaches are able to yield a solution as long as the neces-sary observations with sufficient accuracy have been made and approximations and linearization errors remain below the proposed accuracy of the new range observation. Fur-ther, solutions need validation which is done best with different and independent solution strategies in order to identify possible systematic effects.

===Methodology and Output===
The investigation will be based on an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations of each approach in combina-tion with a simulation study with step-wise increasing realism. The preparation of the simulated data set and each approach will be assigned separate work packages with subtasks, which include the above mentioned objectives. Each member is supposed to assign himself to at least one work package and contribute by adding to the discussion of the principles of each approach, supplying simulated data sets, carry out numerical investigations or develop solutions to specific problems.
The primary output is the result of the collaborative investigation of the different approaches aiming at the identification of possible challenges and the development of solutions ensuring their applicability to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations. These findings are supposed to be well documented in journal paper, possibly in a special issue of Journal of Geodesy or similar by the end of 2014. A workshop is envisaged in the vicinity of the Hotine-Marussi symposium in 2013.


===Members===

'' '''Matthias Weigelt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt; Adrian Jäggi (Switzerland), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
Markus Antoni (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Oliver Baur (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Richard Biancale (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Sean Bruinsma (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Christoph Dahle (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Christian Gerlach (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Thomas Gruber (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Shin-Chan Han (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Hassan Hashemi Farahani (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt;
Wolfgang Keller (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Jean-Michel Lemoine (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Anno Löcher (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Torsten Mayer-Gürr (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Philip Moore (UK)&lt;br /&gt;
Himanshu Save (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Mohammad Sharifi (Iran)&lt;br /&gt;
Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (Taiwan)&lt;br /&gt;
Pieter Visser (The Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt;''

====Corresponding members====
''Christian Gruber (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Jean-Claude Raimondo (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2011-05-03 08:18:27+00|364">
  <title>IC SG7</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="4835" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.7: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear dif-fusion filtering'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===
Efficient numerical methods and HPC (High Performance Computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the IC SG is to apply numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM), boundary element method (BEM) and others mostly for gravity field modelling and non-linear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface. An advantage is that such numerical methods use finite elements as basis functions with local supports. Therefore a refinement of the discretization is very straightforward allowing adaptive refinement procedures as well.
In case of gravity field modelling, a parallelization of algorithms using the standard MPI (Message Passing Interface) procedures and computations on clusters with distributed memory allows to achieve global or local gravity field models of very high-resolution, where a level of the discretization practically depends on capacity of available HPC facilities. The aforementioned numerical methods allow a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. To get precise numerical solution to the geodetic boundary-value problems (BVPs) on such complicated surface it is also necessary handle problems like the oblique derivative.
Data filtering occurs in many applications of geosciences. A quality of filtering is essential for correct interpretations of obtained results. In geodesy we usually use methods based on the Gaussian filtering that corresponds to a linear diffusion. Such filtering has a uniform smoothing effect, which also blurs “edges” representing important structures in the filtered data. In contrary, a nonlinear diffusion allows adaptive smoothing that can preserve main structures in data, while a noise is effectively reduced. In image processing there are known at least two basic nonlinear diffusion models; (i) the regularized Perona-Malik model, where the diffusion coefficient depends on an edge detector, and (ii) the geodesic mean curvature flow model based on a geometrical diffusion of level-sets of the image intensity.
The aim of the SG is to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that would be useful for a variety of geodetic data, e.g., from satellite missions, satellite altimetry and others. A choice of an appropriate numerical technique is open to members of the SG. An example of the proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface.

===Objectives===

* to develop numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs using numerical methods like FEM, FVM, BEM and others,
* to investigate the problem of oblique derivative,
* to implement parallelization of numerical algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate methods for nonlinear filtering of data on closed surfaces using the regularized Perona-Malik model or mean curvature flow model,
* to derive fully-implicit and semi-implicit numerical schemes for the linear and nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* to develop algorithms for the nonlinear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface,
* to summarize the developed methods and achieved numerical results in journal papers.

===Program of activities===
active participation in major geodetic conferences,
working meetings at international symposia,
organization of a conference session.

===Members===

'' '''D. Wolf (Germany, chair)'''&lt;br /&gt; H. Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt; M. Bevis (USA)&lt;br /&gt; A. Braun (Canada)&lt;br /&gt; L. Brimich (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; B. Chao (USA)&lt;br /&gt; J. Fernandez (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fleitout (France)&lt;br /&gt; P. Gonzales (Spain)&lt;br /&gt; E. Ivins (USA)&lt;br /&gt; V. Klemann (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Z. Martinec (Czech Rep.)&lt;br /&gt; G.A. Milne (UK)&lt;br /&gt; J. Müller (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Rogister (France)&lt;br /&gt; H.-G. Scherneck (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt; G. Spada (Italy)&lt;br /&gt; W. Sun (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Tanaka (Japan)&lt;br /&gt; P. Vajda (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; P. Varga (Hungary)&lt;br /&gt; L.L.A. Vermeersen (NL)&lt;br /&gt; D. Wolf (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; P. Wu (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;''

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair&lt;br /&gt;
Karol Mikula (Slovakia), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
Ahmed Abdalla, New Zealand&lt;br /&gt;
Michal Beneš (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Zuzana Fašková (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Marek Macák (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Špir (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===
Efficient numerical methods and HPC (High Performance Computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the IC SG is to apply numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM), boundary element method (BEM) and others mostly for gravity field modelling and non-linear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface. An advantage is that such numerical methods use finite elements as basis functions with local supports. Therefore a refinement of the discretization is very straightforward allowing adaptive refinement procedures as well.
In case of gravity field modelling, a parallelization of algorithms using the standard MPI (Message Passing Interface) procedures and computations on clusters with distributed memory allows to achieve global or local gravity field models of very high-resolution, where a level of the discretization practically depends on capacity of available HPC facilities. The aforementioned numerical methods allow a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. To get precise numerical solution to the geodetic boundary-value problems (BVPs) on such complicated surface it is also necessary handle problems like the oblique derivative.
Data filtering occurs in many applications of geosciences. A quality of filtering is essential for correct interpretations of obtained results. In geodesy we usually use methods based on the Gaussian filtering that corresponds to a linear diffusion. Such filtering has a uniform smoothing effect, which also blurs “edges” representing important structures in the filtered data. In contrary, a nonlinear diffusion allows adaptive smoothing that can preserve main structures in data, while a noise is effectively reduced. In image processing there are known at least two basic nonlinear diffusion models; (i) the regularized Perona-Malik model, where the diffusion coefficient depends on an edge detector, and (ii) the geodesic mean curvature flow model based on a geometrical diffusion of level-sets of the image intensity.
The aim of the SG is to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that would be useful for a variety of geodetic data, e.g., from satellite missions, satellite altimetry and others. A choice of an appropriate numerical technique is open to members of the SG. An example of the proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface.

===Objectives===

* to develop numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs using numerical methods like FEM, FVM, BEM and others,
* to investigate the problem of oblique derivative,
* to implement parallelization of numerical algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate methods for nonlinear filtering of data on closed surfaces using the regularized Perona-Malik model or mean curvature flow model,
* to derive fully-implicit and semi-implicit numerical schemes for the linear and nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* to develop algorithms for the nonlinear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface,
* to summarize the developed methods and achieved numerical results in journal papers.

===Program of activities===
active participation in major geodetic conferences,
working meetings at international symposia,
organization of a conference session.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair&lt;br /&gt;
Karol Mikula (Slovakia), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
Ahmed Abdalla, New Zealand&lt;br /&gt;
Michal Beneš (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Zuzana Fašková (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Marek Macák (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Špir (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===
Efficient numerical methods and HPC (High Performance Computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the IC SG is to apply numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM), boundary element method (BEM) and others mostly for gravity field modelling and non-linear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface. An advantage is that such numerical methods use finite elements as basis functions with local supports. Therefore a refinement of the discretization is very straightforward allowing adaptive refinement procedures as well.
In case of gravity field modelling, a parallelization of algorithms using the standard MPI (Message Passing Interface) procedures and computations on clusters with distributed memory allows to achieve global or local gravity field models of very high-resolution, where a level of the discretization practically depends on capacity of available HPC facilities. The aforementioned numerical methods allow a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. To get precise numerical solution to the geodetic boundary-value problems (BVPs) on such complicated surface it is also necessary handle problems like the oblique derivative.
Data filtering occurs in many applications of geosciences. A quality of filtering is essential for correct interpretations of obtained results. In geodesy we usually use methods based on the Gaussian filtering that corresponds to a linear diffusion. Such filtering has a uniform smoothing effect, which also blurs “edges” representing important structures in the filtered data. In contrary, a nonlinear diffusion allows adaptive smoothing that can preserve main structures in data, while a noise is effectively reduced. In image processing there are known at least two basic nonlinear diffusion models; (i) the regularized Perona-Malik model, where the diffusion coefficient depends on an edge detector, and (ii) the geodesic mean curvature flow model based on a geometrical diffusion of level-sets of the image intensity.
The aim of the SG is to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that would be useful for a variety of geodetic data, e.g., from satellite missions, satellite altimetry and others. A choice of an appropriate numerical technique is open to members of the SG. An example of the proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface.

===Objectives===

* to develop numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs using numerical methods like FEM, FVM, BEM and others,
* to investigate the problem of oblique derivative,
* to implement parallelization of numerical algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate methods for nonlinear filtering of data on closed surfaces using the regularized Perona-Malik model or mean curvature flow model,
* to derive fully-implicit and semi-implicit numerical schemes for the linear and nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* to develop algorithms for the nonlinear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface,
* to summarize the developed methods and achieved numerical results in journal papers.

===Program of activities===
active participation in major geodetic conferences,
working meetings at international symposia,
organization of a conference session.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Karol Mikula (Slovakia), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
Ahmed Abdalla, New Zealand&lt;br /&gt;
Michal Beneš (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Zuzana Fašková (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Marek Macák (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Špir (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4218" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.7: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear dif-fusion filtering'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===
Efficient numerical methods and HPC (High Performance Computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the IC SG is to apply numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM), boundary element method (BEM) and others mostly for gravity field modelling and non-linear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface. An advantage is that such numerical methods use finite elements as basis functions with local supports. Therefore a refinement of the discretization is very straightforward allowing adaptive refinement procedures as well.
In case of gravity field modelling, a parallelization of algorithms using the standard MPI (Message Passing Interface) procedures and computations on clusters with distributed memory allows to achieve global or local gravity field models of very high-resolution, where a level of the discretization practically depends on capacity of available HPC facilities. The aforementioned numerical methods allow a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. To get precise numerical solution to the geodetic boundary-value problems (BVPs) on such complicated surface it is also necessary handle problems like the oblique derivative.
Data filtering occurs in many applications of geosciences. A quality of filtering is essential for correct interpretations of obtained results. In geodesy we usually use methods based on the Gaussian filtering that corresponds to a linear diffusion. Such filtering has a uniform smoothing effect, which also blurs “edges” representing important structures in the filtered data. In contrary, a nonlinear diffusion allows adaptive smoothing that can preserve main structures in data, while a noise is effectively reduced. In image processing there are known at least two basic nonlinear diffusion models; (i) the regularized Perona-Malik model, where the diffusion coefficient depends on an edge detector, and (ii) the geodesic mean curvature flow model based on a geometrical diffusion of level-sets of the image intensity.
The aim of the SG is to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that would be useful for a variety of geodetic data, e.g., from satellite missions, satellite altimetry and others. A choice of an appropriate numerical technique is open to members of the SG. An example of the proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface.

===Objectives===

* to develop numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs using numerical methods like FEM, FVM, BEM and others,
* to investigate the problem of oblique derivative,
* to implement parallelization of numerical algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate methods for nonlinear filtering of data on closed surfaces using the regularized Perona-Malik model or mean curvature flow model,
* to derive fully-implicit and semi-implicit numerical schemes for the linear and nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* to develop algorithms for the nonlinear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface,
* to summarize the developed methods and achieved numerical results in journal papers.

===Program of activities===
active participation in major geodetic conferences,
working meetings at international symposia,
organization of a conference session.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Karol Mikula (Slovakia), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
Ahmed Abdalla, (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;
Michal Beneš (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Zuzana Fašková (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Marek Macák (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Špir (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2011-05-03 08:18:27+00|364">
  <title>IC SG8</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>21</id>
  <revision>
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    <timestamp>2012-06-29T10:34:39Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="3129" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.8: Earth System Interaction from Space Geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

The gravity field and geodetic mass loading reflect mass redistribution and transport in the Earth’s fluid envelope, and in particular interactions between atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface and the solid Earth due to climate change and tectonics activities, e.g., dynamic and kinematic processes and co-/post-seismic deformation. However, the traditional ground techniques are very difficult to obtain high temporal-spatial resolution information and processes, particularly in Tibet.
With the launch of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission since 2002, it was very successful to monitor the Earth’s time-variable gravity field by determining very accurately the relative position of a pair of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Therefore, the new generation of the gravity field derived from terrestrial and space gravimetry, provides a unique oppor-tunity to investigate gravity-solid earth coupling, physics and dynamics of the Earth’s interior, and mass flux interaction within the Earth system, together with GPS/InSAR.

===Objectives===

* To quantify mass transport within the Earth’s fluid envelope and their interaction in the Earth system.
* To monitor tectonic motions using gravimetry/GPS, including India-Tibet collision, post-glacial uplift and the deformation associated with active tectonic events, such as earthquakes and volcanoes.
* To develop inversion algorithm and theories in a Spherical Earth on gravity field related deformation and gravity-solid Earth coupling, e.g. crust thickness, iso-static Moho undulations, mass loadings and geodynamics.
* To develop methods to extract a geodynamic signals related to Solid-Earth mantle and/or core and to under-stand the physical properties of the Earth interior and its dynamics from the joint use of gravity data and other geophysical measurements.
* To analyze and model geodynamic processes from iso-static modelling of gravity and topography data as well as density structure of the Earth’s deep interior.
* To address mantle viscosity from analyzing post-seismic deformations of large earthquakes and post-glacial rebound (PGR) and to explain the physical relationships between deformation, seismicity, mantle dynamics, litho-spheric rheology, isostatic response, etc.
* To achieve these objectives, the IC SG interacts and collaborates with the ICCT and all IAG Commissions.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of SG workshop and of conference sessions,
* Participation in related scientific conference and sympo-sia,
* Supporting contributions to the ICCT activities.

===Members===

'' '''Shuanggen Jin (China), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; 
David J. Crossley (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Carla Braitenberg (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;
Isabelle Panet (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Jacques Hinderer (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Séverine Rosat (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Tonie M. van Dam (Luxembour)&lt;br /&gt;
Urs Marti (Switzerland)&lt;br /&gt;
Patrick Wu (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;
Isabella Velicogna (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Nico Sneeuw (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>0e83fadb45e847915a7e4dd14633fe239d21af6f</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2012-07-02 09:13:28+00|195">
  <title>IC SG3</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>10</id>
  <revision>
    <id>195</id>
    <parentid>186</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:13:28Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Members */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5574" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.3: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Schmidt (Germany), Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Traditionally the gravitational potential of the Earth and other celestial bodies is modelled as a series expansion in terms of spherical harmonics. Although this representation is technically possible for ultra-high expansions, it is well-known that spherical harmonic approaches cannot represent data of heterogeneous density and quality in a proper way. In order to overcome these and other deficiencies regional modelling comes into question.

In the last years many groups have developed sophisticated approaches for regional modelling, e.g., the expansion of the gravity field or functionals of the field in terms of spherical (radial) base functions. Analogously to spherical harmonic approaches, also in regional modelling the unknown model parameters, i.e., the coefficients of the series expansion, can be either determined by means of numerical integration or as the solution of a parameter estimation process. Numerical integration techniques are widely used in the mathematical community and provide efficient and stable solutions. However, numerical integration techniques suffer from important disadvantages. Among others these methods (1) require the input data to be given on a spherical integration grid, (2) cannot provide estimated error variances and covariances of the model parameters and (3) have difficulties to handle the combination of data from different measurement techniques. Due to these disadvantages, parameter estimation is the preferred strategy in the geodetic community. Although solutions in regional modelling based on parameter estimation are generated by several groups since many years, a large number of unsolved problems and open questions still remain. They mostly arise from the condition of the normal equation system and are therefore directly connected to the parametrization of the gravity field, the type and distribution of observation data, the choice and location of base functions, possible regularisation schemes, etc.

The aim of the JSG is to find guidelines on suitable strategies for setting up the parameter estimation of regional gravity field modelling. This includes appropriate strategies for the combination of satellite, airborne and terrestrial data. The focus of the JSG is on the methodological foundation of regional gravity field modelling based on series expansions in terms of localizing base functions. Therefore, numerical studies will be concentrated on simulations based on synthetic data. It is not the aim of the JSG to process and compare solutions from real data.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this JSG are:
* to collect information of available methodologies and strategies for regional modelling, including
** the type of base functions (splines, wavelets, Slepian function, Mascons, etc.),
** the point grids for placing the functions (standard grid, icosaeder, Reuter grid, etc. on a sphere, ellipsoid, etc.),
** the choice and establishment of an appropriate adjustment model (combination strategy, variance component estimation, rank deficiency problems, e.g., due to downward continuation, etc.),
** the consideration of model errors (truncation errors, edge effects, leakage, etc.),
** the specific field of application,
* to analyze the collected information in order to find specific properties of the different approaches and to find, why certain strategies have been chosen,
* to create a benchmark data set for comparative numerical studies,
* to carry out numerical comparisons between different solution strategies for estimating the model parameters and to validate the results with other approaches (spherical harmonic models, least-squares collocation, etc.),
* to quantify and interpret the differences of the comparisons with a focus on detection, explanation and treatment of inconsistencies and possible instabilities of the different approaches,
* to create guidelines for generating regional gravity solutions,
* to outline standards and conventions for future regional gravity products.
* Comparable work outside gravity field determination, e.g., in the mathematical communities and in geomagnetic field determination will be taken into account.
* To achieve the objectives, the JSG interacts and collaborates with other ICCT JSGs as well as IAG Commission 2. As a matter of fact, the outcomes of the JSG can be also used by other IAG commissions, especially in Commission 3.
* The JSG's work will be distributed to IAG sister associations through respective members.

===Program of Activities===

The JSG’s program of activities will include organization of SG meetings and of one or more scientific workshops on regional modelling
participation in respective symposia (EGU, AGU, etc.), publication of important findings in proper journals, maintaining a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results, supporting ICCT activities.

===Members===

'' '''Michael Schmidt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Annette Eicker (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Indridi Einarsson (Denmark) &lt;br /&gt; Junyi Guo (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Majid Naeimi (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Isabelle Panet (France) &lt;br /&gt; Judith Schall (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Uwe Schäfer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Frederick Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; C.K. Shum (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Matthias Weigelt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Gongyou Wu (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>fb9821b39c35e9308ac7b05ba01f551e47c62488</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>184</id>
    <parentid>183</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:58:24Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5569" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.3: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Schmidt (Germany), Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Traditionally the gravitational potential of the Earth and other celestial bodies is modelled as a series expansion in terms of spherical harmonics. Although this representation is technically possible for ultra-high expansions, it is well-known that spherical harmonic approaches cannot represent data of heterogeneous density and quality in a proper way. In order to overcome these and other deficiencies regional modelling comes into question.

In the last years many groups have developed sophisticated approaches for regional modelling, e.g., the expansion of the gravity field or functionals of the field in terms of spherical (radial) base functions. Analogously to spherical harmonic approaches, also in regional modelling the unknown model parameters, i.e., the coefficients of the series expansion, can be either determined by means of numerical integration or as the solution of a parameter estimation process. Numerical integration techniques are widely used in the mathematical community and provide efficient and stable solutions. However, numerical integration techniques suffer from important disadvantages. Among others these methods (1) require the input data to be given on a spherical integration grid, (2) cannot provide estimated error variances and covariances of the model parameters and (3) have difficulties to handle the combination of data from different measurement techniques. Due to these disadvantages, parameter estimation is the preferred strategy in the geodetic community. Although solutions in regional modelling based on parameter estimation are generated by several groups since many years, a large number of unsolved problems and open questions still remain. They mostly arise from the condition of the normal equation system and are therefore directly connected to the parametrization of the gravity field, the type and distribution of observation data, the choice and location of base functions, possible regularisation schemes, etc.

The aim of the JSG is to find guidelines on suitable strategies for setting up the parameter estimation of regional gravity field modelling. This includes appropriate strategies for the combination of satellite, airborne and terrestrial data. The focus of the JSG is on the methodological foundation of regional gravity field modelling based on series expansions in terms of localizing base functions. Therefore, numerical studies will be concentrated on simulations based on synthetic data. It is not the aim of the JSG to process and compare solutions from real data.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this JSG are:
* to collect information of available methodologies and strategies for regional modelling, including
** the type of base functions (splines, wavelets, Slepian function, Mascons, etc.),
** the point grids for placing the functions (standard grid, icosaeder, Reuter grid, etc. on a sphere, ellipsoid, etc.),
** the choice and establishment of an appropriate adjustment model (combination strategy, variance component estimation, rank deficiency problems, e.g., due to downward continuation, etc.),
** the consideration of model errors (truncation errors, edge effects, leakage, etc.),
** the specific field of application,
* to analyze the collected information in order to find specific properties of the different approaches and to find, why certain strategies have been chosen,
* to create a benchmark data set for comparative numerical studies,
* to carry out numerical comparisons between different solution strategies for estimating the model parameters and to validate the results with other approaches (spherical harmonic models, least-squares collocation, etc.),
* to quantify and interpret the differences of the comparisons with a focus on detection, explanation and treatment of inconsistencies and possible instabilities of the different approaches,
* to create guidelines for generating regional gravity solutions,
* to outline standards and conventions for future regional gravity products,

Comparable work outside gravity field determination, e.g., in the mathematical communities and in geomagnetic field determination will be taken into account. To achieve the objectives, the JSG interacts and collaborates with other ICCT JSGs as well as IAG Commission 2. As a matter of fact, the outcomes of the JSG can be also used by other IAG commissions, especially in Commission 3.
The JSG's work will be distributed to IAG sister associations through respective members.

===Program of Activities===

The JSG’s program of activities will include organization of SG meetings and of one or more scientific workshops on regional modelling
participation in respective symposia (EGU, AGU, etc.), publication of important findings in proper journals, maintaining a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results, supporting ICCT activities.

===Members===

'' '''Michael Schmidt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Annette Eicker (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Indridi Einarsson (Denmark) &lt;br /&gt; Junyi Guo (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Majid Naeimi (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Isabelle Panet (France) &lt;br /&gt; Judith Schall (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Uwe Schäfer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Frederick Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; C.K. Shum (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Matthias Weigelt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Gongyou Wu (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>ab2460a73d589e71fd3dd4162ab4d511218e3f78</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>185</id>
    <parentid>184</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:58:50Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Program of Activities */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5570" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.3: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Schmidt (Germany), Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Traditionally the gravitational potential of the Earth and other celestial bodies is modelled as a series expansion in terms of spherical harmonics. Although this representation is technically possible for ultra-high expansions, it is well-known that spherical harmonic approaches cannot represent data of heterogeneous density and quality in a proper way. In order to overcome these and other deficiencies regional modelling comes into question.

In the last years many groups have developed sophisticated approaches for regional modelling, e.g., the expansion of the gravity field or functionals of the field in terms of spherical (radial) base functions. Analogously to spherical harmonic approaches, also in regional modelling the unknown model parameters, i.e., the coefficients of the series expansion, can be either determined by means of numerical integration or as the solution of a parameter estimation process. Numerical integration techniques are widely used in the mathematical community and provide efficient and stable solutions. However, numerical integration techniques suffer from important disadvantages. Among others these methods (1) require the input data to be given on a spherical integration grid, (2) cannot provide estimated error variances and covariances of the model parameters and (3) have difficulties to handle the combination of data from different measurement techniques. Due to these disadvantages, parameter estimation is the preferred strategy in the geodetic community. Although solutions in regional modelling based on parameter estimation are generated by several groups since many years, a large number of unsolved problems and open questions still remain. They mostly arise from the condition of the normal equation system and are therefore directly connected to the parametrization of the gravity field, the type and distribution of observation data, the choice and location of base functions, possible regularisation schemes, etc.

The aim of the JSG is to find guidelines on suitable strategies for setting up the parameter estimation of regional gravity field modelling. This includes appropriate strategies for the combination of satellite, airborne and terrestrial data. The focus of the JSG is on the methodological foundation of regional gravity field modelling based on series expansions in terms of localizing base functions. Therefore, numerical studies will be concentrated on simulations based on synthetic data. It is not the aim of the JSG to process and compare solutions from real data.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this JSG are:
* to collect information of available methodologies and strategies for regional modelling, including
** the type of base functions (splines, wavelets, Slepian function, Mascons, etc.),
** the point grids for placing the functions (standard grid, icosaeder, Reuter grid, etc. on a sphere, ellipsoid, etc.),
** the choice and establishment of an appropriate adjustment model (combination strategy, variance component estimation, rank deficiency problems, e.g., due to downward continuation, etc.),
** the consideration of model errors (truncation errors, edge effects, leakage, etc.),
** the specific field of application,
* to analyze the collected information in order to find specific properties of the different approaches and to find, why certain strategies have been chosen,
* to create a benchmark data set for comparative numerical studies,
* to carry out numerical comparisons between different solution strategies for estimating the model parameters and to validate the results with other approaches (spherical harmonic models, least-squares collocation, etc.),
* to quantify and interpret the differences of the comparisons with a focus on detection, explanation and treatment of inconsistencies and possible instabilities of the different approaches,
* to create guidelines for generating regional gravity solutions,
* to outline standards and conventions for future regional gravity products,

Comparable work outside gravity field determination, e.g., in the mathematical communities and in geomagnetic field determination will be taken into account. To achieve the objectives, the JSG interacts and collaborates with other ICCT JSGs as well as IAG Commission 2. As a matter of fact, the outcomes of the JSG can be also used by other IAG commissions, especially in Commission 3.
The JSG's work will be distributed to IAG sister associations through respective members.

===Program of Activities===

The JSG’s program of activities will include organization of JSG meetings and of one or more scientific workshops on regional modelling participation in respective symposia (EGU, AGU, etc.), publication of important findings in proper journals, maintaining a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results, supporting ICCT activities.

===Members===

'' '''Michael Schmidt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Annette Eicker (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Indridi Einarsson (Denmark) &lt;br /&gt; Junyi Guo (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Majid Naeimi (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Isabelle Panet (France) &lt;br /&gt; Judith Schall (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Uwe Schäfer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Frederick Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; C.K. Shum (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Matthias Weigelt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Gongyou Wu (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>f61c031d0e6b5b78dd7ee3847e9feb54991faf81</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2012-07-02 09:13:28+00|195">
  <title>IC SG4</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>11</id>
  <revision>
    <id>198</id>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:42:14Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Introduction */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3215" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.4: Coordinate systems in
numerical weather models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''T. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''all Commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Numerical weather models (NWMs) contain valuable information that is relevant for a variety of geodetic models. Currently no clear description exists regarding how to deal with the NWM coordinate systems when carrying out the calculations in a geodetic reference frame. The problem can be split into two questions: First, how to relate the horizontal NWM coordinates, which are in most cases geocentric coordinates, derived initially from either Cartesian or spectral representations, properly into an ellipsoidal/geodetic frame? Second, how to transform the NWM height system into elliptical heights as used within geodesy? Although some work has been already done to answer these questions, still no procedures, guidelines or standards have been defined in order to consistently transform the meteorological information into a geodetic reference frame.

The study group will categorize the NWM coordinate systems, create mathematical models for transformation and summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as guidelines for those who intend to utilize NWM information. In addition, it will be necessary to define such transformations in both ways, in order to enable the assimilation of geodetic measurements into meteorological models as well. Moreover, the study group will deal with the issue of surface data contained in NWM and how this information can be consistently used.

===Objectives===

* Understand the horizontal coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Understand the vertical coordinate systems of the differ-ent NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Formulate a clear mathematical description on how to transform between NWMs and a geodetic frame (in both directions)
* Summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as a standard for future use of NWM-produced fields.

===Program of Activities===

Launch a web-page for dissemination of information, pre-sentation, communication, outreach purposes; provide a bibliography
Conduct working meetings in association with inter-national conferences; present research results in appropri-ate sessions
Organize workshops dedicated mainly to problem identifi-cation and to motivation of relevant scientific research
Produce at least one peer-reviewed paper that presents a clear and consistent description of how to transform in-formation from and to NWMs, and the relevance of different NWM structures, and, if possible, a second paper that deals with the uncertainty of the NWM related coordinate information will be considered.

===Members===

'' '''Thomas Hobiger (Japan), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Tonie van Dam (Luxembourg)&lt;br /&gt;Pascal Gegout (France)&lt;br /&gt;Rüdiger Haas (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;Ryuichi Ichikawa (Japan)&lt;br /&gt;
Arthur Niell (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Felipe Nievinski (USA)&lt;br /&gt;David Salstein (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Marcelo Santos (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schindelegger (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;Henrik Vedel (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Jens Wickert (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Florian Zus (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>460ddfc67957e4c23c0e9d3258b3b37a9434df90</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>207</id>
    <parentid>198</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:42:30Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3214" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.4: Coordinate systems in
numerical weather models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''T. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''all Commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Numerical weather models (NWMs) contain valuable information that is relevant for a variety of geodetic models. Currently no clear description exists regarding how to deal with the NWM coordinate systems when carrying out the calculations in a geodetic reference frame. The problem can be split into two questions: First, how to relate the horizontal NWM coordinates, which are in most cases geocentric coordinates, derived initially from either Cartesian or spectral representations, properly into an ellipsoidal/geodetic frame? Second, how to transform the NWM height system into elliptical heights as used within geodesy? Although some work has been already done to answer these questions, still no procedures, guidelines or standards have been defined in order to consistently transform the meteorological information into a geodetic reference frame.

The study group will categorize the NWM coordinate systems, create mathematical models for transformation and summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as guidelines for those who intend to utilize NWM information. In addition, it will be necessary to define such transformations in both ways, in order to enable the assimilation of geodetic measurements into meteorological models as well. Moreover, the study group will deal with the issue of surface data contained in NWM and how this information can be consistently used.

===Objectives===

* Understand the horizontal coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Understand the vertical coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Formulate a clear mathematical description on how to transform between NWMs and a geodetic frame (in both directions)
* Summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as a standard for future use of NWM-produced fields.

===Program of Activities===

Launch a web-page for dissemination of information, pre-sentation, communication, outreach purposes; provide a bibliography
Conduct working meetings in association with inter-national conferences; present research results in appropri-ate sessions
Organize workshops dedicated mainly to problem identifi-cation and to motivation of relevant scientific research
Produce at least one peer-reviewed paper that presents a clear and consistent description of how to transform in-formation from and to NWMs, and the relevance of different NWM structures, and, if possible, a second paper that deals with the uncertainty of the NWM related coordinate information will be considered.

===Members===

'' '''Thomas Hobiger (Japan), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Tonie van Dam (Luxembourg)&lt;br /&gt;Pascal Gegout (France)&lt;br /&gt;Rüdiger Haas (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;Ryuichi Ichikawa (Japan)&lt;br /&gt;
Arthur Niell (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Felipe Nievinski (USA)&lt;br /&gt;David Salstein (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Marcelo Santos (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schindelegger (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;Henrik Vedel (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Jens Wickert (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Florian Zus (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>f092b0b808d1c7f38b19120d467485c09b790d2f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>196</id>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:43:00Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Program of Activities */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3208" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.4: Coordinate systems in
numerical weather models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''T. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''all Commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Numerical weather models (NWMs) contain valuable information that is relevant for a variety of geodetic models. Currently no clear description exists regarding how to deal with the NWM coordinate systems when carrying out the calculations in a geodetic reference frame. The problem can be split into two questions: First, how to relate the horizontal NWM coordinates, which are in most cases geocentric coordinates, derived initially from either Cartesian or spectral representations, properly into an ellipsoidal/geodetic frame? Second, how to transform the NWM height system into elliptical heights as used within geodesy? Although some work has been already done to answer these questions, still no procedures, guidelines or standards have been defined in order to consistently transform the meteorological information into a geodetic reference frame.

The study group will categorize the NWM coordinate systems, create mathematical models for transformation and summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as guidelines for those who intend to utilize NWM information. In addition, it will be necessary to define such transformations in both ways, in order to enable the assimilation of geodetic measurements into meteorological models as well. Moreover, the study group will deal with the issue of surface data contained in NWM and how this information can be consistently used.

===Objectives===

* Understand the horizontal coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Understand the vertical coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Formulate a clear mathematical description on how to transform between NWMs and a geodetic frame (in both directions)
* Summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as a standard for future use of NWM-produced fields.

===Program of Activities===

Launch a webpage for dissemination of information, presentation, communication, outreach purposes; provide a bibliography
Conduct working meetings in association with international conferences; present research results in appropriate sessions
Organize workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and to motivation of relevant scientific research
Produce at least one peer-reviewed paper that presents a clear and consistent description of how to transform information from and to NWMs, and the relevance of different NWM structures, and, if possible, a second paper that deals with the uncertainty of the NWM related coordinate information will be considered.

===Members===

'' '''Thomas Hobiger (Japan), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Johannes Boehm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;
Tonie van Dam (Luxembourg)&lt;br /&gt;Pascal Gegout (France)&lt;br /&gt;Rüdiger Haas (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;Ryuichi Ichikawa (Japan)&lt;br /&gt;
Arthur Niell (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Felipe Nievinski (USA)&lt;br /&gt;David Salstein (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Marcelo Santos (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schindelegger (Austria)&lt;br /&gt;Henrik Vedel (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Jens Wickert (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Florian Zus (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>20cecf98f432daa85308553b1624a8dbaaf7fdee</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>197</id>
    <parentid>196</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:44:01Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Members */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3229" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.4: Coordinate systems in
numerical weather models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''T. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''all Commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Numerical weather models (NWMs) contain valuable information that is relevant for a variety of geodetic models. Currently no clear description exists regarding how to deal with the NWM coordinate systems when carrying out the calculations in a geodetic reference frame. The problem can be split into two questions: First, how to relate the horizontal NWM coordinates, which are in most cases geocentric coordinates, derived initially from either Cartesian or spectral representations, properly into an ellipsoidal/geodetic frame? Second, how to transform the NWM height system into elliptical heights as used within geodesy? Although some work has been already done to answer these questions, still no procedures, guidelines or standards have been defined in order to consistently transform the meteorological information into a geodetic reference frame.

The study group will categorize the NWM coordinate systems, create mathematical models for transformation and summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as guidelines for those who intend to utilize NWM information. In addition, it will be necessary to define such transformations in both ways, in order to enable the assimilation of geodetic measurements into meteorological models as well. Moreover, the study group will deal with the issue of surface data contained in NWM and how this information can be consistently used.

===Objectives===

* Understand the horizontal coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Understand the vertical coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Formulate a clear mathematical description on how to transform between NWMs and a geodetic frame (in both directions)
* Summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as a standard for future use of NWM-produced fields.

===Program of Activities===

Launch a webpage for dissemination of information, presentation, communication, outreach purposes; provide a bibliography
Conduct working meetings in association with international conferences; present research results in appropriate sessions
Organize workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and to motivation of relevant scientific research
Produce at least one peer-reviewed paper that presents a clear and consistent description of how to transform information from and to NWMs, and the relevance of different NWM structures, and, if possible, a second paper that deals with the uncertainty of the NWM related coordinate information will be considered.

===Members===

'' '''Thomas Hobiger (Japan), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Johannes Boehm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; Tonie van Dam (Luxembourg) &lt;br /&gt;Pascal Gegout (France) &lt;br /&gt; Rüdiger Haas (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ryuichi Ichikawa (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Arthur Niell (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Felipe Nievinski (USA) &lt;br /&gt; David Salstein (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Marcelo Santos (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;Michael Schindelegger (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Henrik Vedel (Denmark) &lt;br /&gt; Jens Wickert (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Florian Zus (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <text bytes="3246" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.4: Coordinate systems in
numerical weather models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''T. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''all Commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Numerical weather models (NWMs) contain valuable information that is relevant for a variety of geodetic models. Currently no clear description exists regarding how to deal with the NWM coordinate systems when carrying out the calculations in a geodetic reference frame. The problem can be split into two questions: First, how to relate the horizontal NWM coordinates, which are in most cases geocentric coordinates, derived initially from either Cartesian or spectral representations, properly into an ellipsoidal/geodetic frame? Second, how to transform the NWM height system into elliptical heights as used within geodesy? Although some work has been already done to answer these questions, still no procedures, guidelines or standards have been defined in order to consistently transform the meteorological information into a geodetic reference frame.

The study group will categorize the NWM coordinate systems, create mathematical models for transformation and summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as guidelines for those who intend to utilize NWM information. In addition, it will be necessary to define such transformations in both ways, in order to enable the assimilation of geodetic measurements into meteorological models as well. Moreover, the study group will deal with the issue of surface data contained in NWM and how this information can be consistently used.

===Objectives===

* Understand the horizontal coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Understand the vertical coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Formulate a clear mathematical description on how to transform between NWMs and a geodetic frame (in both directions)
* Summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as a standard for future use of NWM-produced fields.

===Program of Activities===

* Launch a webpage for dissemination of information, presentation, communication, outreach purposes. 
* Provide a bibliography.
* Conduct working meetings in association with international conferences. 
* Present research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organize workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and to motivation of relevant scientific research.
* Produce at least one peer-reviewed paper that presents a clear and consistent description of how to transform information from and to NWMs, and the relevance of different NWM structures, and, if possible, a second paper that deals with the uncertainty of the NWM related coordinate information will be considered.

===Members===

'' '''Thomas Hobiger (Japan), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Johannes Boehm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; Tonie van Dam (Luxembourg) &lt;br /&gt;Pascal Gegout (France) &lt;br /&gt; Rüdiger Haas (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ryuichi Ichikawa (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Arthur Niell (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Felipe Nievinski (USA) &lt;br /&gt; David Salstein (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Marcelo Santos (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;Michael Schindelegger (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Henrik Vedel (Denmark) &lt;br /&gt; Jens Wickert (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Florian Zus (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>a4f2623741b84124ef7e61e43ec596f48857e63c</sha1>
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Chair:''T. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''all Commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Numerical weather models (NWMs) contain valuable information that is relevant for a variety of geodetic models. Currently no clear description exists regarding how to deal with the NWM coordinate systems when carrying out the calculations in a geodetic reference frame. The problem can be split into two questions: First, how to relate the horizontal NWM coordinates, which are in most cases geocentric coordinates, derived initially from either Cartesian or spectral representations, properly into an ellipsoidal/geodetic frame? Second, how to transform the NWM height system into elliptical heights as used within geodesy? Although some work has been already done to answer these questions, still no procedures, guidelines or standards have been defined in order to consistently transform the meteorological information into a geodetic reference frame.

The study group will categorize the NWM coordinate systems, create mathematical models for transformation and summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as guidelines for those who intend to utilize NWM information. In addition, it will be necessary to define such transformations in both ways, in order to enable the assimilation of geodetic measurements into meteorological models as well. Moreover, the study group will deal with the issue of surface data contained in NWM and how this information can be consistently used.

===Objectives===

* Understand the horizontal coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Understand the vertical coordinate systems of the different NWMs, ranging from global to small-scale regional models
* Formulate a clear mathematical description on how to transform between NWMs and a geodetic frame (in both directions)
* Summarize these findings in a peer-reviewed paper that will act as a standard for future use of NWM-produced fields.

===Program of Activities===

* Launch a webpage for dissemination of information, presentation, communication, outreach purposes. 
* Provide a bibliography.
* Conduct working meetings in association with international conferences. 
* Present research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organize workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and to motivation of relevant scientific research.
* Produce at least one peer-reviewed paper that presents a clear and consistent description of how to transform information from and to NWMs, and the relevance of different NWM structures, and, if possible, a second paper that deals with the uncertainty of the NWM related coordinate information will be considered.

===Members===

'' '''Thomas Hobiger (Japan), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Johannes Boehm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; Tonie van Dam (Luxembourg) &lt;br /&gt;Pascal Gegout (France) &lt;br /&gt; Rüdiger Haas (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ryuichi Ichikawa (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Arthur Niell (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Felipe Nievinski (USA) &lt;br /&gt; David Salstein (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Marcelo Santos (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;Michael Schindelegger (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Henrik Vedel (Denmark) &lt;br /&gt; Jens Wickert (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Florian Zus (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>dd611db5cfa4362b8f805bc4f35b64a60210ab66</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="2012-07-02 09:13:28+00|195">
  <title>IC SG5</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:45:31Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
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    <text bytes="6957" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.5: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral
geodetic signals'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rotation. In respective balance equations the geodetic parameters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been determined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.

However, in general the integral parameter time series cannot be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensitive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the development of strategies for the separation of the integral geodetic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momentum.

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic para-meters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.
Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contribu-tions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite alti-metry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of differ-ent observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary space-borne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of pro-cesses within atmosphere and hydrosphere.
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types. This comprehends in-vestigations on appropriate methods for parameter esti-mation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems.
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the infor-mation content (e.g. filters)
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momen-tum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individ-ual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a SG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geo-detic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14)
* Common publications of SG members
* Common fund raising activities (e.g. for PhD positions)

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combina-tion including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales
Initiation of at least one common funded project with posi-tions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Sarah Abelen (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt;Andreas Güntner (Germany)
&lt;br /&gt;Karin Hedman (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Franz Meyer (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Manuela Seitz (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Alka Singh (India)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <revision>
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    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:47:06Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
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    <text bytes="6952" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.5: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral
geodetic signals'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rotation. In respective balance equations the geodetic parameters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been determined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.

However, in general the integral parameter time series cannot be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensitive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the development of strategies for the separation of the integral geodetic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momentum.

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic parameters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.

Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contributions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite altimetry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary spaceborne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of processes within atmosphere and hydrosphere,
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets,
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types; this comprehends investigations on appropriate methods for parameter estimation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems,
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the information content (e.g., filters),
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momentum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis.
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individ-ual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a SG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geo-detic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14)
* Common publications of SG members
* Common fund raising activities (e.g. for PhD positions)

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combina-tion including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales
Initiation of at least one common funded project with posi-tions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Sarah Abelen (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt;Andreas Güntner (Germany)
&lt;br /&gt;Karin Hedman (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Franz Meyer (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Manuela Seitz (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Alka Singh (India)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rotation. In respective balance equations the geodetic parameters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been determined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.

However, in general the integral parameter time series cannot be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensitive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the development of strategies for the separation of the integral geodetic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momentum.

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic parameters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.

Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contributions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite altimetry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary spaceborne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of processes within atmosphere and hydrosphere,
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets,
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types; this comprehends investigations on appropriate methods for parameter estimation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems,
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the information content (e.g., filters),
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momentum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis.
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individ-ual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a JSG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14)
* Common publications of SG members
* Common fund raising activities (e.g., for PhD. positions)

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combina-tion including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales
Initiation of at least one common funded project with posi-tions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Sarah Abelen (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt;Andreas Güntner (Germany)
&lt;br /&gt;Karin Hedman (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Franz Meyer (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Manuela Seitz (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Alka Singh (India)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rotation. In respective balance equations the geodetic parameters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been determined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.

However, in general the integral parameter time series cannot be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensitive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the development of strategies for the separation of the integral geodetic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momentum.

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic parameters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.

Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contributions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite altimetry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary spaceborne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of processes within atmosphere and hydrosphere,
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets,
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types; this comprehends investigations on appropriate methods for parameter estimation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems,
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the information content (e.g., filters),
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momentum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis,
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales,
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies.

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a JSG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14)
* Common publications of SG members
* Common fund raising activities (e.g., for PhD. positions)

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combina-tion including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales
Initiation of at least one common funded project with posi-tions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Sarah Abelen (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt;Andreas Güntner (Germany)
&lt;br /&gt;Karin Hedman (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Franz Meyer (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Manuela Seitz (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Alka Singh (India)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6957" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.5: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rotation. In respective balance equations the geodetic parameters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been determined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.

However, in general the integral parameter time series cannot be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensitive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the development of strategies for the separation of the integral geodetic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momentum.

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic parameters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.

Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contributions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite altimetry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary spaceborne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of processes within atmosphere and hydrosphere,
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets,
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types; this comprehends investigations on appropriate methods for parameter estimation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems,
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the information content (e.g., filters),
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momentum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis,
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales,
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies.

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a JSG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14)
* Common publications of SG members
* Common fund raising activities (e.g., for PhD. positions)

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combina-tion including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects.
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales.
Initiation of at least one common funded project with positions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group.

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Sarah Abelen (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt;Andreas Güntner (Germany)
&lt;br /&gt;Karin Hedman (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Franz Meyer (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Michael Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Manuela Seitz (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Alka Singh (India)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rotation. In respective balance equations the geodetic parameters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been determined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.

However, in general the integral parameter time series cannot be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensitive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the development of strategies for the separation of the integral geodetic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momentum.

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic parameters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.

Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contributions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite altimetry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary spaceborne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of processes within atmosphere and hydrosphere,
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets,
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types; this comprehends investigations on appropriate methods for parameter estimation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems,
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the information content (e.g., filters),
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momentum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis,
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales,
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies.

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a JSG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14)
* Common publications of SG members
* Common fund raising activities (e.g., for PhD. positions)

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combina-tion including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects.
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales.
Initiation of at least one common funded project with positions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group.

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sarah Abelen (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Andreas Güntner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Karin Hedman (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Alka Singh (India) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rotation. In respective balance equations the geodetic parameters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been determined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.

However, in general the integral parameter time series cannot be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensitive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the development of strategies for the separation of the integral geodetic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momentum.

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic parameters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.

Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contributions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite altimetry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary spaceborne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of processes within atmosphere and hydrosphere,
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets,
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types; this comprehends investigations on appropriate methods for parameter estimation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems,
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the information content (e.g., filters),
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momentum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis,
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales,
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies.

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a JSG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium,
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14).
* Common publications of SG members.
* Common fund raising activities (e.g., for PhD. positions).

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combina-tion including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects.
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales.
Initiation of at least one common funded project with positions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group.

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sarah Abelen (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Andreas Güntner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Karin Hedman (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Alka Singh (India) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rotation. In respective balance equations the geodetic parameters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been determined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.

However, in general the integral parameter time series cannot be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensitive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the development of strategies for the separation of the integral geodetic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momentum.

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic parameters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.

Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contributions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite altimetry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary spaceborne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of processes within atmosphere and hydrosphere,
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets,
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types; this comprehends investigations on appropriate methods for parameter estimation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems,
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the information content (e.g., filters),
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momentum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis,
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales,
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies.

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a JSG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium,
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14).
* Common publications of SG members.
* Common fund raising activities (e.g., for PhD. positions).

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combina-tion including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects.
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales.
Initiation of at least one common funded project with positions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group.

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sarah Abelen (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Andreas Güntner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Karin Hedman (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Alka Singh (India) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Objectives===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rotation. In respective balance equations the geodetic parameters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been determined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.

However, in general the integral parameter time series cannot be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensitive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the development of strategies for the separation of the integral geodetic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momentum.

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic parameters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.

Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contributions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite altimetry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary spaceborne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of processes within atmosphere and hydrosphere,
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets,
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types; this comprehends investigations on appropriate methods for parameter estimation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems,
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the information content (e.g., filters),
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momentum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis,
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales,
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies.

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a JSG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium,
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14).
* Common publications of SG members.
* Common fund raising activities (e.g., for PhD. positions).

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combination including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects.
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales.
Initiation of at least one common funded project with positions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group.

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sarah Abelen (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Andreas Güntner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Karin Hedman (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Alka Singh (India) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>7d6971e299bec1282800a4fbaaf72e12dd14c875</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="2012-07-02 09:13:28+00|195">
  <title>IC SG7</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <id>239</id>
    <parentid>235</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:50:50Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Introduction */</comment>
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    <text bytes="4222" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.7: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear dif-fusion filtering'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===
Efficient numerical methods and HPC (High Performance Computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the IC SG is to apply numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM), boundary element method (BEM) and others mostly for gravity field modelling and non-linear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface. An advantage is that such numerical methods use finite elements as basis functions with local supports. Therefore a refinement of the discretization is very straightforward allowing adaptive refinement procedures as well.

In case of gravity field modelling, a parallelization of algorithms using the standard MPI (Message Passing Interface) procedures and computations on clusters with distributed memory allows to achieve global or local gravity field models of very high-resolution, where a level of the discretization practically depends on capacity of available HPC facilities. The aforementioned numerical methods allow a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. To get precise numerical solution to the geodetic boundary-value problems (BVPs) on such complicated surface it is also necessary handle problems like the oblique derivative.
Data filtering occurs in many applications of geosciences. A quality of filtering is essential for correct interpretations of obtained results. In geodesy we usually use methods based on the Gaussian filtering that corresponds to a linear diffusion. Such filtering has a uniform smoothing effect, which also blurs “edges” representing important structures in the filtered data. In contrary, a nonlinear diffusion allows adaptive smoothing that can preserve main structures in data, while a noise is effectively reduced. In image processing there are known at least two basic nonlinear diffusion models; (i) the regularized Perona-Malik model, where the diffusion coefficient depends on an edge detector, and (ii) the geodesic mean curvature flow model based on a geometrical diffusion of level-sets of the image intensity.

The aim of the JSG is to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that would be useful for a variety of geodetic data, e.g., from satellite missions, satellite altimetry and others. A choice of an appropriate numerical technique is open to members of the JSG. An example of the proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface.

===Objectives===

* to develop numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs using numerical methods like FEM, FVM, BEM and others,
* to investigate the problem of oblique derivative,
* to implement parallelization of numerical algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate methods for nonlinear filtering of data on closed surfaces using the regularized Perona-Malik model or mean curvature flow model,
* to derive fully-implicit and semi-implicit numerical schemes for the linear and nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* to develop algorithms for the nonlinear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface,
* to summarize the developed methods and achieved numerical results in journal papers.

===Program of activities===
active participation in major geodetic conferences,
working meetings at international symposia,
organization of a conference session.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Karol Mikula (Slovakia), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
Ahmed Abdalla, (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;
Michal Beneš (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Zuzana Fašková (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Marek Macák (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Špir (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>af04845adf9f35c40b304387634f45f12e6df5dd</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>236</id>
    <parentid>235</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:51:18Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Program of activities */</comment>
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    <text bytes="4222" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.7: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear dif-fusion filtering'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===
Efficient numerical methods and HPC (High Performance Computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the IC SG is to apply numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM), boundary element method (BEM) and others mostly for gravity field modelling and non-linear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface. An advantage is that such numerical methods use finite elements as basis functions with local supports. Therefore a refinement of the discretization is very straightforward allowing adaptive refinement procedures as well.

In case of gravity field modelling, a parallelization of algorithms using the standard MPI (Message Passing Interface) procedures and computations on clusters with distributed memory allows to achieve global or local gravity field models of very high-resolution, where a level of the discretization practically depends on capacity of available HPC facilities. The aforementioned numerical methods allow a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. To get precise numerical solution to the geodetic boundary-value problems (BVPs) on such complicated surface it is also necessary handle problems like the oblique derivative.
Data filtering occurs in many applications of geosciences. A quality of filtering is essential for correct interpretations of obtained results. In geodesy we usually use methods based on the Gaussian filtering that corresponds to a linear diffusion. Such filtering has a uniform smoothing effect, which also blurs “edges” representing important structures in the filtered data. In contrary, a nonlinear diffusion allows adaptive smoothing that can preserve main structures in data, while a noise is effectively reduced. In image processing there are known at least two basic nonlinear diffusion models; (i) the regularized Perona-Malik model, where the diffusion coefficient depends on an edge detector, and (ii) the geodesic mean curvature flow model based on a geometrical diffusion of level-sets of the image intensity.

The aim of the JSG is to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that would be useful for a variety of geodetic data, e.g., from satellite missions, satellite altimetry and others. A choice of an appropriate numerical technique is open to members of the JSG. An example of the proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface.

===Objectives===

* to develop numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs using numerical methods like FEM, FVM, BEM and others,
* to investigate the problem of oblique derivative,
* to implement parallelization of numerical algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate methods for nonlinear filtering of data on closed surfaces using the regularized Perona-Malik model or mean curvature flow model,
* to derive fully-implicit and semi-implicit numerical schemes for the linear and nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* to develop algorithms for the nonlinear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface,
* to summarize the developed methods and achieved numerical results in journal papers.

===Program of activities===
Active participation in major geodetic conferences, working meetings at international symposia, organization of a conference session.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Karol Mikula (Slovakia), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;
Ahmed Abdalla, (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;
Michal Beneš (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Zuzana Fašková (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Marek Macák (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Špir (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>ae3442a50af0330d43a63bd39f6af36cd7ab61aa</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>237</id>
    <parentid>236</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:52:01Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Members */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="4230" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.7: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear dif-fusion filtering'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===
Efficient numerical methods and HPC (High Performance Computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the IC SG is to apply numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM), boundary element method (BEM) and others mostly for gravity field modelling and non-linear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface. An advantage is that such numerical methods use finite elements as basis functions with local supports. Therefore a refinement of the discretization is very straightforward allowing adaptive refinement procedures as well.

In case of gravity field modelling, a parallelization of algorithms using the standard MPI (Message Passing Interface) procedures and computations on clusters with distributed memory allows to achieve global or local gravity field models of very high-resolution, where a level of the discretization practically depends on capacity of available HPC facilities. The aforementioned numerical methods allow a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. To get precise numerical solution to the geodetic boundary-value problems (BVPs) on such complicated surface it is also necessary handle problems like the oblique derivative.
Data filtering occurs in many applications of geosciences. A quality of filtering is essential for correct interpretations of obtained results. In geodesy we usually use methods based on the Gaussian filtering that corresponds to a linear diffusion. Such filtering has a uniform smoothing effect, which also blurs “edges” representing important structures in the filtered data. In contrary, a nonlinear diffusion allows adaptive smoothing that can preserve main structures in data, while a noise is effectively reduced. In image processing there are known at least two basic nonlinear diffusion models; (i) the regularized Perona-Malik model, where the diffusion coefficient depends on an edge detector, and (ii) the geodesic mean curvature flow model based on a geometrical diffusion of level-sets of the image intensity.

The aim of the JSG is to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that would be useful for a variety of geodetic data, e.g., from satellite missions, satellite altimetry and others. A choice of an appropriate numerical technique is open to members of the JSG. An example of the proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface.

===Objectives===

* to develop numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs using numerical methods like FEM, FVM, BEM and others,
* to investigate the problem of oblique derivative,
* to implement parallelization of numerical algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate methods for nonlinear filtering of data on closed surfaces using the regularized Perona-Malik model or mean curvature flow model,
* to derive fully-implicit and semi-implicit numerical schemes for the linear and nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* to develop algorithms for the nonlinear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface,
* to summarize the developed methods and achieved numerical results in journal papers.

===Program of activities===
Active participation in major geodetic conferences, working meetings at international symposia, organization of a conference session.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; '''Karol Mikula (Slovakia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Ahmed Abdalla, (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Beneš (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Zuzana Fašková (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Róbert Špir (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Róbert Tenzer (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>375b88dbd1817af1bc608a60c27de2401233165e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>233</id>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T10:27:30Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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    <text bytes="4229" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.7: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===
Efficient numerical methods and HPC (High Performance Computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the IC SG is to apply numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM), boundary element method (BEM) and others mostly for gravity field modelling and non-linear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface. An advantage is that such numerical methods use finite elements as basis functions with local supports. Therefore a refinement of the discretization is very straightforward allowing adaptive refinement procedures as well.

In case of gravity field modelling, a parallelization of algorithms using the standard MPI (Message Passing Interface) procedures and computations on clusters with distributed memory allows to achieve global or local gravity field models of very high-resolution, where a level of the discretization practically depends on capacity of available HPC facilities. The aforementioned numerical methods allow a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. To get precise numerical solution to the geodetic boundary-value problems (BVPs) on such complicated surface it is also necessary handle problems like the oblique derivative.
Data filtering occurs in many applications of geosciences. A quality of filtering is essential for correct interpretations of obtained results. In geodesy we usually use methods based on the Gaussian filtering that corresponds to a linear diffusion. Such filtering has a uniform smoothing effect, which also blurs “edges” representing important structures in the filtered data. In contrary, a nonlinear diffusion allows adaptive smoothing that can preserve main structures in data, while a noise is effectively reduced. In image processing there are known at least two basic nonlinear diffusion models; (i) the regularized Perona-Malik model, where the diffusion coefficient depends on an edge detector, and (ii) the geodesic mean curvature flow model based on a geometrical diffusion of level-sets of the image intensity.

The aim of the JSG is to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that would be useful for a variety of geodetic data, e.g., from satellite missions, satellite altimetry and others. A choice of an appropriate numerical technique is open to members of the JSG. An example of the proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface.

===Objectives===

* to develop numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs using numerical methods like FEM, FVM, BEM and others,
* to investigate the problem of oblique derivative,
* to implement parallelization of numerical algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate methods for nonlinear filtering of data on closed surfaces using the regularized Perona-Malik model or mean curvature flow model,
* to derive fully-implicit and semi-implicit numerical schemes for the linear and nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* to develop algorithms for the nonlinear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface,
* to summarize the developed methods and achieved numerical results in journal papers.

===Program of activities===
Active participation in major geodetic conferences, working meetings at international symposia, organization of a conference session.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; '''Karol Mikula (Slovakia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Ahmed Abdalla, (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Beneš (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Zuzana Fašková (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Róbert Špir (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Róbert Tenzer (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>c3de9bd701ca9d77fb9727ef904faf1cd2e6963b</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="2012-07-02 09:13:28+00|195">
  <title>IC SG8</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>21</id>
  <revision>
    <id>311</id>
    <parentid>308</parentid>
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      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3128" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.8: Earth System Interaction from Space Geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

The gravity field and geodetic mass loading reflect mass redistribution and transport in the Earth’s fluid envelope, and in particular interactions between atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface and the solid Earth due to climate change and tectonics activities, e.g., dynamic and kinematic processes and co-/post-seismic deformation. However, the traditional ground techniques are very difficult to obtain high temporal-spatial resolution information and processes, particularly in Tibet.
With the launch of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission since 2002, it was very successful to monitor the Earth’s time-variable gravity field by determining very accurately the relative position of a pair of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Therefore, the new generation of the gravity field derived from terrestrial and space gravimetry, provides a unique opportunity to investigate gravity-solid earth coupling, physics and dynamics of the Earth’s interior, and mass flux interaction within the Earth system, together with GPS/InSAR.

===Objectives===

* To quantify mass transport within the Earth’s fluid envelope and their interaction in the Earth system.
* To monitor tectonic motions using gravimetry/GPS, including India-Tibet collision, post-glacial uplift and the deformation associated with active tectonic events, such as earthquakes and volcanoes.
* To develop inversion algorithm and theories in a Spherical Earth on gravity field related deformation and gravity-solid Earth coupling, e.g. crust thickness, iso-static Moho undulations, mass loadings and geodynamics.
* To develop methods to extract a geodynamic signals related to Solid-Earth mantle and/or core and to under-stand the physical properties of the Earth interior and its dynamics from the joint use of gravity data and other geophysical measurements.
* To analyze and model geodynamic processes from iso-static modelling of gravity and topography data as well as density structure of the Earth’s deep interior.
* To address mantle viscosity from analyzing post-seismic deformations of large earthquakes and post-glacial rebound (PGR) and to explain the physical relationships between deformation, seismicity, mantle dynamics, litho-spheric rheology, isostatic response, etc.
* To achieve these objectives, the IC SG interacts and collaborates with the ICCT and all IAG Commissions.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of SG workshop and of conference sessions,
* Participation in related scientific conference and sympo-sia,
* Supporting contributions to the ICCT activities.

===Members===

'' '''Shuanggen Jin (China), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; 
David J. Crossley (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Carla Braitenberg (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;
Isabelle Panet (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Jacques Hinderer (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Séverine Rosat (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Tonie M. van Dam (Luxembour)&lt;br /&gt;
Urs Marti (Switzerland)&lt;br /&gt;
Patrick Wu (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;
Isabella Velicogna (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Nico Sneeuw (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>95bb496a69101d93ceb0158639f3797fe1996840</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>312</id>
    <parentid>311</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:53:17Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="3123" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.8: Earth System Interaction from Space Geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

The gravity field and geodetic mass loading reflect mass redistribution and transport in the Earth’s fluid envelope, and in particular interactions between atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface and the solid Earth due to climate change and tectonics activities, e.g., dynamic and kinematic processes and co-/post-seismic deformation. However, the traditional ground techniques are very difficult to obtain high temporal-spatial resolution information and processes, particularly in Tibet.
With the launch of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission since 2002, it was very successful to monitor the Earth’s time-variable gravity field by determining very accurately the relative position of a pair of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Therefore, the new generation of the gravity field derived from terrestrial and space gravimetry, provides a unique opportunity to investigate gravity-solid earth coupling, physics and dynamics of the Earth’s interior, and mass flux interaction within the Earth system, together with GPS/InSAR.

===Objectives===

* To quantify mass transport within the Earth’s fluid envelope and their interaction in the Earth system.
* To monitor tectonic motions using gravimetry/GPS, including India-Tibet collision, post-glacial uplift and the deformation associated with active tectonic events, such as earthquakes and volcanoes.
* To develop inversion algorithm and theories in a Spherical Earth on gravity field related deformation and gravity-solid Earth coupling, e.g. crust thickness, isostatic Moho undulations, mass loadings and geodynamics.
* To develop methods to extract a geodynamic signals related to Solid-Earth mantle and/or core and to understand the physical properties of the Earth interior and its dynamics from the joint use of gravity data and other geophysical measurements.
* To analyze and model geodynamic processes from isostatic modelling of gravity and topography data as well as density structure of the Earth’s deep interior.
* To address mantle viscosity from analyzing post-seismic deformations of large earthquakes and postglacial rebound (PGR) and to explain the physical relationships between deformation, seismicity, mantle dynamics, lithospheric rheology, isostatic response, etc.
* To achieve these objectives, the IC SG interacts and collaborates with the ICCT and all IAG Commissions.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of SG workshop and of conference sessions,
* Participation in related scientific conference and sympo-sia,
* Supporting contributions to the ICCT activities.

===Members===

'' '''Shuanggen Jin (China), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; 
David J. Crossley (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Carla Braitenberg (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;
Isabelle Panet (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Jacques Hinderer (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Séverine Rosat (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Tonie M. van Dam (Luxembour)&lt;br /&gt;
Urs Marti (Switzerland)&lt;br /&gt;
Patrick Wu (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;
Isabella Velicogna (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Nico Sneeuw (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>27c2d4052a65bd67d097e0978ab95144ddde1222</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>310</id>
    <parentid>308</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:53:34Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Program of activities */</comment>
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    <text bytes="3122" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.8: Earth System Interaction from Space Geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

The gravity field and geodetic mass loading reflect mass redistribution and transport in the Earth’s fluid envelope, and in particular interactions between atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface and the solid Earth due to climate change and tectonics activities, e.g., dynamic and kinematic processes and co-/post-seismic deformation. However, the traditional ground techniques are very difficult to obtain high temporal-spatial resolution information and processes, particularly in Tibet.
With the launch of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission since 2002, it was very successful to monitor the Earth’s time-variable gravity field by determining very accurately the relative position of a pair of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Therefore, the new generation of the gravity field derived from terrestrial and space gravimetry, provides a unique opportunity to investigate gravity-solid earth coupling, physics and dynamics of the Earth’s interior, and mass flux interaction within the Earth system, together with GPS/InSAR.

===Objectives===

* To quantify mass transport within the Earth’s fluid envelope and their interaction in the Earth system.
* To monitor tectonic motions using gravimetry/GPS, including India-Tibet collision, post-glacial uplift and the deformation associated with active tectonic events, such as earthquakes and volcanoes.
* To develop inversion algorithm and theories in a Spherical Earth on gravity field related deformation and gravity-solid Earth coupling, e.g. crust thickness, isostatic Moho undulations, mass loadings and geodynamics.
* To develop methods to extract a geodynamic signals related to Solid-Earth mantle and/or core and to understand the physical properties of the Earth interior and its dynamics from the joint use of gravity data and other geophysical measurements.
* To analyze and model geodynamic processes from isostatic modelling of gravity and topography data as well as density structure of the Earth’s deep interior.
* To address mantle viscosity from analyzing post-seismic deformations of large earthquakes and postglacial rebound (PGR) and to explain the physical relationships between deformation, seismicity, mantle dynamics, lithospheric rheology, isostatic response, etc.
* To achieve these objectives, the IC SG interacts and collaborates with the ICCT and all IAG Commissions.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of SG workshop and of conference sessions.
* Participation in related scientific conference and symposia.
* Supporting contributions to the ICCT activities.

===Members===

'' '''Shuanggen Jin (China), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; 
David J. Crossley (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Carla Braitenberg (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;
Isabelle Panet (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Jacques Hinderer (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Séverine Rosat (France)&lt;br /&gt;
Tonie M. van Dam (Luxembour)&lt;br /&gt;
Urs Marti (Switzerland)&lt;br /&gt;
Patrick Wu (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;
Isabella Velicogna (USA)&lt;br /&gt;
Nico Sneeuw (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Members */</comment>
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    <text bytes="3129" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.8: Earth System Interaction from Space Geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and 4''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

The gravity field and geodetic mass loading reflect mass redistribution and transport in the Earth’s fluid envelope, and in particular interactions between atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface and the solid Earth due to climate change and tectonics activities, e.g., dynamic and kinematic processes and co-/post-seismic deformation. However, the traditional ground techniques are very difficult to obtain high temporal-spatial resolution information and processes, particularly in Tibet.
With the launch of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission since 2002, it was very successful to monitor the Earth’s time-variable gravity field by determining very accurately the relative position of a pair of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Therefore, the new generation of the gravity field derived from terrestrial and space gravimetry, provides a unique opportunity to investigate gravity-solid earth coupling, physics and dynamics of the Earth’s interior, and mass flux interaction within the Earth system, together with GPS/InSAR.

===Objectives===

* To quantify mass transport within the Earth’s fluid envelope and their interaction in the Earth system.
* To monitor tectonic motions using gravimetry/GPS, including India-Tibet collision, post-glacial uplift and the deformation associated with active tectonic events, such as earthquakes and volcanoes.
* To develop inversion algorithm and theories in a Spherical Earth on gravity field related deformation and gravity-solid Earth coupling, e.g. crust thickness, isostatic Moho undulations, mass loadings and geodynamics.
* To develop methods to extract a geodynamic signals related to Solid-Earth mantle and/or core and to understand the physical properties of the Earth interior and its dynamics from the joint use of gravity data and other geophysical measurements.
* To analyze and model geodynamic processes from isostatic modelling of gravity and topography data as well as density structure of the Earth’s deep interior.
* To address mantle viscosity from analyzing post-seismic deformations of large earthquakes and postglacial rebound (PGR) and to explain the physical relationships between deformation, seismicity, mantle dynamics, lithospheric rheology, isostatic response, etc.
* To achieve these objectives, the IC SG interacts and collaborates with the ICCT and all IAG Commissions.

===Program of activities===

* Organization of SG workshop and of conference sessions.
* Participation in related scientific conference and symposia.
* Supporting contributions to the ICCT activities.

===Members===

'' '''Shuanggen Jin (China), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; David J. Crossley (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Carla Braitenberg (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Isabelle Panet (France) &lt;br /&gt; Jacques Hinderer (France) &lt;br /&gt; Séverine Rosat (France)&lt;br /&gt; Tonie M. van Dam (Luxembour) &lt;br /&gt; Urs Marti (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Patrick Wu (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Isabella Velicogna (USA)&lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2012-07-02 09:13:28+00|195">
  <title>IC SG9</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>25</id>
  <revision>
    <id>348</id>
    <parentid>334</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:55:26Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Terms of Reference */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2896" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.9: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1 and IERS''

__TOC__
===Terms of Reference===

The realization of a reference system by means of a reference frame, in the form of coordinate time series or coordinate functions for a global set of control stations is a complicated procedure. It involves input data from various space techniques each one based on its own advanced modelling and observation analysis techniques, as well as, criteria for the optimal selection of the time evolution of the reference frame among all data compatible possibilities. The relevant “observed” coordinate time series demonstrate significant signals of periodic, non-periodic variations and discontinuities, which pose the challenge of departing from the current ITRF model of linear time evolution, realized by reference epoch coordinates and constant velocities.

The remaining residual signal in coordinate variations is dominated by an almost periodic term with varying amplitude and phase, especially in the height component. The inclusion of additional terms in the ITRF model is an intricate problem that deserves further research and careful planning. It is also important to understand the nature of these coordinate variations in order to adopt models that are meaningful from the geophysical point of view and not a simple fit to the observed data. Since geophysical processes causing coordinate variations also cause variations in the gravity field, it is worthwhile to investigate the possibility of incorporating result results from space gravity missions in ITRF modelling. The working group is primarily aiming in identification of new ITRF models, investigation of their performance and motivation of relevant scientific research.

===Objectives===

* Geophysical interpretation of non-linear coordinate variations and sevelopement of relevant models
* Extension of ITRF beyond the current linear (constant velocity) model, treatment of periodic and discontinuous station coordinate time series and establishment of proper procedures for estimation of extended ITRF parameters and quality assessment of the obtained results.


===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web-page for dissemination of informa-tion, presentation, communication, outreach purposes, and providing a bibliography.
* Working meetings at international symposia and pre-sentation of research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organization of workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and motivation of relevant scientific research.
* Organization of a second IAG School on Reference Frames.


===Membership===

'' '''A. Dermanis (Greece), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Z. Altamimi (France)&lt;br /&gt; X. Collilieux (France)&lt;br /&gt; H. Drewes (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; F. Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;T. van Dam (Luxembourg)&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>70875e95a27ac5cdd235ff745070b607648a40b7</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>332</id>
    <parentid>328</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:55:44Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2896" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.9: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1 and IERS''

__TOC__
===Terms of Reference===

The realization of a reference system by means of a reference frame, in the form of coordinate time series or coordinate functions for a global set of control stations is a complicated procedure. It involves input data from various space techniques each one based on its own advanced modelling and observation analysis techniques, as well as, criteria for the optimal selection of the time evolution of the reference frame among all data compatible possibilities. The relevant “observed” coordinate time series demonstrate significant signals of periodic, non-periodic variations and discontinuities, which pose the challenge of departing from the current ITRF model of linear time evolution, realized by reference epoch coordinates and constant velocities.

The remaining residual signal in coordinate variations is dominated by an almost periodic term with varying amplitude and phase, especially in the height component. The inclusion of additional terms in the ITRF model is an intricate problem that deserves further research and careful planning. It is also important to understand the nature of these coordinate variations in order to adopt models that are meaningful from the geophysical point of view and not a simple fit to the observed data. Since geophysical processes causing coordinate variations also cause variations in the gravity field, it is worthwhile to investigate the possibility of incorporating result results from space gravity missions in ITRF modelling. The working group is primarily aiming in identification of new ITRF models, investigation of their performance and motivation of relevant scientific research.

===Objectives===

* Geophysical interpretation of non-linear coordinate variations and sevelopement of relevant models.
* Extension of ITRF beyond the current linear (constant velocity) model, treatment of periodic and discontinuous station coordinate time series and establishment of proper procedures for estimation of extended ITRF parameters and quality assessment of the obtained results.

===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web-page for dissemination of informa-tion, presentation, communication, outreach purposes, and providing a bibliography.
* Working meetings at international symposia and pre-sentation of research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organization of workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and motivation of relevant scientific research.
* Organization of a second IAG School on Reference Frames.


===Membership===

'' '''A. Dermanis (Greece), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; Z. Altamimi (France)&lt;br /&gt; X. Collilieux (France)&lt;br /&gt; H. Drewes (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; F. Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;T. van Dam (Luxembourg)&lt;br/&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>b7a4653f6e0bd6fbdbecc355dcdb2387142e3d0b</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>354</id>
    <parentid>332</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:56:08Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Membership */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2903" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.9: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1 and IERS''

__TOC__
===Terms of Reference===

The realization of a reference system by means of a reference frame, in the form of coordinate time series or coordinate functions for a global set of control stations is a complicated procedure. It involves input data from various space techniques each one based on its own advanced modelling and observation analysis techniques, as well as, criteria for the optimal selection of the time evolution of the reference frame among all data compatible possibilities. The relevant “observed” coordinate time series demonstrate significant signals of periodic, non-periodic variations and discontinuities, which pose the challenge of departing from the current ITRF model of linear time evolution, realized by reference epoch coordinates and constant velocities.

The remaining residual signal in coordinate variations is dominated by an almost periodic term with varying amplitude and phase, especially in the height component. The inclusion of additional terms in the ITRF model is an intricate problem that deserves further research and careful planning. It is also important to understand the nature of these coordinate variations in order to adopt models that are meaningful from the geophysical point of view and not a simple fit to the observed data. Since geophysical processes causing coordinate variations also cause variations in the gravity field, it is worthwhile to investigate the possibility of incorporating result results from space gravity missions in ITRF modelling. The working group is primarily aiming in identification of new ITRF models, investigation of their performance and motivation of relevant scientific research.

===Objectives===

* Geophysical interpretation of non-linear coordinate variations and sevelopement of relevant models.
* Extension of ITRF beyond the current linear (constant velocity) model, treatment of periodic and discontinuous station coordinate time series and establishment of proper procedures for estimation of extended ITRF parameters and quality assessment of the obtained results.

===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web-page for dissemination of informa-tion, presentation, communication, outreach purposes, and providing a bibliography.
* Working meetings at international symposia and pre-sentation of research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organization of workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and motivation of relevant scientific research.
* Organization of a second IAG School on Reference Frames.


===Membership===

'' '''A. Dermanis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Z. Altamimi (France) &lt;br /&gt; X. Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt; H. Drewes (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; F. Sansò (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; T. van Dam (Luxembourg) &lt;br/&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>1865fe18b38e1631e9e557319c2278124017ac11</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>349</id>
    <parentid>332</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T10:30:19Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="2901" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.9: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1 and IERS''

__TOC__
===Terms of Reference===

The realization of a reference system by means of a reference frame, in the form of coordinate time series or coordinate functions for a global set of control stations is a complicated procedure. It involves input data from various space techniques each one based on its own advanced modelling and observation analysis techniques, as well as, criteria for the optimal selection of the time evolution of the reference frame among all data compatible possibilities. The relevant “observed” coordinate time series demonstrate significant signals of periodic, non-periodic variations and discontinuities, which pose the challenge of departing from the current ITRF model of linear time evolution, realized by reference epoch coordinates and constant velocities.

The remaining residual signal in coordinate variations is dominated by an almost periodic term with varying amplitude and phase, especially in the height component. The inclusion of additional terms in the ITRF model is an intricate problem that deserves further research and careful planning. It is also important to understand the nature of these coordinate variations in order to adopt models that are meaningful from the geophysical point of view and not a simple fit to the observed data. Since geophysical processes causing coordinate variations also cause variations in the gravity field, it is worthwhile to investigate the possibility of incorporating result results from space gravity missions in ITRF modelling. The working group is primarily aiming in identification of new ITRF models, investigation of their performance and motivation of relevant scientific research.

===Objectives===

* Geophysical interpretation of non-linear coordinate variations and sevelopement of relevant models.
* Extension of ITRF beyond the current linear (constant velocity) model, treatment of periodic and discontinuous station coordinate time series and establishment of proper procedures for estimation of extended ITRF parameters and quality assessment of the obtained results.

===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web-page for dissemination of information, presentation, communication, outreach purposes, and providing a bibliography.
* Working meetings at international symposia and presentation of research results in appropriate sessions.
* Organization of workshops dedicated mainly to problem identification and motivation of relevant scientific research.
* Organization of a second IAG School on Reference Frames.


===Membership===

'' '''A. Dermanis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Z. Altamimi (France) &lt;br /&gt; X. Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt; H. Drewes (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; F. Sansò (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; T. van Dam (Luxembourg) &lt;br/&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>2b5e2086e529668a28ede13ca07a60e875e45cee</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2012-07-02 09:13:28+00|195">
  <title>IC SG1</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>8</id>
  <revision>
    <id>148</id>
    <parentid>141</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:56:42Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Program of activities */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="6478" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.1: Application of time-series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''W. Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''GGOS, all commissions''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Observations provided by modern space geodetic techniques (geometric and gravimetric) deliver a global picture of dynamics of the Earth. Such observations are usually represented as time series which describe (1) changes of surface geometry of the Earth due to horizontal and vertical deformations of the land, ocean and cryosphere, (2) fluctuations in the orientation of the Earth divided into precession, nutation, polar motion and spin rate, and (3) variations of the Earth’s gravitational field and the centre of mass of the Earth. The vision and goal of GGOS is to understand the dynamic Earth’s system by quantifying our planet’s changes in space and time and integrate all observations and elements of the Earth’s system into one unique physical and mathematical model. To meet the GGOS requirements, all temporal variations of the Earth’s dynamics – which represent the total and hence integral effect of mass exchange between all elements of Earth’s system including atmosphere, ocean and hydrology – should be properly described by time series methods.

Various time series methods have been applied to analyze such geodetic and related geophysical time series in order to better understand the relation between all elements of the Earth’s system. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex, thus the nature of the considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Therefore, the application of time frequency analysis methods based on wavelet coefficients – e.g. time-frequency cross-spectra, coherence and semblance – is necessary to reliably detect the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals included in various geodetic data, and other associated geophysical data.

Geodetic time series may include, for instance, temporal variations of site positions, tropospheric delay, ionospheric total electron content, masses in specific water storage compartments or estimated orbit parameters as well as surface data including gravity field, sea level and ionosphere maps. The main problems to be scrutinized concern the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random fluctuations) components of the time series along with the application of the appropriate digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth. The application of semblance filtering enables to compute the common signals, understood in frame of the time-frequency approach, which are embedded in various geodetic/geophysical time series.

Numerous methods of time series analysis may be employed for processing raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of signal enhancement. The issue of improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered. Indeed, they may either affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data or the real-time processing and prediction.

The development of combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data processing, including multi-mission sensor data, is also very important. Numerous observation techniques, providing data with different spatial and temporal resolutions and scales, can be combined to compute the most reliable geodetic products. It is now known that incorporating space variables in the process of geodetic time series modelling and prediction can lead to a significant improvement of the prediction performance. Usually multi-sensor data comprises a large number of individual effects, e.g., oceanic, atmospheric and hydrological contributions. In Earth system analysis one key point at present and in the future will be the development of separation techniques. In this context principal component analysis and related techniques can be applied.

===Objectives===

* To study geodetic time series and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands using time series analysis methods, mainly for better understanding of their causes and prediction improvement.
* The evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices corresponding to the time series by applying the law of error propagation, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.
* Determining statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* The comparison of different time series analysis methods and their recommendation, with a particular emphasis put on solving problems concerning specific geodetic data.
* Developing and implementing the algorithms – aiming to seek and utilize spatio-temporal correlations – for geodetic time series modelling and prediction.
* Better understanding of how large-scale environmental processes, such as for instance oceanic and atmospheric oscillations and climate change, impact modelling strategies employed for numerous geodetic data.
* Developing combination strategies for time- and space-dependent data obtained from different geodetic observations.
* Developing separation techniques for integral measurements in individual contributions.

===Program of activities===
* Updating the webpage, so that the information on time series analysis and its application in geodesy (including relevant multidisciplinary publications and the unification of terminology applied in time series analysis) will be available.
* Participating in working meetings at the international symposia and presenting scientific results at the appropriate sessions.
* Collaboration with other working groups dealing with geodetic time-series, e.g., COST ES0701 Improved constraints on models of GIA or the Climate Change Working Group.

===Members===

'' '''W. Kosek (Poland), chair'''&lt;br /&gt; R. Abarca del Rio (Chile)&lt;br /&gt; O. Akyilmaz (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; J. Böhm (Austria)&lt;br /&gt; L. Fernandez (Argentina)&lt;br /&gt; R. Gross (USA)&lt;br /&gt; M. Kalarus (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. O. Karslioglu (Turkey)&lt;br /&gt; H. Neuner (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; T. Niedzielski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; S. Petrov (Russia)&lt;br /&gt; W. Popinski (Poland)&lt;br /&gt; M. Schmidt (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; M. van Camp (Belgium)&lt;br /&gt; O. de Viron (France)&lt;br /&gt; J. Vondrák (Czech Republic)&lt;br /&gt; D. Zheng (China)&lt;br /&gt; Y. Zhou (China)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>123bfe7931a8c936e20894f06f011ac6b07e902b</sha1>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="2012-07-02 09:13:28+00|195">
  <title>IC SG2</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>9</id>
  <revision>
    <id>168</id>
    <parentid>162</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T09:57:18Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Program of Activities */</comment>
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    <text bytes="4398" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.2: Gravity field modelling in support of world height system realization'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===

Description of the Earth’s gravity field still remains a major research topic in geodesy. The main goal is to provide reliable global models covering all spatially-temporal frequencies of its scalar parameterization through the gravity potential. Detailed and accurate gravity field models are required for proper positioning and orientation of geodetic sensors (data geo-referencing). Geometric properties of the gravity field are then studied including those of its equipotential surfaces and their respective surface normals, since they play a fundamental role in definition and realization of geodetic reference systems. Gravity field models will be applied for definition and realization of a vertical reference system (currently under construction) that will support studies of the Earth system.
This study group is an entity of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory. It is affiliated to Commissions 1 (Reference Frames) and 2 (Gravity Field); its close co-operation with GGOS Theme 1 “Unified Global Height System” is anticipated. It aims at bringing together scientists concerned namely with theoretical aspects in the areas of interest specified below.

===Objectives===

* Considering different types and large amounts of gravity-related data available today, large variety of gravity field models and the ongoing IAG project of realizing a world height system (WHS), this study group shall focuses on theoretical aspects related to the following (non-exhaustive to WHS) list of problems:
* To study available gravity field models in terms of their available resolution, accuracy and stability for the purpose of WHS realization.
* To define a role of a conventional model of the Earth’s gravity field (EGM) to be used for WHS realization including its scale parameters.
* To study relations between an adopted conventional EGM and parameters of a geocentric reference ellipsoid of revolution approximating a time invariant equipotential surface of the adopted EGM aligned to reduced observables of mean sea level.
* To study theoretical aspects of various methods proposed for WHS definition and realization including investigations on tidal system effects.
* To investigate combination of heterogeneous gravity field observables by using spatial inversion, spherical radial functions, collocation, wavelets, etc. and by taking into account their sampling geometry, spectral and stochastic properties.
* To investigate methods of gravity field modelling based on combination of global gravitational models, ground and airborne gravity, GNSS/levelling height differences, altimetry data, deflections of the vertical, etc.
* To study stable, accurate and efficient methods for continuation of gravity field parameters including spaceborne observables of type GRACE and GOCE.
* To advance theory and methods for solving various initial and boundary value problems (I/BVP) in geodesy.
* To study methods for gravity potential estimation based on its measured directional derivatives (gravity, gravity gradients) by exploiting advantages of simultaneous continuation and inversion of observations.
* To investigate requirements for gravity data (stochastic properties, spatially-temporal sampling, spectral content etc.) in terms of their specific geodetic applications.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic conferences and meetings.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013.
* Co-operation with affiliated IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Electronic exchange of ideas and thoughts through a JSG web page.
* Monitoring activities of JSG members and external individuals related to JSG.
* Compiling bibliography in the area of JSG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic), chair'''&lt;br /&gt;Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt)&lt;br /&gt;Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt;Heiner Denker (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Will Featherstone (Australia)&lt;br /&gt;René Forsberg (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Bernhard Heck (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Jianliang Huang (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Christopher Jekeli (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Dan Roman (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Fernando Sansò (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;Michael G Sideris (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Lars Sjöberg (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (New Zealand)&lt;br /&gt;Yan-Ming Wang (USA)&lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>5bc1703c049ccb227aac7e9df9be4685b2a2a5b6</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2012-07-02 09:13:28+00|195">
  <title>IC SG6</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>13</id>
  <revision>
    <id>231</id>
    <parentid>225</parentid>
    <timestamp>2012-07-02T10:03:03Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Members */</comment>
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    <text bytes="6723" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.6: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

The GRACE-mission (Tapley et al., 2004b) proved to be one of the most important satellite missions in recent times as it enabled the recovery of the static gravity field with unprecedented accuracy and, for the first time, the determination of temporal variations on a monthly (and shorter) basis. The key instrument is the K-band ranging system which continuously measures the changes of the distance between the two GRACE satellites with an accuracy of a few micrometer. Thanks to the success of this mission, proposals have been made for the development of a GRACE-follow-on mission and a next-generation GRACE satellite system, respectively. Apart from options for a multi-satellite mission, the major improvement will be the replacement of the microwave based K-band ranging system by laser interferometry (Bender et al., 2003). The expected improvement in the accuracy is in the range of a factor 10 to 1000.
Two types of solution strategies exist for the determination of gravity field quantities from kinematic observations (range, range-rate and range-acceleration). The first type is based on numerical integration. The most common ones are the classical integration of the variational equations (Reigber, 1989; Tapley et al., 2004a), the Celestial Mechanics Approach (Beutler et al., 2010) or the short-arc method (Mayer-Gürr, 2006). The second type of solution strategies tries to make use of in-situ (pseudo)-observa-tions. The most typical ones are the energy balance approach (Jekeli, 1998; Han, 2003), the relative accelera-tion approach (Liu, 2008) or the line-of-sight gradiometry approach (Keller and Sharifi, 2005).
From a theoretical point of view all approaches are in one way or the other based on Newton's equation of motion and thus all of them should be applicable to the next generation of satellite missions as well. Practically, problems arise due to the necessity of approximations and linearizations, the accumulation of errors, the combination of highly-precise with less precise quantities, e.g. K-band with GPS, and the incorporation of auxiliary measure-ments, e.g. accelerometer data. These problems are often circumvented by introducing reference orbits, reducing the solution strategies to residual quantities, and by frequently
solving for initial conditions and/or additional empirical or stochastic parameter. In the context of the next generation of low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking systems, the question is whether these methods are still sufficient to fully exploit the potential of the improved range observations.

===Objectives===
Observations are related to gravity field quantities by means of geometry, kinematics and dynamics. The gravity field is then represented by global or local base functions. The focus of this study group is primarily on the use of spherical harmonics as base function with different approaches to relate the observations to the gravity field. However, since local methods also proofed to yield high-quality solutions, this group will be affiliated with the pro-posed study group on the "Methodology of Regional Gravity Field Modelling" by M. Schmidt and Ch. Gerlach in order to investigate the interplay with regional model-ling. The usage of other global base functions is also wel-come.
The objectives of the study group are therefore to:
* investigate each solution strategy, identify approxima-tions and linearizations and test them for their permissibility to the next generation of inter-satellite range obser-vations,
* identify limitations or the necessity for additional and/or more accurate measurements,
* quantify the sensitivity to error sources, e.g. in tidal or non-gravitational force modelling,
* investigate the interaction with global and local modelling,
* extend the applicability to planetary satellite mission, e.g. GRAIL,
* establish a platform for the discussion and in-depth understanding of each approach and provide documentation.
It will not be the objective of this study group to identify the “best” approach as from a theoretical point of view all approaches are able to yield a solution as long as the neces-sary observations with sufficient accuracy have been made and approximations and linearization errors remain below the proposed accuracy of the new range observation. Fur-ther, solutions need validation which is done best with different and independent solution strategies in order to identify possible systematic effects.

===Methodology and Output===
The investigation will be based on an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations of each approach in combina-tion with a simulation study with step-wise increasing realism. The preparation of the simulated data set and each approach will be assigned separate work packages with subtasks, which include the above mentioned objectives. Each member is supposed to assign himself to at least one work package and contribute by adding to the discussion of the principles of each approach, supplying simulated data sets, carry out numerical investigations or develop solutions to specific problems.
The primary output is the result of the collaborative investigation of the different approaches aiming at the identification of possible challenges and the development of solutions ensuring their applicability to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations. These findings are supposed to be well documented in journal paper, possibly in a special issue of Journal of Geodesy or similar by the end of 2014. A workshop is envisaged in the vicinity of the Hotine-Marussi symposium in 2013.


===Members===
 
'' '''Matthias Weigelt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt; Adrian Jäggi (Switzerland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Markus Antoni (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;
Oliver Baur (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Biancale (France) &lt;br /&gt; Sean Bruinsma (France) &lt;br /&gt; Christoph Dahle (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Hassan Hashemi Farahani (The Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jean-Michel Lemoine (France) &lt;br /&gt; Anno Löcher (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Torsten Mayer-Gürr (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Philip Moore (UK) &lt;br /&gt; Himanshu Save (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mohammad Sharifi (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Pieter Visser (The Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt;''

====Corresponding members====
''Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Jean-Claude Raimondo (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6723" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.6: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

The GRACE-mission (Tapley et al., 2004b) proved to be one of the most important satellite missions in recent times as it enabled the recovery of the static gravity field with unprecedented accuracy and, for the first time, the determination of temporal variations on a monthly (and shorter) basis. The key instrument is the K-band ranging system which continuously measures the changes of the distance between the two GRACE satellites with an accuracy of a few micrometer. Thanks to the success of this mission, proposals have been made for the development of a GRACE-follow-on mission and a next-generation GRACE satellite system, respectively. Apart from options for a multi-satellite mission, the major improvement will be the replacement of the microwave based K-band ranging system by laser interferometry (Bender et al., 2003). The expected improvement in the accuracy is in the range of a factor 10 to 1000.
Two types of solution strategies exist for the determination of gravity field quantities from kinematic observations (range, range-rate and range-acceleration). The first type is based on numerical integration. The most common ones are the classical integration of the variational equations (Reigber, 1989; Tapley et al., 2004a), the Celestial Mechanics Approach (Beutler et al., 2010) or the short-arc method (Mayer-Gürr, 2006). The second type of solution strategies tries to make use of in-situ (pseudo)-observa-tions. The most typical ones are the energy balance approach (Jekeli, 1998; Han, 2003), the relative accelera-tion approach (Liu, 2008) or the line-of-sight gradiometry approach (Keller and Sharifi, 2005).
From a theoretical point of view all approaches are in one way or the other based on Newton's equation of motion and thus all of them should be applicable to the next generation of satellite missions as well. Practically, problems arise due to the necessity of approximations and linearizations, the accumulation of errors, the combination of highly-precise with less precise quantities, e.g. K-band with GPS, and the incorporation of auxiliary measure-ments, e.g. accelerometer data. These problems are often circumvented by introducing reference orbits, reducing the solution strategies to residual quantities, and by frequently
solving for initial conditions and/or additional empirical or stochastic parameter. In the context of the next generation of low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking systems, the question is whether these methods are still sufficient to fully exploit the potential of the improved range observations.

===Objectives===
Observations are related to gravity field quantities by means of geometry, kinematics and dynamics. The gravity field is then represented by global or local base functions. The focus of this study group is primarily on the use of spherical harmonics as base function with different approaches to relate the observations to the gravity field. However, since local methods also proofed to yield high-quality solutions, this group will be affiliated with the pro-posed study group on the "Methodology of Regional Gravity Field Modelling" by M. Schmidt and Ch. Gerlach in order to investigate the interplay with regional model-ling. The usage of other global base functions is also wel-come.
The objectives of the study group are therefore to:
* investigate each solution strategy, identify approxima-tions and linearizations and test them for their permissibility to the next generation of inter-satellite range obser-vations,
* identify limitations or the necessity for additional and/or more accurate measurements,
* quantify the sensitivity to error sources, e.g. in tidal or non-gravitational force modelling,
* investigate the interaction with global and local modelling,
* extend the applicability to planetary satellite mission, e.g. GRAIL,
* establish a platform for the discussion and in-depth understanding of each approach and provide documentation.
It will not be the objective of this study group to identify the “best” approach as from a theoretical point of view all approaches are able to yield a solution as long as the neces-sary observations with sufficient accuracy have been made and approximations and linearization errors remain below the proposed accuracy of the new range observation. Fur-ther, solutions need validation which is done best with different and independent solution strategies in order to identify possible systematic effects.

===Methodology and Output===
The investigation will be based on an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations of each approach in combina-tion with a simulation study with step-wise increasing realism. The preparation of the simulated data set and each approach will be assigned separate work packages with subtasks, which include the above mentioned objectives. Each member is supposed to assign himself to at least one work package and contribute by adding to the discussion of the principles of each approach, supplying simulated data sets, carry out numerical investigations or develop solutions to specific problems.
The primary output is the result of the collaborative investigation of the different approaches aiming at the identification of possible challenges and the development of solutions ensuring their applicability to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations. These findings are supposed to be well documented in journal paper, possibly in a special issue of Journal of Geodesy or similar by the end of 2014. A workshop is envisaged in the vicinity of the Hotine-Marussi symposium in 2013.


===Members===
 
'' '''Matthias Weigelt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt; Adrian Jäggi (Switzerland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Markus Antoni (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Oliver Baur (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Biancale (France) &lt;br /&gt; Sean Bruinsma (France) &lt;br /&gt; Christoph Dahle (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Hassan Hashemi Farahani (The Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jean-Michel Lemoine (France) &lt;br /&gt; Anno Löcher (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Torsten Mayer-Gürr (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Philip Moore (UK) &lt;br /&gt; Himanshu Save (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mohammad Sharifi (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Pieter Visser (The Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt;''

====Corresponding members====
''Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Jean-Claude Raimondo (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6724" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.6: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

The GRACE-mission (Tapley et al., 2004b) proved to be one of the most important satellite missions in recent times as it enabled the recovery of the static gravity field with unprecedented accuracy and, for the first time, the determination of temporal variations on a monthly (and shorter) basis. The key instrument is the K-band ranging system which continuously measures the changes of the distance between the two GRACE satellites with an accuracy of a few micrometer. Thanks to the success of this mission, proposals have been made for the development of a GRACE-follow-on mission and a next-generation GRACE satellite system, respectively. Apart from options for a multi-satellite mission, the major improvement will be the replacement of the microwave based K-band ranging system by laser interferometry (Bender et al., 2003). The expected improvement in the accuracy is in the range of a factor 10 to 1000.
Two types of solution strategies exist for the determination of gravity field quantities from kinematic observations (range, range-rate and range-acceleration). The first type is based on numerical integration. The most common ones are the classical integration of the variational equations (Reigber, 1989; Tapley et al., 2004a), the Celestial Mechanics Approach (Beutler et al., 2010) or the short-arc method (Mayer-Gürr, 2006). The second type of solution strategies tries to make use of in-situ (pseudo)-observa-tions. The most typical ones are the energy balance approach (Jekeli, 1998; Han, 2003), the relative accelera-tion approach (Liu, 2008) or the line-of-sight gradiometry approach (Keller and Sharifi, 2005).
From a theoretical point of view all approaches are in one way or the other based on Newton's equation of motion and thus all of them should be applicable to the next generation of satellite missions as well. Practically, problems arise due to the necessity of approximations and linearizations, the accumulation of errors, the combination of highly-precise with less precise quantities, e.g. K-band with GPS, and the incorporation of auxiliary measure-ments, e.g. accelerometer data. These problems are often circumvented by introducing reference orbits, reducing the solution strategies to residual quantities, and by frequently
solving for initial conditions and/or additional empirical or stochastic parameter. In the context of the next generation of low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking systems, the question is whether these methods are still sufficient to fully exploit the potential of the improved range observations.

===Objectives===
Observations are related to gravity field quantities by means of geometry, kinematics and dynamics. The gravity field is then represented by global or local base functions. The focus of this study group is primarily on the use of spherical harmonics as base function with different approaches to relate the observations to the gravity field. However, since local methods also proofed to yield high-quality solutions, this group will be affiliated with the pro-posed study group on the "Methodology of Regional Gravity Field Modelling" by M. Schmidt and Ch. Gerlach in order to investigate the interplay with regional model-ling. The usage of other global base functions is also wel-come.
The objectives of the study group are therefore to:
* investigate each solution strategy, identify approxima-tions and linearizations and test them for their permissibility to the next generation of inter-satellite range obser-vations,
* identify limitations or the necessity for additional and/or more accurate measurements,
* quantify the sensitivity to error sources, e.g. in tidal or non-gravitational force modelling,
* investigate the interaction with global and local modelling,
* extend the applicability to planetary satellite mission, e.g., GRAIL,
* establish a platform for the discussion and in-depth understanding of each approach and provide documentation.
It will not be the objective of this study group to identify the “best” approach as from a theoretical point of view all approaches are able to yield a solution as long as the neces-sary observations with sufficient accuracy have been made and approximations and linearization errors remain below the proposed accuracy of the new range observation. Fur-ther, solutions need validation which is done best with different and independent solution strategies in order to identify possible systematic effects.

===Methodology and Output===
The investigation will be based on an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations of each approach in combina-tion with a simulation study with step-wise increasing realism. The preparation of the simulated data set and each approach will be assigned separate work packages with subtasks, which include the above mentioned objectives. Each member is supposed to assign himself to at least one work package and contribute by adding to the discussion of the principles of each approach, supplying simulated data sets, carry out numerical investigations or develop solutions to specific problems.
The primary output is the result of the collaborative investigation of the different approaches aiming at the identification of possible challenges and the development of solutions ensuring their applicability to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations. These findings are supposed to be well documented in journal paper, possibly in a special issue of Journal of Geodesy or similar by the end of 2014. A workshop is envisaged in the vicinity of the Hotine-Marussi symposium in 2013.


===Members===
 
'' '''Matthias Weigelt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt; Adrian Jäggi (Switzerland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Markus Antoni (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Oliver Baur (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Biancale (France) &lt;br /&gt; Sean Bruinsma (France) &lt;br /&gt; Christoph Dahle (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Hassan Hashemi Farahani (The Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jean-Michel Lemoine (France) &lt;br /&gt; Anno Löcher (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Torsten Mayer-Gürr (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Philip Moore (UK) &lt;br /&gt; Himanshu Save (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mohammad Sharifi (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Pieter Visser (The Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt;''

====Corresponding members====
''Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Jean-Claude Raimondo (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6716" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.6: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

The GRACE-mission (Tapley et al., 2004b) proved to be one of the most important satellite missions in recent times as it enabled the recovery of the static gravity field with unprecedented accuracy and, for the first time, the determination of temporal variations on a monthly (and shorter) basis. The key instrument is the K-band ranging system which continuously measures the changes of the distance between the two GRACE satellites with an accuracy of a few micrometer. Thanks to the success of this mission, proposals have been made for the development of a GRACE-follow-on mission and a next-generation GRACE satellite system, respectively. Apart from options for a multi-satellite mission, the major improvement will be the replacement of the microwave based K-band ranging system by laser interferometry (Bender et al., 2003). The expected improvement in the accuracy is in the range of a factor 10 to 1000.
Two types of solution strategies exist for the determination of gravity field quantities from kinematic observations (range, range-rate and range-acceleration). The first type is based on numerical integration. The most common ones are the classical integration of the variational equations (Reigber, 1989; Tapley et al., 2004a), the Celestial Mechanics Approach (Beutler et al., 2010) or the short-arc method (Mayer-Gürr, 2006). The second type of solution strategies tries to make use of in-situ (pseudo)-observations. The most typical ones are the energy balance approach (Jekeli, 1998; Han, 2003), the relative acceleration approach (Liu, 2008) or the line-of-sight gradiometry approach (Keller and Sharifi, 2005).
From a theoretical point of view all approaches are in one way or the other based on Newton's equation of motion and thus all of them should be applicable to the next generation of satellite missions as well. Practically, problems arise due to the necessity of approximations and linearizations, the accumulation of errors, the combination of highly-precise with less precise quantities, e.g. K-band with GPS, and the incorporation of auxiliary measure-ments, e.g. accelerometer data. These problems are often circumvented by introducing reference orbits, reducing the solution strategies to residual quantities, and by frequently
solving for initial conditions and/or additional empirical or stochastic parameter. In the context of the next generation of low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking systems, the question is whether these methods are still sufficient to fully exploit the potential of the improved range observations.

===Objectives===
Observations are related to gravity field quantities by means of geometry, kinematics and dynamics. The gravity field is then represented by global or local base functions. The focus of this study group is primarily on the use of spherical harmonics as base function with different approaches to relate the observations to the gravity field. However, since local methods also proofed to yield high-quality solutions, this group will be affiliated with the pro-posed study group on the "Methodology of Regional Gravity Field Modelling" by M. Schmidt and Ch. Gerlach in order to investigate the interplay with regional modelling. The usage of other global base functions is also welcome.
The objectives of the study group are therefore to:
* investigate each solution strategy, identify approxima-tions and linearizations and test them for their permissibility to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations,
* identify limitations or the necessity for additional and/or more accurate measurements,
* quantify the sensitivity to error sources, e.g. in tidal or non-gravitational force modelling,
* investigate the interaction with global and local modelling,
* extend the applicability to planetary satellite mission, e.g., GRAIL,
* establish a platform for the discussion and in-depth understanding of each approach and provide documentation.
It will not be the objective of this study group to identify the “best” approach as from a theoretical point of view all approaches are able to yield a solution as long as the necessary observations with sufficient accuracy have been made and approximations and linearization errors remain below the proposed accuracy of the new range observation. Further, solutions need validation which is done best with different and independent solution strategies in order to identify possible systematic effects.

===Methodology and Output===
The investigation will be based on an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations of each approach in combination with a simulation study with step-wise increasing realism. The preparation of the simulated data set and each approach will be assigned separate work packages with subtasks, which include the above mentioned objectives. Each member is supposed to assign himself to at least one work package and contribute by adding to the discussion of the principles of each approach, supplying simulated data sets, carry out numerical investigations or develop solutions to specific problems.
The primary output is the result of the collaborative investigation of the different approaches aiming at the identification of possible challenges and the development of solutions ensuring their applicability to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations. These findings are supposed to be well documented in journal paper, possibly in a special issue of Journal of Geodesy or similar by the end of 2014. A workshop is envisaged in the vicinity of the Hotine-Marussi symposium in 2013.


===Members===
 
'' '''Matthias Weigelt (Germany), chair&lt;br /&gt; Adrian Jäggi (Switzerland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Markus Antoni (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Oliver Baur (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Biancale (France) &lt;br /&gt; Sean Bruinsma (France) &lt;br /&gt; Christoph Dahle (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Hassan Hashemi Farahani (The Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jean-Michel Lemoine (France) &lt;br /&gt; Anno Löcher (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Torsten Mayer-Gürr (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Philip Moore (UK) &lt;br /&gt; Himanshu Save (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mohammad Sharifi (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Pieter Visser (The Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt;''

====Corresponding members====
''Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Majid Naeimi (Germany)&lt;br /&gt; Jean-Claude Raimondo (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="660" xml:space="preserve">* ICCT
** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and Objectives
** Steering comitee
** Study_groups|Study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Forum|Forum
** Mid-term_report|Report 2007-2009
** Report_2007-2011|Report 2007-2011

* Study groups
** IC_SG1|Study group 1
** IC_SG2|Study group 2
** IC_SG3|Study group 3
** IC_SG4|Study group 4
** IC_SG5|Study group 5
** IC_SG6|Study group 6
** IC_SG7|Study group 7
** IC_SG8|Study group 8
** IC_SG9|Study group 9

* Tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="714" xml:space="preserve">* ICCT
** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and Objectives
** Steering comitee
** Study_groups|Study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Forum|Forum
** Mid-term_report|Report 2007-2009
** Report_2007-2011|Report 2007-2011

* Study groups
** IC_SG1|Joint study group 1
** IC_SG2|Joint study group 2
** IC_SG3|Joint study group 3
** IC_SG4|Joint study group 4
** IC_SG5|Joint study group 5
** IC_SG6|Joint study group 6
** IC_SG7|Joint study group 7
** IC_SG8|Joint study group 8
** IC_SG9|Joint study group 9

* Tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
    <sha1>268437b8caa624931e1767c282480d036f147d37</sha1>
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    <comment>Created page with "===First Announcement and call for papers===   =The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=   Scientific Committee N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. ..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="4195" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===


=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


Scientific Committee
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis
Local Organizing Committee
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends, 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, which will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013, under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Objectives
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
	advances in theoretical geodesy
	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 
In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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===First Announcement and call for papers===


=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


Scientific Committee
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis
Local Organizing Committee
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends, 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, which will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013, under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Objectives
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
	advances in theoretical geodesy
	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 
In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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===First Announcement and call for papers===


=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis
Local Organizing Committee
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends, 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, which will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013, under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Objectives
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
	advances in theoretical geodesy
	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 
In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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===First Announcement and call for papers===


=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
* N. Sneeuw, 
* P. Novak, 
* F. Sansò, 
* M. Crespi, 
* T. van Dam, 
* U. Marti,
*  R. Gross, 
* D. Brzezinska, 
* H. Kutterer, 
* W. Kosek, 
* M. Schmidt, 
* C. Gerlach, 
* T. Hobiger, 
* F. Seitz, 
* M. Weigelt, 
* A. Jäggi, 
*R. Čunderlík, 
* K. Mikula, 
* S. Jin, 
* A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
* M. Crespi, 
* E. Benedetti, 
* M. Branzanti, 
* P. Capaldo, 
* G. Colosimo, 
* F. Fratarcangeli, 
* A. Mazzoni, 
* A. Nascetti, 
* F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends, 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, which will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013, under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Objectives
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
	advances in theoretical geodesy
	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 
In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4194" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


Scientific Committee
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis
Local Organizing Committee
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends, 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, which will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013, under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Objectives
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
	advances in theoretical geodesy
	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 
In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4208" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends, 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, which will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013, under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Objectives
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
	advances in theoretical geodesy
	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 
In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, which will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013, under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Objectives
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013, under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Objectives
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4216" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Objectives
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4270" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013|Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].
Objectives
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4277" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013|Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

'''Objectives'''
The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4278" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013|Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

'''Objectives'''

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, all the topics regarding the activities of the ICCT Study Groups are of interest and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4333" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013|Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


'''Objectives'''

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups|ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4333" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


'''Objectives'''

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.
Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4334" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


'''Objectives'''

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the Group on Earth Observation) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4381" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


'''Objectives'''

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.
In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the Mathematics of Planet Earth.
Venue
The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4413" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


'''Objectives'''

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4413" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.
Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended.
Abstracts, presentations and papers
Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4428" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

Abstracts should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.
Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4502" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.
Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate the preference for oral or poster presentation. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.
Guidelines for full paper submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website. 
Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.
Registration fees
Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
	regular registration:	 450 Euro
	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration (after April 15, 2013).
The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
	Symposium proceedings
	coffee breaks
	Rome tour
	social dinner
Social programme
The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novak, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4651" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)

An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after April 15, 2013''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	Symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	Rome tour
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei] (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4652" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)

An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after April 15, 2013''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	Symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	Rome tour
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei] (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!

N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4662" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)

An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after April 15, 2013''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	Symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	Rome tour
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei] (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).


== We look forward to welcome you in Rome! ==


N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4656" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''
N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''
M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)

An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after April 15, 2013''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	Symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	Rome tour
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei] (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4664" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''

N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.uniroma1.it/Hotine-Marussi_Symposium_2013 Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)

An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after April 15, 2013''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	Symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	Rome tour
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei] (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4655" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''

N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)

An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after April 15, 2013''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	Symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	Rome tour
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei] (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="648" xml:space="preserve">The ICCT Web page is based on [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki MediaWiki]. Everybody can read the content and registered users can also easily edit the content of the Web page. This allows to update text in study group pages, news, announcements etc. without asking webmaster and helps to keep the content up-to-date.

To create account for updating pages ask the webmaster [mailto:mvalko@kma.zcu.cz Miloš Vaľko]. If you need create new pages or you need any help with the system, do not hesitate to contact the webmaster also.

Short introduction to wiki markup language is available [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting here].</text>
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  <title>IC SG5</title>
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    <text bytes="6984" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.5: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral geodetic signals'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Terms of Reference===

A large part of the geodetic parameters derived from space geodetic observation techniques are integral quantities of the Earth system. Among the most prominent ones are parameters related to Earth rotation and the gravity field. Variations of those parameters reflect the superposed effect of a multitude of dynamical processes and interactions in various subsystems of the Earth. The integral geodetic quantities provide fundamental and unique information for different balances in the Earth system, in particular for the balances of mass and angular momentum that are directly related to (variations of) the gravity field and Earth rotation. In respective balance equations the geodetic parameters describe the integral effect of exchange processes of mass and angular momentum in the Earth system. In contrast to many other disciplines of geosciences, geodesy is characterized by a very long observation history. Partly, the previously mentioned parameters have been determined over many decades with continuously improved space observation techniques. Thus geodesy provides an excellent data base for the analysis of long term changes in the Earth system and contributes fundamentally to an improved understanding of large-scale processes.

However, in general the integral parameter time series cannot be separated into contributions of specific processes without further information. Their separation and therewith their geophysical interpretation requires complementary data from observation techniques that are unequally sensitive for individual effects and/or from numerical models. Activities of the study group are focussed on the development of strategies for the separation of the integral geodetic signals on the basis of modern space-based Earth observation systems. A multitude of simultaneously operating satellite systems with different objectives is available today. They offer a broad spectrum of information on global and regional-scale processes at different temporal resolutions. Within the study group it shall be investigated in which way the combination of heterogeneous data sets allows for the quantification of individual contributors to the balances of mass and angular momentum.

The research activities shall be coordinated between the participating scientists and shall be conducted in interdisciplinary collaboration. At all times the group is open for new contacts and members in order to embed the activities in a wide context. The study group is primarily affiliated with the IAG commissions 2 (Gravity field) and 3 (Earth rotation and geodynamics).

===Objectives===

The primary objective of the study group is the development of strategies for multi-sensor combinations with the aim of separating time series of integral geodetic parameters related to Earth rotation and gravity field. The separation of the parameter time series into contributions of individual underlying effects fosters the understanding of dynamical processes and interactions in the Earth system. This is of particular interest in the view of global change.

Individual contributions from various subsystems of the Earth shall be quantified and balanced. In particular our investigations focus on the separation of the Earth rotation parameters (polar motion and variations of length-of-day) into contributions of atmospheric and hydrospheric angular momentum variations, and on the separation of GRACE gravity field observations over continents into the contributions of individual hydrological storage compartments, such as groundwater, surface water, soil moisture and snow.
Investigations in the frame of the study group will exploit the synergies of various observation systems (satellite altimetry, optical and radar remote sensing, SMOS, and others) for the separation of the signals and combine their output with numerical models. Among the most important steps are compilation and assessment of background information for individual observation systems and sensors (mode of operation, sensitivity, accuracy, deficiencies) as well as theoretical studies which (new) information on the Earth system can be gained from a combination of different observation methods.

In particular the research comprises the following topics:
* potential und usability of contemporary spaceborne and terrestrial sensors for an improved understanding of processes within atmosphere and hydrosphere,
* analysis of accuracy, temporal and spatial resolution and coverage of different data sets,
* theoretical and numerical studies on the combination of heterogeneous observation types; this comprehends investigations on appropriate methods for parameter estimation including error propagation, the analysis of linear dependencies between parameters and the solution of rank deficiency problems,
* mathematical methods for the enhancement of the information content (e.g., filters),
* quantification of variations of mass and angular momentum in different subsystems from multi-sensor analysis,
* analysis of the consistencies of balances between individual effects and integral geodetic parameters on different spatial scales,
* formulation of recommendations for future research and (if possible) for future satellite missions on the basis of balance inconsistencies.

===Planned Activities===

* Set-up of a JSG webpage for dissemination of information (activities and a bibliographic list of references) and for presentation and communication of research results.
* Organization of conference sessions / workshops:
** planned in 2013: Conference Session in the Hotine Marussi Symposium,
** planned in 2014: 2nd workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observing and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS’ 14).
* Common publications of SG members.
* Common fund raising activities (e.g., for PhD. positions).

===Principal Scientific Outcome/Results===

By the end of the 4-year period 2011-2015 the following outcome shall be achieved:
Mature experience in geodetic multi-sensor data combination including data availability, formats, combination strategies and accuracy aspects.
Numerical results for separated hydrological contributions to integral mass variations observed by GRACE for selected study areas.
Numerical results for separated atmospheric/hydrospheric contributions Earth rotation parameters on seasonal to inter-annual time scales.
Initiation of at least one common funded project with positions for PhD students working in the topical field of the study group.

===Members===

'' '''Florian Seitz (Germany), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sarah Abelen (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Rodrigo Abarca del Rio (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Andreas Güntner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Karin Hedman (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Franz Meyer (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Alka Singh (India) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>Organization</title>
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    <text bytes="1199" xml:space="preserve">=== Steering comitee ===

'''President:''' ''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vice-President:''' ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Past-President:''' ''Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 1: Geoffrey Blewitt (USA)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 2: Roland Pail (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 3: Manabu Hashimoto (Japan)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 4: Marcelo Santos (Canada)''&lt;br /&gt;
''GGOS: Hansjörg Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IGFS: Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IERS: Jürgen Müller (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;

=== President ===

 '''Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nico Sneeuw'''
 Institute of Geodesy
 Universität Stuttgart
 Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24/D
 D-70174 Stuttgart
 Germany
 Phone: ++49 711 68583389
 Fax: ++49 711 68583285
 Email: [mailto:nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de nicolaas.sneeuw@gis.uni-stuttgart.de]
 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/gi/institute/mitarbeiter/sneeuw.html

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak</text>
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    <text bytes="1125" xml:space="preserve">=== Steering comitee ===

'''President:''' ''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vice-President:''' ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Past-President:''' ''Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 1: Geoffrey Blewitt (USA)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 2: Roland Pail (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 3: Manabu Hashimoto (Japan)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 4: Marcelo Santos (Canada)''&lt;br /&gt;
''GGOS: Hansjörg Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IGFS: Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IERS: Jürgen Müller (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;

=== President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak</text>
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    <text bytes="1277" xml:space="preserve">=== Steering comitee ===

'''President:''' ''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vice-President:''' ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Past-President:''' ''Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 1: Geoffrey Blewitt (USA)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 2: Roland Pail (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 3: Manabu Hashimoto (Japan)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 4: Marcelo Santos (Canada)''&lt;br /&gt;
''GGOS: Hansjörg Kutterer (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IGFS: Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IERS: Jürgen Müller (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;

=== President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Mattia Crespi, PhD.'''
 Geodesy and Geomatics Division
 Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering
 Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering  
 University of Rome "La Sapienza"
 via Eudossiana, 18 
 00184 Roma 
 Italy
 Phone: ++39 06 44585097
 Fax: ++39 0649915097 
 Email: [mailto:mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it]
 https://sites.google.com/a/uniroma1.it/mattiacrespi-eng/</text>
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    <text bytes="2812" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities, namely commissions, services and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011. At the IUGG XXIV Assembly in Prague, 2015, ICCT became a permanent entity within the IAG structure.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements (i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and (ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, ICCT (1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; (2) provides the channel of communication amongst different IAG entities of commissions, services and projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; (3) helps IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. ICCT strives to attract and serve as home to all mathematically motivated and oriented geodesists as well as to applied mathematicians; and (4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are
to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy,
to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy,
to monitor developments in geodetic methodology.
To achieve these objectives, the ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions, GGOS and other IAG related entities (services, projects).


==Program of Activities==
The ICCT's program of activities include
participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences (IAG, EGU, AGU, …),
organization of a Hotine-Marussi symposium,
initiation of a summer school on theoretical geodesy,
maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
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    <text bytes="2819" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities, namely commissions, services and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011. At the IUGG XXIV Assembly in Prague, 2015, ICCT became a permanent entity within the IAG structure.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements (i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and (ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, ICCT (1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; (2) provides the channel of communication amongst different IAG entities of commissions, services and projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; (3) helps IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. ICCT strives to attract and serve as home to all mathematically motivated and oriented geodesists as well as to applied mathematicians; and (4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are
•	to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy,
•	to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy,
•	to monitor developments in geodetic methodology.
To achieve these objectives, ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions, GGOS and other IAG related entities (services, projects).

==Program of Activities==
The ICCT's program of activities include
participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences (IAG, EGU, AGU, …),
organization of a Hotine-Marussi symposium,
initiation of a summer school on theoretical geodesy,
maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
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    <text bytes="2837" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities, namely commissions, services and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011. At the IUGG XXIV Assembly in Prague, 2015, ICCT became a permanent entity within the IAG structure.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements (i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and (ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, ICCT (1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; (2) provides the channel of communication amongst different IAG entities of commissions, services and projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; (3) helps IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. ICCT strives to attract and serve as home to all mathematically motivated and oriented geodesists as well as to applied mathematicians; and (4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are
• to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to monitor developments in geodetic methodology &lt;br /&gt;
To achieve these objectives, ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions, GGOS and other IAG related entities (services, projects).

==Program of Activities==
The ICCT's program of activities include
participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences (IAG, EGU, AGU, …),
organization of a Hotine-Marussi symposium,
initiation of a summer school on theoretical geodesy,
maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
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    <text bytes="2844" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities, namely commissions, services and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011. At the IUGG XXIV Assembly in Prague, 2015, ICCT became a permanent entity within the IAG structure.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements (i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and (ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, ICCT (1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; (2) provides the channel of communication amongst different IAG entities of commissions, services and projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; (3) helps IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. ICCT strives to attract and serve as home to all mathematically motivated and oriented geodesists as well as to applied mathematicians; and (4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are &lt;br /&gt;
• to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to monitor developments in geodetic methodology &lt;br /&gt;
To achieve these objectives, ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions, GGOS and other IAG related entities (services, projects).

==Program of Activities==
The ICCT's program of activities include
participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences (IAG, EGU, AGU, …),
organization of a Hotine-Marussi symposium,
initiation of a summer school on theoretical geodesy,
maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
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    <text bytes="2866" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities, namely commissions, services and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011. At the IUGG XXIV Assembly in Prague, 2015, ICCT became a permanent entity within the IAG structure.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements (i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and (ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, ICCT (1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; (2) provides the channel of communication amongst different IAG entities of commissions, services and projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; (3) helps IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. ICCT strives to attract and serve as home to all mathematically motivated and oriented geodesists as well as to applied mathematicians; and (4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are &lt;br /&gt;
• to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to monitor developments in geodetic methodology &lt;br /&gt;
To achieve these objectives, ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions, GGOS and other IAG related entities (services, projects).

==Program of Activities==

The ICCT's program of activities include 
• participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences such as IAG, EGU and AGU,
• organization of Hotine-Marussi symposia,
• initiation of summer schools on theoretical geodesy,
• and maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
    <sha1>d97326d6655e9d3ce90f6c97ae4360fe42eeca86</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>69</id>
    <parentid>66</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:13:47Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
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    <comment>/* Program of Activities */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2893" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities, namely commissions, services and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011. At the IUGG XXIV Assembly in Prague, 2015, ICCT became a permanent entity within the IAG structure.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements (i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and (ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, ICCT (1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; (2) provides the channel of communication amongst different IAG entities of commissions, services and projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; (3) helps IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. ICCT strives to attract and serve as home to all mathematically motivated and oriented geodesists as well as to applied mathematicians; and (4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are &lt;br /&gt;
• to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to monitor developments in geodetic methodology &lt;br /&gt;
To achieve these objectives, ICCT interacts and collaborates with the IAG Commissions, GGOS and other IAG related entities (services, projects).

==Program of Activities==

The ICCT's program of activities include &lt;br /&gt;
• participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences such as IAG, EGU and AGU, &lt;br /&gt;
• organization of Hotine-Marussi symposia, &lt;br /&gt;
• initiation of summer schools on theoretical geodesy, &lt;br /&gt;
• and maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
    <sha1>862313cf87cd427d237a5cdb7f0c7ce1eaf4ddba</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2013-01-08 16:57:40+00|381">
  <title>Study groups</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>6</id>
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    <id>118</id>
    <parentid>115</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:16:54Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Admin</username>
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    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
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    <text bytes="2408" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''GGOS and all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: Gravity field modelling in support of height system realization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Schmidt, Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Coordinate systems in numerical weather models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Th. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral geodetic signals''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Earth system interaction from space geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>9f73b811b2e4584a54501aae881c5e4a0ae38a31</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>91</id>
    <parentid>84</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:17:47Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2394" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: Gravity field modelling in support of height system realization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''P. Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Schmidt, Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Coordinate systems in numerical weather models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Th. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral geodetic signals''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Earth system interaction from space geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>e06b242da7f09600d348facbcf78ebe95e28f7c3</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>128</id>
    <parentid>91</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:18:53Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2385" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory ''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Comparison of current methodologies in regional gravity field modelling''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Schmidt, Ch. Gerlach (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Coordinate systems in numerical weather models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Th. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral geodetic signals''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Earth system interaction from space geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>a11a62fcd800e98d369170acbd36e06f999f808e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>120</id>
    <parentid>91</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:19:55Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2400" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory ''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models ''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Coordinate systems in numerical weather models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Th. Hobiger (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral geodetic signals''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Earth system interaction from space geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>9f8ab84825b2e415dfc7a16dd9ee41bf294e141e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>127</id>
    <parentid>120</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:21:21Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2492" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Multi-sensor combination for the separation of integral geodetic signals''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''F. Seitz (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Earth system interaction from space geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>7ae6aecce91ff5c8c325439a21b287205395aca8</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>117</id>
    <parentid>91</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:22:18Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2477" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Applicability of current GRACE solution strategies to the next generation of inter-satellite range observations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''M. Weigelt (Germany), A. Jäggi (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Earth system interaction from space geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>559ca547b0a3896b2bbec0e31acd36b3a929eb18</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>121</id>
    <parentid>117</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:23:20Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2440" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy ''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Earth system interaction from space geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>fbf2b7fdad8b2aa54716bc5c82651893b802e43c</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>89</id>
    <parentid>84</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:24:07Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2388" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy ''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources ''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Earth system interaction from space geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''S. Jin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''all Commissions''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>727ecfa518c4ced294f4be4699bcacf21b39e7ff</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>104</id>
    <parentid>89</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:24:58Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2401" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy ''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources ''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>494980c7b02403419b7c10de8e7acbbb93e65952</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>87</id>
    <parentid>84</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:26:22Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2401" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>8e832deaffd11cf5407f309cd297bec344707a31</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>97</id>
    <parentid>87</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:27:40Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2363" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Future developments of ITRF models and their geophysical interpretation''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''A. Dermanis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and IERS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>eec19f88c6e51928d07be84ba2adb16ee78cbf4f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>123</id>
    <parentid>97</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:30:31Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2322" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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  <title>IC SG1</title>
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    <text bytes="6839" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.1: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 and 4''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

• To realize the inventories of:
- the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems
- the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
- the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
• To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
• To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
• To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6845" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

• To realize the inventories of:
- the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems
- the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
- the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
• To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
• To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
• To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6837" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of:
- the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems
- the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
- the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6861" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of:
- the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems  &lt;br /&gt;
- the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges  &lt;br /&gt;
- the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology  &lt;br /&gt;
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <timestamp>2016-04-24T09:52:51Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="6849" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 1- the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 2- the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges, 3- the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling &lt;br /&gt; with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6856" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: &lt;br /&gt; 1- the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 2- the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges, 3- the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling &lt;br /&gt; with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6870" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: &lt;br /&gt; 1- the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, &lt;br /&gt; 2- the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges, &lt;br /&gt; 3- the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling &lt;br /&gt; with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6851" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling &lt;br /&gt; 
with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6843" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2013-01-08 16:57:40+00|381">
  <title>IC SG2</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>9</id>
  <revision>
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    <text bytes="3239" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.11: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The mathematical description and numerical computation of the gravity signal of finite distributions play a central role in gravity field modelling and interpretation. Thereby, the study of the field induced by ideal geometrical bodies, such as the cylinder, the rectangular prism or the generally shaped polyhedron, is of special importance both as fundamental case studies but also in the frame of terrain correction computations over finite geographical regions.
Analytical and numerical tools have been developed for the potential function and its derivatives up to second order for the most familiar ideal bodies, which are widely used in gravity related studies. Also, an abundance of implementations have been proposed for computing these quantities over grids of computational points, elaborating data from digital terrain or crustal databases.
Scope of the Study Group is to investigate the possibilities of applying wavelet and multiscale analysis methods to compute the gravitational effect of known density distributions. Starting from the cases of ideal bodies and moving towards applications involving DTM data, or hidden structures in the Earth's interior, it will be attempted to derive explicit approaches for the individual existing analytical, numerical or combined (hybrid) methodologies. In this process, the mathematical consequences of expressing in the wavelet representation standard tools of potential theory, such as the Gauss or Green theorem, involved for example in the analytical derivations of the polyhedral gravity signal, will be addressed. Finally, a linkage to the coefficients obtained from the numerical approaches but also to the potential coefficients of currently available Earth gravity models will also be envisaged.

===Objectives===

* Bibliographical survey and identification of multiresolutional techniques for expressing the gravity field signal of finite distributions.
* Case studies for different geometrical finite shapes.
* Comparison and assessment against existing analytical, numerical and hybrid solutions.
* Computations over finite regions in the frame of classical terrain correction computations.
* Band limited validation against available Earth gravity models.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
    <sha1>22038e405396701c2e5f0fb6c3582e11bdf0b189</sha1>
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    <text bytes="3241" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.11: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The mathematical description and numerical computation of the gravity signal of finite distributions play a central role in gravity field modelling and interpretation. Thereby, the study of the field induced by ideal geometrical bodies, such as the cylinder, the rectangular prism or the generally shaped polyhedron, is of special importance both as fundamental case studies but also in the frame of terrain correction computations over finite geographical regions.

Analytical and numerical tools have been developed for the potential function and its derivatives up to second order for the most familiar ideal bodies, which are widely used in gravity related studies. Also, an abundance of implementations have been proposed for computing these quantities over grids of computational points, elaborating data from digital terrain or crustal databases.

Scope of the Study Group is to investigate the possibilities of applying wavelet and multiscale analysis methods to compute the gravitational effect of known density distributions. Starting from the cases of ideal bodies and moving towards applications involving DTM data, or hidden structures in the Earth's interior, it will be attempted to derive explicit approaches for the individual existing analytical, numerical or combined (hybrid) methodologies. In this process, the mathematical consequences of expressing in the wavelet representation standard tools of potential theory, such as the Gauss or Green theorem, involved for example in the analytical derivations of the polyhedral gravity signal, will be addressed. Finally, a linkage to the coefficients obtained from the numerical approaches but also to the potential coefficients of currently available Earth gravity models will also be envisaged.

===Objectives===

* Bibliographical survey and identification of multiresolutional techniques for expressing the gravity field signal of finite distributions.
* Case studies for different geometrical finite shapes.
* Comparison and assessment against existing analytical, numerical and hybrid solutions.
* Computations over finite regions in the frame of classical terrain correction computations.
* Band limited validation against available Earth gravity models.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
    <sha1>be10646e6eb5459350dbfdccb95a7a74f6fa176e</sha1>
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    <text bytes="3275" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.11: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The mathematical description and numerical computation of the gravity signal of finite distributions play a central role in gravity field modelling and interpretation. Thereby, the study of the field induced by ideal geometrical bodies, such as the cylinder, the rectangular prism or the generally shaped polyhedron, is of special importance both as fundamental case studies but also in the frame of terrain correction computations over finite geographical regions.

Analytical and numerical tools have been developed for the potential function and its derivatives up to second order for the most familiar ideal bodies, which are widely used in gravity related studies. Also, an abundance of implementations have been proposed for computing these quantities over grids of computational points, elaborating data from digital terrain or crustal databases.

Scope of the Study Group is to investigate the possibilities of applying wavelet and multiscale analysis methods to compute the gravitational effect of known density distributions. Starting from the cases of ideal bodies and moving towards applications involving DTM data, or hidden structures in the Earth's interior, it will be attempted to derive explicit approaches for the individual existing analytical, numerical or combined (hybrid) methodologies. In this process, the mathematical consequences of expressing in the wavelet representation standard tools of potential theory, such as the Gauss or Green theorem, involved for example in the analytical derivations of the polyhedral gravity signal, will be addressed. Finally, a linkage to the coefficients obtained from the numerical approaches but also to the potential coefficients of currently available Earth gravity models will also be envisaged.

===Objectives===

* Bibliographical survey and identification of multiresolutional techniques for expressing the gravity field signal of finite distributions.
* Case studies for different geometrical finite shapes.
* Comparison and assessment against existing analytical, numerical and hybrid solutions.
* Computations over finite regions in the frame of classical terrain correction computations.
* Band limited validation against available Earth gravity models.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Michael (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;  Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
    <sha1>ea8e1c1460e2b9b96eaa347f56c2f327a335cbbe</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2013-01-08 16:57:40+00|381">
  <title>IC SG3</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>10</id>
  <revision>
    <id>174</id>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T10:07:39Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="4762" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Efficient numerical methods and HPC (high performance computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the JSG is to apply numerical methods and/or HPC techniques mostly for gravity field modelling and nonlinear filtering of various geodetic data. The discretization numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM) and boundary element method (BEM) or the meshless methods like the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) or singular boundary method (SOR) can be efficiently used to solve the geodetic boundary value problems and nonlinear diffusion filtering, or to process e.g. the GOCE observations. Their parallel implementations and large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory using the MPI (Message Passing Interface) standards allows to solve such problems in spatial domains while obtaining high-resolution numerical solutions. 

Our JSG is also open for researchers dealing with the classical approaches of gravity field modelling (e.g. the spherical or ellipsoidal harmonics) that are using high performance computing to speed up their processing of enormous amount of input data. This includes large-scale parallel computations on massively parallel architectures as well as heterogeneous parallel computations using graphics processing units (GPUs).

Applications of the aforementioned numerical methods for gravity field modelling involve a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. It naturally leads to the oblique derivative problem that needs to be treated. In case of FEM or FVM, unstructured meshes above the topography will be constructed. The meshless methods like MFS or SBM that are based on the point-masses modelling can be applied for processing the gravity gradients observed by the GOCE satellite mission. To reach precise and high-resolution solutions, an elimination of far zones’ contributions is practically inevitable. This can be performed using the fast multipole method or iterative procedures. In both cases such an elimination process improves conditioning of the system matrix and a numerical stability of the problem. 
The aim of the JSG is also to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that allow adaptive smoothing, which effectively reduces the noise while preserves main structures in data. The proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface where the diffusivity coefficients depend on a combination of the edge detector and a mean curvature of the filtered function. This will avoid undesirable smoothing of local extremes.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of the study group are as follows:
* to develop algorithms for detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface including the possibility of adaptive refinement procedures,
* to create unstructured meshes above the topography for the FVM or FEM approach,
* to develop the FVM, BEM or FEM numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs that will treat the oblique derivative problem,
* to develop numerical models based on MFS or SBM for processing the GOCE observations,
* to develop parallel implementations of algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate and develop methods for nonlinear diffusion filtering of data on the Earth’s surface where the diffusivity coefficients depend on a combination of the edge detector and a mean curvature of the filtered function,
* to derive the semi-implicit numerical schemes for the nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* and to apply the developed nonlinear filtering methods to real geodetic data.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic workshops and conferences. 
* Organization of group working meetings at main international symposia.
* Organization of conference sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair &lt;br /&gt; Karol Mikula (Slovakia), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Jan Martin Brockmann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Walyeldeen Godah (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Kollár (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Zuzana Minarechová (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wolf-Dieter Schuh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>3d709832be61ff2c070ef4f73e839cf73f8f0e44</sha1>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>IC SG4</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>11</id>
  <revision>
    <id>206</id>
    <parentid>201</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T10:15:00Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="4981" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The description of the Earth's gravitational field and its temporal variations belongs to fundamental pillars of modern geodesy. The accurate knowledge of the global gravitational field is important in many applications including precise positioning, metrology, geophysics, geodynamics, oceanography, hydrology, cryospheric and other geosciences. Various observation techniques for collecting gravitational data have been invented based on terrestrial, marine, airborne and more recently, satellite sensors. On the other hand, different parametrization methods of the gravitational field were established in geodesy, however, with many unobservable parameters. For this reason, the geodetic science has traditionally been formulating various gravitational parameter transformations, including those based on solving boundary/initial value problems of potential theory, through Fredholm's integral equations.

Traditionally, Stokes’s, Vening-Meinesz’s and Hotine’s integrals have been of interest in geodesy as they accommodated geodetic applications. In recent history, new geodetic integral transformations were formulated. This effort was mainly initiated by new gravitational observables that became gradually available to geodesists with the advent of precise GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) positioning, satellite altimetry and aerial gravimetry/gradiometry.  The family of integral transformations has enormously been extended with satellite-to-satellite tracking and satellite gradiometric data available from recent gravity-dedicated satellite missions.

Besides numerous efforts in developing integral equations to cover new observables in geodesy, many aspects of integral equations remain challenging. This study group aims for systematic treatment of integral transformation in geodesy, as many formulations have been performed by making use of various approaches. Many solutions are based on spherical approximation that cannot be justified for globally distributed satellite data and with respect to requirements of various data users requiring gravitational data to be distributed the reference ellipsoid or at constant geodetic altitude. On the other hand, the integral equations in spherical approximation possess symmetric properties that allow for studying their spatial and spectral properties; they also motivate for adopting a generalized notation. New numerically efficient, stable and accurate methods for upward/downward continuation, comparison, validation, transformation, combination and/or for interpretation of gravitational data are also of high interest with increasing availability of large amounts of new data.

===Objectives===

* To consider different types of gravitational data, i.e., terrestrial, aerial and satellite, available today and to formulate their mathematical relation to the gravitational potential.
* To study mathematical properties of differential operators in spherical and Jacobi ellipsoidal coordinates, which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* To complete the family of integral equations relating various types of current and foreseen gravitational data and to derive corresponding spherical and ellipsoidal Green’s functions.
* To study accurate and numerically stable methods for upward/downward continuation of gravitational field parameters.
* To investigate optimal combination techniques of heterogeneous gravitational field observables for gravitational field modelling at all scales.
* To investigate conditionality as well as spatial and spectral properties of linear operators based on discretized integral equations.
* To classify integral transformations and to propose suitable generalized notation for a variety of classical and new integral equations in geodesy.

===Program of Activities===

* Presenting research results at major international geodetic and geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Organizing a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2017.
* Cooperating with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring activities of JGS members as well as other scientists related to the scope of JGS activities.
* Providing bibliographic list of relevant publications from different disciplines in the area of JSG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Alireza Ardalan (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (China) &lt;br /&gt; Guyla Tóth (Hungary) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>d05dafce2af27f70aaaa5fdb7529fb25d786493b</sha1>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>IC SG5</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>12</id>
  <revision>
    <id>213</id>
    <parentid>210</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T10:20:29Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="5531" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All Commissions and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

Observations provided by space geodetic techniques deliver a global picture of the changing system Earth, in particular temporal changes of the Earth’s gravity field, irregularities in the Earth rotation and variations of station positions due to various geodynamical phenomena. Different techniques are characterized by different accuracy and different sensitivity to geodetic parameters, e.g., GNSS provides most accurate pole coordinates, but cannot provide the absolute information on UT1-UTC, and thus, must be integrated with VLBI or LLR data. GRACE observations provide state-of-the-art and most accurate information on temporal changes of the gravity field, but the temporal changes of the Earth’s oblateness or the geocentre motion can be better determined using SLR data. Therefore, a fusion of various space geodetic observations is an indispensable prerequisite for a reliable description of the varying system Earth. 
 
However, the space geodetic observations are typically not free of artifacts related to deficiencies in various models used in the data reduction process. GNSS satellite orbits are very sensitive to deficiencies in solar radiation pressure modeling affecting, e.g., the accuracy of GNSS-derived Earth rotation parameters and geocentre coordinates. Deficiencies in modeling of antenna phase center offsets, albedo and the antenna thrust limit the reliability of GNSS and DORIS-derived scale of the terrestrial reference frame, despite a good global coverage of GNSS receivers and DORIS beacons. VLBI solutions are affected by an inhomogeneous quality delivered by different stations and antenna deformations. SLR technique is affected by the Blue-Sky effect which is related to the weather dependency of laser observations and the station-dependent satellite signature effect due to multiple reflections from many retroreflectors. Moreover, un-modeled horizontal gradients of the troposphere delay in SLR analyzes also limit the quality of SLR solutions. Finally, GRACE data are very sensitive to aliasing with diurnal and semidiurnal tides, whereas GOCE and Swarm orbits show a worse quality around the geomagnetic equator due to deficiencies in ionosphere delay modeling.

Separation of real geophysical signals and artifacts in geodetic observations yield a very challenging objective. A fusion of different observational techniques of space geodesy may enhance our knowledge on systematic effects, improve the consistency between different observational techniques, and may help us to mitigate artifacts in the geodetic time series.

The mitigation of artifacts using parameters derived by a fusion of different techniques of space geodesy should comprise three steps: 1) identification of an artifact through an analysis of geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques; 2) delivering a way to model an artifact; 3) applying the developed model to standard solutions by the analysis centers. 

Improving the consistency level through mitigating artifacts in space geodetic observations will bring us closer to fulfilling the objectives of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), i.e., the 1-mm accuracy of positions and 0.1-mm/year accuracy of the velocity determination. Without a deep knowledge of systematic effects in satellite geodetic data and without a proper modeling thereof, the accomplishment of the GGOS goals will never be possible. 

===Objectives===

* Developing of data fusion methods based on geodetic data from different sources
* Accuracy assessment and simulations of geodetic observations in order to fulfil GGOS’ goals
* Study time series of geodetic parameters (geometry, gravity and rotation) and other derivative parameters (e.g., troposphere and ionosphere delays) determined using different techniques of space geodesy
* Investigating biases and systematic effects in single techniques
* Combination of satellite geodetic observations at the observation level and software synchronization
* Investigating various methods of technique co-locations: through local ties, global ties, co-location in space
* Identifying artifacts in time series of geodetic parameters using e.g., spatial, temporal, and spectral analyzes
* Elaborating methods aimed at mitigating systematic effects and artifacts
* Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by techniques using different methods and algorithms
* Comparison of different methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages
* Recommendations for analysis working groups and conventions

===Planned Activities===

* Preparing a web page with information concerning integration and consistency of satellite geodetic techniques and their integration with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Toshimichi Otsubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Daniela Thaller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Mathis Blossfeld (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Andrea Maier (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Claudia Flohrer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Agnieszka Wnek (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Sara Bruni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Karina Wilgan (Poland) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>IC SG6</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>13</id>
  <revision>
    <id>226</id>
    <parentid>225</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-24T10:27:52Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="4418" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

A theoretical framework for the regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling is a conceptual structure to solve a geodetic boundary value problem regionally. It is a physically sound integration of a set of coherent definitions, physical models and constants, geodetic reference systems and mathematical equations. Current frameworks are designed to solve one of the two geodetic boundary value problems: Stokes’s and Molodensky’s. These frameworks were originally established and subsequently refined for many decades to get the best accuracy of the geoid/quasi-geoid model. The regional geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with an accuracy of a few centimeters in a number of regions in the world, and has been adopted to define new vertical datum replacing the spirit-leveling networks in New Zealand and Canada. More and more countries are modernizing their existing height systems with the geoid-based datum. Yet the geoid model still needs further improvement to match the accuracy of the GNSS-based heightening. This requires the theory and its numerical realization, to be of sub-centimeter accuracy, and the availability of adequate data.

Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling often involves the combination of satellite, airborne, terrestrial (shipborne and land) gravity data through the remove-compute-restore Stokes method and the least-squares collocation. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with an accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with terrestrial gravity data, which are still unique in determining the high-degree geoid components. It can be foreseen that gravity data coverage will extend everywhere over lands, in particular, airborne data, in the near future.  Furthermore, the digital elevation models required for the gravity reduction have achieved global coverage with redundancy.  A pressing question to answer is if these data are sufficiently accurate for the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid determination. This study group focuses on refining and establishing if necessary the theoretical frameworks of the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid. 

===Objectives===

The theoretical frameworks of the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid consist of, but are not limited to, the following components to study:
* Physical constant GM
* W0 convention and changes
* Geo-center convention and motion with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)
* Geodetic Reference Systems
* Proper formulation of the geodetic boundary value problem
* Nonlinear solution of the formulated geodetic boundary value problem
* Data type, distribution and quality requirements
* Data interpolation and extrapolation methods
* Gravity reduction including downward or upward continuation from observation points down or up to the geoid, in particular over mountainous regions, polar glaciers and ice caps
* Anomalous topographic mass density effect on the geoid model
* Spectral combination of different types of gravity data
* Transformation between the geoid and quasi-geoid models
* The time-variable geoid/quasi-geoid change modelling
* Estimation of the geoid/quasi-geoid model inaccuracies
* Independent validation of geoid/quasi-geoid models
* Applications of new tools such as the radial basis functions 

===Program of activities===

* The study group achieves its objectives through organizing splinter meetings in coincidence with major IAG conferences and workshops if possible.
* Circulating and sharing progress reports, papers and presentations.
* Presenting and publishing papers in the IAG symposia and scientific journals. 

===Members===
 
'' '''Jianliang Huang (Canada), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;  '''Yan Ming Wang (USA), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Heiner Denker (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; René Forsberg (Denmark) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Urs Marti (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Vaníček (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>IC SG2</title>
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    <text bytes="3312" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.11: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The mathematical description and numerical computation of the gravity signal of finite distributions play a central role in gravity field modelling and interpretation. Thereby, the study of the field induced by ideal geometrical bodies, such as the cylinder, the rectangular prism or the generally shaped polyhedron, is of special importance both as fundamental case studies but also in the frame of terrain correction computations over finite geographical regions.

Analytical and numerical tools have been developed for the potential function and its derivatives up to second order for the most familiar ideal bodies, which are widely used in gravity related studies. Also, an abundance of implementations have been proposed for computing these quantities over grids of computational points, elaborating data from digital terrain or crustal databases.

Scope of the Study Group is to investigate the possibilities of applying wavelet and multiscale analysis methods to compute the gravitational effect of known density distributions. Starting from the cases of ideal bodies and moving towards applications involving DTM data, or hidden structures in the Earth's interior, it will be attempted to derive explicit approaches for the individual existing analytical, numerical or combined (hybrid) methodologies. In this process, the mathematical consequences of expressing in the wavelet representation standard tools of potential theory, such as the Gauss or Green theorem, involved for example in the analytical derivations of the polyhedral gravity signal, will be addressed. Finally, a linkage to the coefficients obtained from the numerical approaches but also to the potential coefficients of currently available Earth gravity models will also be envisaged.

===Objectives===

* Bibliographical survey and identification of multiresolutional techniques for expressing the gravity field signal of finite distributions.
* Case studies for different geometrical finite shapes.
* Comparison and assessment against existing analytical, numerical and hybrid solutions.
* Computations over finite regions in the frame of classical terrain correction computations.
* Band limited validation against available Earth gravity models.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Michael (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;  Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt;'' 

====Corresponding members====

''Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
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  <title>IC SG7</title>
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    <text bytes="4230" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.12: Computational methods for high-resolution gravity field modelling and nonlinear diffusion filtering'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''R. Čunderlík (Slovakia), K. Mikula (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__
===Introduction===
Efficient numerical methods and HPC (High Performance Computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the IC SG is to apply numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM), boundary element method (BEM) and others mostly for gravity field modelling and non-linear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface. An advantage is that such numerical methods use finite elements as basis functions with local supports. Therefore a refinement of the discretization is very straightforward allowing adaptive refinement procedures as well.

In case of gravity field modelling, a parallelization of algorithms using the standard MPI (Message Passing Interface) procedures and computations on clusters with distributed memory allows to achieve global or local gravity field models of very high-resolution, where a level of the discretization practically depends on capacity of available HPC facilities. The aforementioned numerical methods allow a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. To get precise numerical solution to the geodetic boundary-value problems (BVPs) on such complicated surface it is also necessary handle problems like the oblique derivative.
Data filtering occurs in many applications of geosciences. A quality of filtering is essential for correct interpretations of obtained results. In geodesy we usually use methods based on the Gaussian filtering that corresponds to a linear diffusion. Such filtering has a uniform smoothing effect, which also blurs “edges” representing important structures in the filtered data. In contrary, a nonlinear diffusion allows adaptive smoothing that can preserve main structures in data, while a noise is effectively reduced. In image processing there are known at least two basic nonlinear diffusion models; (i) the regularized Perona-Malik model, where the diffusion coefficient depends on an edge detector, and (ii) the geodesic mean curvature flow model based on a geometrical diffusion of level-sets of the image intensity.

The aim of the JSG is to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that would be useful for a variety of geodetic data, e.g., from satellite missions, satellite altimetry and others. A choice of an appropriate numerical technique is open to members of the JSG. An example of the proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface.

===Objectives===

* to develop numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs using numerical methods like FEM, FVM, BEM and others,
* to investigate the problem of oblique derivative,
* to implement parallelization of numerical algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate methods for nonlinear filtering of data on closed surfaces using the regularized Perona-Malik model or mean curvature flow model,
* to derive fully-implicit and semi-implicit numerical schemes for the linear and nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* to develop algorithms for the nonlinear filtering of data on the Earth’s surface,
* to summarize the developed methods and achieved numerical results in journal papers.

===Program of activities===
Active participation in major geodetic conferences, working meetings at international symposia, organization of a conference session.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; '''Karol Mikula (Slovakia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Ahmed Abdalla, (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Beneš (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Zuzana Fašková (Slovakia)&lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Róbert Špir (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Róbert Tenzer (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6105" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and 3''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The satellite gravimetry missions, CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP), the GRavity field and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), significantly improved our knowledge on the external gravitational field of the Earth at the long-to-medium wavelengths (approximately up to a spherical harmonic degree of 250). Such improved information in terms of the accuracy and resolution has been utilized in studies of the Earth’s interior for a better understanding of the Earth’s inner structure and processes occurring within the lithosphere and sub-lithospheric mantle. Whereas the long-wavelength spectrum of the Earth’s gravitational field comprises mainly the signature of deep mantle density heterogeneities attributed to mantle convection, the medium wavelengths reflect the density structure of more shallow sources within the lithosphere. This allows studying and interpreting in more detail the gravitational features which are related to the global tectonism (including the oceanic subduction, orogenic formations, earthquakes, global lithospheric plate configuration, etc.), sub-lithospheric stresses, isostatic mechanisms, glacial isostatic adjustment, and other related geodynamic phenomena. Moreover, the Global Gravitational Models (GGMs) have been extensively used in studies of the lithospheric density structure and density interfaces such as for the gravimetric recovery of the Moho depth, lithospheric thickness as well as structure of sedimentary basins. 

Since the gravity observations could not be used alone to interpret the Earth’s inner density structure due to a non-uniqueness of inverse solutions (i.e. infinity many 3-D density structures could be attributed to the Earth’s gravity field), additional information is required to constrain the gravimetric methods for interpreting the Earth’s interior. These constraining data comprise primarily results of seismic surveys as well as additional geophysical, geothermal and geochemical parameters of the Earth. Moreover, numerous recent gravimetric studies of the Earth’s interior focus on the global and regional Moho recovery. The classical isostatic models (according to Airy and Pratt theories) are typically not able to model realistically the actual Moho geometry, due to the fact that the isostatic mass balance depends on loading and effective elastic thickness, rigidity, rheology of the lithosphere and viscosity of the asthenosphere. Moreover, geodynamic processes such as the glacial isostatic adjustment, present-day glacial melting, plate motion and mantle convection contribute to the time-dependent isostatic balance. To overcome these issues, processing strategies of combining gravity and seismic data (and possibly also additional constraining information) have to be applied to determine the actual Moho geometry. 

The gravimetric methods applied in studies of the Earth’s inner density structure comprise - in principle - two categories. The methods for the gravimetric forward modeling are applied to model (and remove) the gravitational signature of known density structures in order to enhance the gravitational contribution of unknown (and sought) density structures and interfaces. The gravimetric inverse methods are then used to interpret these unknown density structures from the refined gravity data. It is obvious that the combination of gravity and seismic data (and other constraining information) is essential especially in solving the gravimetric inverse problems. 

This gives us the platform and opportunities towards improving the theoretical and numerical methods applied in studies of Earth’s interior from multiple data sources, primarily focusing but not restricting only to combining gravimetric and seismic data. It is expected that the gravity data could improve our knowledge of the Earth’s interior over significant proportion of the world where seismic data are sparse or completely absent (such large parts of oceanic areas, Antarctica, Greenland and Africa). The gravity data could also provide additional information on the lithospheric structure and mechanisms, such as global tectonic configuration, geometry of subducted slabs, crustal thickening of orogenic formations and other phenomena.  

===Objectives===

* Development of the theoretical and numerical algorithms for combined processing of gravity, seismic and other types of geophysical data for a recovery of the Earth’s density structures and interfaces.
* Development of fast numerical algorithms for combined data inversions.
* Development of stochastic models for combined inversion including optimal weighting, regularization and spectral filtering.  
* Better understanding of uncertainties of interpreted results based on the error analysis of input data and applied numerical models. Geophysical and geodynamic clarification of results and their uncertainties.
* Recommendations for optimal data combinations, better understanding of possibilities and limiting factors associated with individual data types used for geophysical and geodynamic interpretations.

===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web page with emphasis on exchange of ideas and recent progress, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* Work progress meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.
* Possible collaboration between various geoscience study groups dealing with the modeling of the Earth’s interior and related scientific topics. 

===Members===

'' '''Robert Tenzer (China), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Lars Sjöberg (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Mohammad Bagherbandi (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Carla Braitenberg (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Mirko Reguzzoni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Xiaodong Song (USA) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>IC SG8</title>
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    <text bytes="3735" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

In recent years, we are witnessing rapid development in the satellite-based navigation and positioning systems. Next to the modernization of the GPS dual-frequency signals to the triple-frequency signals, the GLONASS satellites have been revitalized and become fully operational. The new global and regional satellite constellations are also joining the family of the navigation systems. These additions are the two global systems of Galileo and BeiDou satellites as well as the two regional systems of QZSS and IRNSS satellites. This namely means that many more satellites will be visible to the GNSS users, transmitting data on many more frequencies than the current GPS dual-frequency setup, thereby expecting considerable improvement in the performance of the positioning and non-positioning GNSS applications.

Such a proliferation of multi-system, multi-frequency data demands rigorous theoretical frameworks, models and algorithms that enable the near-future multiple GNSSs to serve as a high-accuracy and high-integrity tool for the Earth-, atmospheric- and space-sciences. For instance, recent studies have revealed the existence of non-zero inter-system and inter-system-type biases that, if ignored, result in a catastrophic failure of integer ambiguity resolution, thus deteriorating the corresponding ambiguity resolved solutions. The availability of the new multi-system, multi-frequency data does therefore appeal proper mathematical models so as to enable one to correctly integrate such data, thus correctly linking the data to the estimable parameters of interest.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this study group are:
* to identify and investigate challenges that are posed by processing and integrating the data of the next generation navigation and positioning satellite systems,
* to develop new functional and stochastic models linking the multi-GNSS observations to the positioning and non-positioning parameters,
* to derive optimal methods that are capable of handling the data-processing of large-scale networks of mixed-receiver types tracking multi-GNSS satellites,
* to conduct an in-depth analysis of the systematic satellite- and receiver-dependent biases that are present either within one or between multiple satellite systems,
* to develop rigorous quality-control and integrity tools for evaluating the reliability of the multi-GNSS data and guarding the underlying models against any mis-modelled effects,
* to access the compatibility of the real-time multi-GNSS input parameters for positioning and non-positioning products,
* to articulate the theoretical developments and findings through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Program of activities===

While the investigation will be strongly based on the theoretical aspects of the multi-GNSS observation modelling and challenges, they will be also accompanied by numerical studies of both the simulated and real-world data. Given the expertise of each member, the underlying studies will be conducted on both individual and collaborative bases. The outputs of the group study is to provide the geodesy and GNSS communities with well-documented models and algorithmic methods through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Members===

'' '''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Peter J.G. Teunissen (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Pawel Wielgosz (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Bofeng Li (China) &lt;br /&gt; Simon Banville (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Nobuaki Kubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ali Reza Amiri-Simkooei (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Giorgi (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;
Thalia Nikolaidou (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="3735" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

In recent years, we are witnessing rapid development in the satellite-based navigation and positioning systems. Next to the modernization of the GPS dual-frequency signals to the triple-frequency signals, the GLONASS satellites have been revitalized and become fully operational. The new global and regional satellite constellations are also joining the family of the navigation systems. These additions are the two global systems of Galileo and BeiDou satellites as well as the two regional systems of QZSS and IRNSS satellites. This namely means that many more satellites will be visible to the GNSS users, transmitting data on many more frequencies than the current GPS dual-frequency setup, thereby expecting considerable improvement in the performance of the positioning and non-positioning GNSS applications.

Such a proliferation of multi-system, multi-frequency data demands rigorous theoretical frameworks, models and algorithms that enable the near-future multiple GNSSs to serve as a high-accuracy and high-integrity tool for the Earth-, atmospheric- and space-sciences. For instance, recent studies have revealed the existence of non-zero inter-system and inter-system-type biases that, if ignored, result in a catastrophic failure of integer ambiguity resolution, thus deteriorating the corresponding ambiguity resolved solutions. The availability of the new multi-system, multi-frequency data does therefore appeal proper mathematical models so as to enable one to correctly integrate such data, thus correctly linking the data to the estimable parameters of interest.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this study group are:
* to identify and investigate challenges that are posed by processing and integrating the data of the next generation navigation and positioning satellite systems,
* to develop new functional and stochastic models linking the multi-GNSS observations to the positioning and non-positioning parameters,
* to derive optimal methods that are capable of handling the data-processing of large-scale networks of mixed-receiver types tracking multi-GNSS satellites,
* to conduct an in-depth analysis of the systematic satellite- and receiver-dependent biases that are present either within one or between multiple satellite systems,
* to develop rigorous quality-control and integrity tools for evaluating the reliability of the multi-GNSS data and guarding the underlying models against any mis-modelled effects,
* to access the compatibility of the real-time multi-GNSS input parameters for positioning and non-positioning products,
* to articulate the theoretical developments and findings through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Program of activities===

While the investigation will be strongly based on the theoretical aspects of the multi-GNSS observation modelling and challenges, they will be also accompanied by numerical studies of both the simulated and real-world data. Given the expertise of each member, the underlying studies will be conducted on both individual and collaborative bases. The outputs of the group study is to provide the geodesy and GNSS communities with well-documented models and algorithmic methods through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Members===

'' '''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Peter J.G. Teunissen (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Pawel Wielgosz (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Bofeng Li (China) &lt;br /&gt; Simon Banville (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Nobuaki Kubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ali Reza Amiri-Simkooei (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Giorgi (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Thalia Nikolaidou (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>IC SG9</title>
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    <text bytes="6164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

The gravitational fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies in the Solar System are customarily represented by a series of spherical harmonic coefficients. The models made up of these harmonic coefficients are used widely in a large range of applications within geodesy. In addition, spherical harmonics are now used in many other areas of science such as geomagnetism, particle physics, planetary geophysics, biochemistry and computer graphics, but one of the first applications of spherical harmonics was related to the gravitational potential, and geodesists are still at the forefront of research into spherical harmonics. This holds true especially when it comes to the extension of spherical harmonic series to ever higher degree and order (d/o).
The maximum d/o of spherical harmonic series of the Earth’s gravitational potential has risen steadily over the past decades. The highest d/o models currently listed by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) have a maximum d/o of 2190. In recent years, spherical harmonic models of the topography and topographic potential to d/o 10,800 have been computed, and with ever-increasing computational prowess, expansions to even higher d/o are feasible. For comparison, the current highest-resolution global gravity model has a resolution of 7.2” in the space domain, which is roughly equivalent to d/o 90,000 in the frequency domain, while the highest-resolution global Digital Elevation Model has a resolution of 5 m, equivalent to d/o ~4,000,000.

The increasing maximum d/o of harmonic models has posed and continues to pose both theoretical and practical challenges for the geodetic community. For example, the computation of associated Legendre functions of the first kind, which are required for spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis, is traditionally subject to numerical instabilities and underflow/overflow problems. Much progress has been made on this issue by selection of suitable recurrence relations, summation strategies, and use of extended range arithmetic, but further improvements to efficiency may still be achieved. 

There are further separate challenges in ultra-high d/o harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) and synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform). Many methods for the forward harmonic transform exist, typically separated into least-squares and quadrature methods, and further comparison between the two at high d/o, including studying the influence of aliasing, is of interest. The inverse harmonic transform, including synthesis of a large variety of quantities, has received much interest in recent years. In moving towards higher d/o series, highly efficient algorithms for synthesis on irregular surfaces and/or in scattered point locations, are of utmost importance. 

Another question that has occupied geodesists for many decades is whether there is a substantial benefit to the use of oblate ellipsoidal (or spheroidal) harmonics instead of spherical harmonics.  The limitations of the spherical harmonic series for use on or near the Earth’s surface are becoming more and more apparent as the maximum d/o of the harmonic series increase. There are still open questions about the divergence effect and the amplification of the omission error in spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin surface. 

The Hotine-Jekeli transformation between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients has proven very useful, in particular for spherical harmonic analysis of data on a reference ellipsoid. It has recently been improved upon and extended, while alternatives using surface spherical harmonics have also been proposed, but the performance of the transformations at very high d/o may be improved further. Direct use of spheroidal harmonic series requires (ratios of) associated Legendre functions of the second kind, and their stable and efficient computation is also of ongoing interest.

===Objectives===

The objectives of this study group are to:
* Create and compare stable and efficient methods for computation of ultra-high degree and order associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind (or ratios thereof), plus its derivatives and integrals.
* Study the divergence effect of ultra-high degree spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin sphere/spheroid.
* Verify the numerical performance of transformations between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients to ultra-high degree and order.
* Compare least-squares and quadrature approaches to very high-degree and order spherical and spheroidal harmonic analysis.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) for a variety of data types and boundary surfaces.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform) of point values and area means of all potential quantities of interest on regular and irregular surfaces.

===Program of activities===

* Providing a platform for increased cooperation between group members, facilitating and encouraging exchange of ideas and research results.
* Creating and updating a bibliographic list of relevant publications from both the geodetic community as well as other disciplines for the perusal of group members.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presenting research results in the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt) &lt;br /&gt; Oleh Abrykosov (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Toshio Fukushima (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Grombein (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Eliška Hamáčková (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Moritz Rexer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;
Josef Sebera (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Kurt Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="6164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

The gravitational fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies in the Solar System are customarily represented by a series of spherical harmonic coefficients. The models made up of these harmonic coefficients are used widely in a large range of applications within geodesy. In addition, spherical harmonics are now used in many other areas of science such as geomagnetism, particle physics, planetary geophysics, biochemistry and computer graphics, but one of the first applications of spherical harmonics was related to the gravitational potential, and geodesists are still at the forefront of research into spherical harmonics. This holds true especially when it comes to the extension of spherical harmonic series to ever higher degree and order (d/o).
The maximum d/o of spherical harmonic series of the Earth’s gravitational potential has risen steadily over the past decades. The highest d/o models currently listed by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) have a maximum d/o of 2190. In recent years, spherical harmonic models of the topography and topographic potential to d/o 10,800 have been computed, and with ever-increasing computational prowess, expansions to even higher d/o are feasible. For comparison, the current highest-resolution global gravity model has a resolution of 7.2” in the space domain, which is roughly equivalent to d/o 90,000 in the frequency domain, while the highest-resolution global Digital Elevation Model has a resolution of 5 m, equivalent to d/o ~4,000,000.

The increasing maximum d/o of harmonic models has posed and continues to pose both theoretical and practical challenges for the geodetic community. For example, the computation of associated Legendre functions of the first kind, which are required for spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis, is traditionally subject to numerical instabilities and underflow/overflow problems. Much progress has been made on this issue by selection of suitable recurrence relations, summation strategies, and use of extended range arithmetic, but further improvements to efficiency may still be achieved. 

There are further separate challenges in ultra-high d/o harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) and synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform). Many methods for the forward harmonic transform exist, typically separated into least-squares and quadrature methods, and further comparison between the two at high d/o, including studying the influence of aliasing, is of interest. The inverse harmonic transform, including synthesis of a large variety of quantities, has received much interest in recent years. In moving towards higher d/o series, highly efficient algorithms for synthesis on irregular surfaces and/or in scattered point locations, are of utmost importance. 

Another question that has occupied geodesists for many decades is whether there is a substantial benefit to the use of oblate ellipsoidal (or spheroidal) harmonics instead of spherical harmonics.  The limitations of the spherical harmonic series for use on or near the Earth’s surface are becoming more and more apparent as the maximum d/o of the harmonic series increase. There are still open questions about the divergence effect and the amplification of the omission error in spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin surface. 

The Hotine-Jekeli transformation between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients has proven very useful, in particular for spherical harmonic analysis of data on a reference ellipsoid. It has recently been improved upon and extended, while alternatives using surface spherical harmonics have also been proposed, but the performance of the transformations at very high d/o may be improved further. Direct use of spheroidal harmonic series requires (ratios of) associated Legendre functions of the second kind, and their stable and efficient computation is also of ongoing interest.

===Objectives===

The objectives of this study group are to:
* Create and compare stable and efficient methods for computation of ultra-high degree and order associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind (or ratios thereof), plus its derivatives and integrals.
* Study the divergence effect of ultra-high degree spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin sphere/spheroid.
* Verify the numerical performance of transformations between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients to ultra-high degree and order.
* Compare least-squares and quadrature approaches to very high-degree and order spherical and spheroidal harmonic analysis.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) for a variety of data types and boundary surfaces.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform) of point values and area means of all potential quantities of interest on regular and irregular surfaces.

===Program of activities===

* Providing a platform for increased cooperation between group members, facilitating and encouraging exchange of ideas and research results.
* Creating and updating a bibliographic list of relevant publications from both the geodetic community as well as other disciplines for the perusal of group members.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presenting research results in the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt) &lt;br /&gt; Oleh Abrykosov (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Toshio Fukushima (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Grombein (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Eliška Hamáčková (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Moritz Rexer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Josef Sebera (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Kurt Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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** JSG0.10|Joint study group 0.10
** JSG0.11|Joint study group 0.11
** JSG0.12|Joint study group 0.12
** JSG0.13|Joint study group 0.13
** JSG0.14|Joint study group 0.14
** JSG0.15|Joint study group 0.15
** JSG0.16|Joint study group 0.16
** JSG0.17|Joint study group 0.17
** JSG0.18|Joint study group 0.18
** JSG0.19|Joint study group 0.19
** JSG0.20|Joint study group 0.20
** JSG0.21|Joint study group 0.21
** JSG0.22|Joint study group 0.22

* Tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
    <sha1>e3730cacfc821f9024de472b67c514e2ea2e5664</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>Study groups</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>6</id>
  <revision>
    <id>122</id>
    <parentid>97</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:25:19Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="2326" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG11|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG12|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG13|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>2167a355d861c654a4fa1cb2739115d878d527a8</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>129</id>
    <parentid>122</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:26:01Z</timestamp>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="2325" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG11|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG12|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG13|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>0f8772940826df14bc5a16f6c40870de25308b1f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>96</id>
    <parentid>87</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:26:44Z</timestamp>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <text bytes="2322" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>8bb8dde775986762b2bfa475e7e0b08b2388762e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>116</id>
    <parentid>96</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:29:19Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>Undo revision 380 by [[Special:Contributions/Admin|Admin]] ([[User talk:Admin|talk]])</comment>
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    <text bytes="2325" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG11|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG12|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG13|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>0f8772940826df14bc5a16f6c40870de25308b1f</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>79</id>
    <parentid>75</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:29:58Z</timestamp>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <text bytes="2322" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>8bb8dde775986762b2bfa475e7e0b08b2388762e</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>76</id>
    <parentid>75</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:34:28Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="2323" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>b7be19120527a67cc82bdde9ac8d695fded76dc6</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>109</id>
    <parentid>76</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:34:56Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="2322" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>8bb8dde775986762b2bfa475e7e0b08b2388762e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>101</id>
    <parentid>76</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:37:42Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>Undo revision 384 by [[Special:Contributions/Admin|Admin]] ([[User talk:Admin|talk]])</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2323" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[IC_SG1|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>b7be19120527a67cc82bdde9ac8d695fded76dc6</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>100</id>
    <parentid>76</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:47:23Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2324" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG2|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>8946c58f7af5240fb8999f3d0ef8aa098d2d976d</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>110</id>
    <parentid>100</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:54:03Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2325" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG3|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>df27d034c24aa65d0781c0a8bd837a96adda9e27</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>113</id>
    <parentid>110</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:55:11Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2326" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG4|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>4d019a07019496eb27aaff46e0491887f9566464</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>80</id>
    <parentid>76</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:55:56Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2327" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG5|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>15d8c8b51b4620e1771587c82d3f0a8989a6c739</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>105</id>
    <parentid>80</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:57:54Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2328" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG6|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>f109240e1adfe0f309ab37d1f44edd7ead7522cd</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>107</id>
    <parentid>105</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:58:34Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2329" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG7|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>31608b85681800d005234e1c4e65cbaf7300c7e4</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>103</id>
    <parentid>80</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:59:53Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2330" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.16|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG8|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>e8ba3e1cd5cdabc0acf59debf96da017174f48d6</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>102</id>
    <parentid>80</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T08:00:44Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2331" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.16|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.17|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>b8da196ed3f663e647b4a300e7eb445373fa01a4</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>99</id>
    <parentid>80</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T08:01:32Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2332" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.16|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.17|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.18|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG10|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>18971c2dc6821fd3d34ebdcd11f7eafca5ce6a04</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>JSG T.38</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>33</id>
  <revision>
    <id>398</id>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:46:28Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''  __TOC__  ===Introduction===  Global Navigation Sat..."</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6843" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>53be159dfeaefe0ac3f0647589bce25405e7f2c4</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>JSG T.24</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>34</id>
  <revision>
    <id>402</id>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:53:40Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.11: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''  __TOC__  ===Intro..."</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3312" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.11: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The mathematical description and numerical computation of the gravity signal of finite distributions play a central role in gravity field modelling and interpretation. Thereby, the study of the field induced by ideal geometrical bodies, such as the cylinder, the rectangular prism or the generally shaped polyhedron, is of special importance both as fundamental case studies but also in the frame of terrain correction computations over finite geographical regions.

Analytical and numerical tools have been developed for the potential function and its derivatives up to second order for the most familiar ideal bodies, which are widely used in gravity related studies. Also, an abundance of implementations have been proposed for computing these quantities over grids of computational points, elaborating data from digital terrain or crustal databases.

Scope of the Study Group is to investigate the possibilities of applying wavelet and multiscale analysis methods to compute the gravitational effect of known density distributions. Starting from the cases of ideal bodies and moving towards applications involving DTM data, or hidden structures in the Earth's interior, it will be attempted to derive explicit approaches for the individual existing analytical, numerical or combined (hybrid) methodologies. In this process, the mathematical consequences of expressing in the wavelet representation standard tools of potential theory, such as the Gauss or Green theorem, involved for example in the analytical derivations of the polyhedral gravity signal, will be addressed. Finally, a linkage to the coefficients obtained from the numerical approaches but also to the potential coefficients of currently available Earth gravity models will also be envisaged.

===Objectives===

* Bibliographical survey and identification of multiresolutional techniques for expressing the gravity field signal of finite distributions.
* Case studies for different geometrical finite shapes.
* Comparison and assessment against existing analytical, numerical and hybrid solutions.
* Computations over finite regions in the frame of classical terrain correction computations.
* Band limited validation against available Earth gravity models.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Michael (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;  Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt;'' 

====Corresponding members====

''Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>JSG T.25</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>35</id>
  <revision>
    <id>403</id>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:54:48Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Admin</username>
      <id>0</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation: ''Co..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="4762" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Efficient numerical methods and HPC (high performance computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the JSG is to apply numerical methods and/or HPC techniques mostly for gravity field modelling and nonlinear filtering of various geodetic data. The discretization numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM) and boundary element method (BEM) or the meshless methods like the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) or singular boundary method (SOR) can be efficiently used to solve the geodetic boundary value problems and nonlinear diffusion filtering, or to process e.g. the GOCE observations. Their parallel implementations and large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory using the MPI (Message Passing Interface) standards allows to solve such problems in spatial domains while obtaining high-resolution numerical solutions. 

Our JSG is also open for researchers dealing with the classical approaches of gravity field modelling (e.g. the spherical or ellipsoidal harmonics) that are using high performance computing to speed up their processing of enormous amount of input data. This includes large-scale parallel computations on massively parallel architectures as well as heterogeneous parallel computations using graphics processing units (GPUs).

Applications of the aforementioned numerical methods for gravity field modelling involve a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. It naturally leads to the oblique derivative problem that needs to be treated. In case of FEM or FVM, unstructured meshes above the topography will be constructed. The meshless methods like MFS or SBM that are based on the point-masses modelling can be applied for processing the gravity gradients observed by the GOCE satellite mission. To reach precise and high-resolution solutions, an elimination of far zones’ contributions is practically inevitable. This can be performed using the fast multipole method or iterative procedures. In both cases such an elimination process improves conditioning of the system matrix and a numerical stability of the problem. 
The aim of the JSG is also to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that allow adaptive smoothing, which effectively reduces the noise while preserves main structures in data. The proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface where the diffusivity coefficients depend on a combination of the edge detector and a mean curvature of the filtered function. This will avoid undesirable smoothing of local extremes.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of the study group are as follows:
* to develop algorithms for detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface including the possibility of adaptive refinement procedures,
* to create unstructured meshes above the topography for the FVM or FEM approach,
* to develop the FVM, BEM or FEM numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs that will treat the oblique derivative problem,
* to develop numerical models based on MFS or SBM for processing the GOCE observations,
* to develop parallel implementations of algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate and develop methods for nonlinear diffusion filtering of data on the Earth’s surface where the diffusivity coefficients depend on a combination of the edge detector and a mean curvature of the filtered function,
* to derive the semi-implicit numerical schemes for the nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* and to apply the developed nonlinear filtering methods to real geodetic data.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic workshops and conferences. 
* Organization of group working meetings at main international symposia.
* Organization of conference sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair &lt;br /&gt; Karol Mikula (Slovakia), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Jan Martin Brockmann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Walyeldeen Godah (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Kollár (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Zuzana Minarechová (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wolf-Dieter Schuh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>JSG T.26</title>
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  <id>36</id>
  <revision>
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    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:55:40Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair:''Michal Šprlák (..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="4981" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The description of the Earth's gravitational field and its temporal variations belongs to fundamental pillars of modern geodesy. The accurate knowledge of the global gravitational field is important in many applications including precise positioning, metrology, geophysics, geodynamics, oceanography, hydrology, cryospheric and other geosciences. Various observation techniques for collecting gravitational data have been invented based on terrestrial, marine, airborne and more recently, satellite sensors. On the other hand, different parametrization methods of the gravitational field were established in geodesy, however, with many unobservable parameters. For this reason, the geodetic science has traditionally been formulating various gravitational parameter transformations, including those based on solving boundary/initial value problems of potential theory, through Fredholm's integral equations.

Traditionally, Stokes’s, Vening-Meinesz’s and Hotine’s integrals have been of interest in geodesy as they accommodated geodetic applications. In recent history, new geodetic integral transformations were formulated. This effort was mainly initiated by new gravitational observables that became gradually available to geodesists with the advent of precise GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) positioning, satellite altimetry and aerial gravimetry/gradiometry.  The family of integral transformations has enormously been extended with satellite-to-satellite tracking and satellite gradiometric data available from recent gravity-dedicated satellite missions.

Besides numerous efforts in developing integral equations to cover new observables in geodesy, many aspects of integral equations remain challenging. This study group aims for systematic treatment of integral transformation in geodesy, as many formulations have been performed by making use of various approaches. Many solutions are based on spherical approximation that cannot be justified for globally distributed satellite data and with respect to requirements of various data users requiring gravitational data to be distributed the reference ellipsoid or at constant geodetic altitude. On the other hand, the integral equations in spherical approximation possess symmetric properties that allow for studying their spatial and spectral properties; they also motivate for adopting a generalized notation. New numerically efficient, stable and accurate methods for upward/downward continuation, comparison, validation, transformation, combination and/or for interpretation of gravitational data are also of high interest with increasing availability of large amounts of new data.

===Objectives===

* To consider different types of gravitational data, i.e., terrestrial, aerial and satellite, available today and to formulate their mathematical relation to the gravitational potential.
* To study mathematical properties of differential operators in spherical and Jacobi ellipsoidal coordinates, which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* To complete the family of integral equations relating various types of current and foreseen gravitational data and to derive corresponding spherical and ellipsoidal Green’s functions.
* To study accurate and numerically stable methods for upward/downward continuation of gravitational field parameters.
* To investigate optimal combination techniques of heterogeneous gravitational field observables for gravitational field modelling at all scales.
* To investigate conditionality as well as spatial and spectral properties of linear operators based on discretized integral equations.
* To classify integral transformations and to propose suitable generalized notation for a variety of classical and new integral equations in geodesy.

===Program of Activities===

* Presenting research results at major international geodetic and geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Organizing a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2017.
* Cooperating with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring activities of JGS members as well as other scientists related to the scope of JGS activities.
* Providing bibliographic list of relevant publications from different disciplines in the area of JSG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Alireza Ardalan (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (China) &lt;br /&gt; Guyla Tóth (Hungary) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>JSG T.27</title>
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    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:57:32Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation: ''All Commissions and GGOS''  __TOC__  ==..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="5531" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All Commissions and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

Observations provided by space geodetic techniques deliver a global picture of the changing system Earth, in particular temporal changes of the Earth’s gravity field, irregularities in the Earth rotation and variations of station positions due to various geodynamical phenomena. Different techniques are characterized by different accuracy and different sensitivity to geodetic parameters, e.g., GNSS provides most accurate pole coordinates, but cannot provide the absolute information on UT1-UTC, and thus, must be integrated with VLBI or LLR data. GRACE observations provide state-of-the-art and most accurate information on temporal changes of the gravity field, but the temporal changes of the Earth’s oblateness or the geocentre motion can be better determined using SLR data. Therefore, a fusion of various space geodetic observations is an indispensable prerequisite for a reliable description of the varying system Earth. 
 
However, the space geodetic observations are typically not free of artifacts related to deficiencies in various models used in the data reduction process. GNSS satellite orbits are very sensitive to deficiencies in solar radiation pressure modeling affecting, e.g., the accuracy of GNSS-derived Earth rotation parameters and geocentre coordinates. Deficiencies in modeling of antenna phase center offsets, albedo and the antenna thrust limit the reliability of GNSS and DORIS-derived scale of the terrestrial reference frame, despite a good global coverage of GNSS receivers and DORIS beacons. VLBI solutions are affected by an inhomogeneous quality delivered by different stations and antenna deformations. SLR technique is affected by the Blue-Sky effect which is related to the weather dependency of laser observations and the station-dependent satellite signature effect due to multiple reflections from many retroreflectors. Moreover, un-modeled horizontal gradients of the troposphere delay in SLR analyzes also limit the quality of SLR solutions. Finally, GRACE data are very sensitive to aliasing with diurnal and semidiurnal tides, whereas GOCE and Swarm orbits show a worse quality around the geomagnetic equator due to deficiencies in ionosphere delay modeling.

Separation of real geophysical signals and artifacts in geodetic observations yield a very challenging objective. A fusion of different observational techniques of space geodesy may enhance our knowledge on systematic effects, improve the consistency between different observational techniques, and may help us to mitigate artifacts in the geodetic time series.

The mitigation of artifacts using parameters derived by a fusion of different techniques of space geodesy should comprise three steps: 1) identification of an artifact through an analysis of geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques; 2) delivering a way to model an artifact; 3) applying the developed model to standard solutions by the analysis centers. 

Improving the consistency level through mitigating artifacts in space geodetic observations will bring us closer to fulfilling the objectives of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), i.e., the 1-mm accuracy of positions and 0.1-mm/year accuracy of the velocity determination. Without a deep knowledge of systematic effects in satellite geodetic data and without a proper modeling thereof, the accomplishment of the GGOS goals will never be possible. 

===Objectives===

* Developing of data fusion methods based on geodetic data from different sources
* Accuracy assessment and simulations of geodetic observations in order to fulfil GGOS’ goals
* Study time series of geodetic parameters (geometry, gravity and rotation) and other derivative parameters (e.g., troposphere and ionosphere delays) determined using different techniques of space geodesy
* Investigating biases and systematic effects in single techniques
* Combination of satellite geodetic observations at the observation level and software synchronization
* Investigating various methods of technique co-locations: through local ties, global ties, co-location in space
* Identifying artifacts in time series of geodetic parameters using e.g., spatial, temporal, and spectral analyzes
* Elaborating methods aimed at mitigating systematic effects and artifacts
* Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by techniques using different methods and algorithms
* Comparison of different methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages
* Recommendations for analysis working groups and conventions

===Planned Activities===

* Preparing a web page with information concerning integration and consistency of satellite geodetic techniques and their integration with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Toshimichi Otsubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Daniela Thaller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Mathis Blossfeld (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Andrea Maier (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Claudia Flohrer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Agnieszka Wnek (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Sara Bruni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Karina Wilgan (Poland) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>JSG T.28</title>
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  <id>38</id>
  <revision>
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    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:58:17Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br /&gt; Affiliati..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="4418" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

A theoretical framework for the regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling is a conceptual structure to solve a geodetic boundary value problem regionally. It is a physically sound integration of a set of coherent definitions, physical models and constants, geodetic reference systems and mathematical equations. Current frameworks are designed to solve one of the two geodetic boundary value problems: Stokes’s and Molodensky’s. These frameworks were originally established and subsequently refined for many decades to get the best accuracy of the geoid/quasi-geoid model. The regional geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with an accuracy of a few centimeters in a number of regions in the world, and has been adopted to define new vertical datum replacing the spirit-leveling networks in New Zealand and Canada. More and more countries are modernizing their existing height systems with the geoid-based datum. Yet the geoid model still needs further improvement to match the accuracy of the GNSS-based heightening. This requires the theory and its numerical realization, to be of sub-centimeter accuracy, and the availability of adequate data.

Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling often involves the combination of satellite, airborne, terrestrial (shipborne and land) gravity data through the remove-compute-restore Stokes method and the least-squares collocation. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with an accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with terrestrial gravity data, which are still unique in determining the high-degree geoid components. It can be foreseen that gravity data coverage will extend everywhere over lands, in particular, airborne data, in the near future.  Furthermore, the digital elevation models required for the gravity reduction have achieved global coverage with redundancy.  A pressing question to answer is if these data are sufficiently accurate for the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid determination. This study group focuses on refining and establishing if necessary the theoretical frameworks of the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid. 

===Objectives===

The theoretical frameworks of the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid consist of, but are not limited to, the following components to study:
* Physical constant GM
* W0 convention and changes
* Geo-center convention and motion with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)
* Geodetic Reference Systems
* Proper formulation of the geodetic boundary value problem
* Nonlinear solution of the formulated geodetic boundary value problem
* Data type, distribution and quality requirements
* Data interpolation and extrapolation methods
* Gravity reduction including downward or upward continuation from observation points down or up to the geoid, in particular over mountainous regions, polar glaciers and ice caps
* Anomalous topographic mass density effect on the geoid model
* Spectral combination of different types of gravity data
* Transformation between the geoid and quasi-geoid models
* The time-variable geoid/quasi-geoid change modelling
* Estimation of the geoid/quasi-geoid model inaccuracies
* Independent validation of geoid/quasi-geoid models
* Applications of new tools such as the radial basis functions 

===Program of activities===

* The study group achieves its objectives through organizing splinter meetings in coincidence with major IAG conferences and workshops if possible.
* Circulating and sharing progress reports, papers and presentations.
* Presenting and publishing papers in the IAG symposia and scientific journals. 

===Members===
 
'' '''Jianliang Huang (Canada), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;  '''Yan Ming Wang (USA), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Heiner Denker (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; René Forsberg (Denmark) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Urs Marti (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Vaníček (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.29</title>
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  <id>39</id>
  <revision>
    <id>407</id>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T07:59:35Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and 3''  __TO..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="6105" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and 3''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The satellite gravimetry missions, CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP), the GRavity field and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), significantly improved our knowledge on the external gravitational field of the Earth at the long-to-medium wavelengths (approximately up to a spherical harmonic degree of 250). Such improved information in terms of the accuracy and resolution has been utilized in studies of the Earth’s interior for a better understanding of the Earth’s inner structure and processes occurring within the lithosphere and sub-lithospheric mantle. Whereas the long-wavelength spectrum of the Earth’s gravitational field comprises mainly the signature of deep mantle density heterogeneities attributed to mantle convection, the medium wavelengths reflect the density structure of more shallow sources within the lithosphere. This allows studying and interpreting in more detail the gravitational features which are related to the global tectonism (including the oceanic subduction, orogenic formations, earthquakes, global lithospheric plate configuration, etc.), sub-lithospheric stresses, isostatic mechanisms, glacial isostatic adjustment, and other related geodynamic phenomena. Moreover, the Global Gravitational Models (GGMs) have been extensively used in studies of the lithospheric density structure and density interfaces such as for the gravimetric recovery of the Moho depth, lithospheric thickness as well as structure of sedimentary basins. 

Since the gravity observations could not be used alone to interpret the Earth’s inner density structure due to a non-uniqueness of inverse solutions (i.e. infinity many 3-D density structures could be attributed to the Earth’s gravity field), additional information is required to constrain the gravimetric methods for interpreting the Earth’s interior. These constraining data comprise primarily results of seismic surveys as well as additional geophysical, geothermal and geochemical parameters of the Earth. Moreover, numerous recent gravimetric studies of the Earth’s interior focus on the global and regional Moho recovery. The classical isostatic models (according to Airy and Pratt theories) are typically not able to model realistically the actual Moho geometry, due to the fact that the isostatic mass balance depends on loading and effective elastic thickness, rigidity, rheology of the lithosphere and viscosity of the asthenosphere. Moreover, geodynamic processes such as the glacial isostatic adjustment, present-day glacial melting, plate motion and mantle convection contribute to the time-dependent isostatic balance. To overcome these issues, processing strategies of combining gravity and seismic data (and possibly also additional constraining information) have to be applied to determine the actual Moho geometry. 

The gravimetric methods applied in studies of the Earth’s inner density structure comprise - in principle - two categories. The methods for the gravimetric forward modeling are applied to model (and remove) the gravitational signature of known density structures in order to enhance the gravitational contribution of unknown (and sought) density structures and interfaces. The gravimetric inverse methods are then used to interpret these unknown density structures from the refined gravity data. It is obvious that the combination of gravity and seismic data (and other constraining information) is essential especially in solving the gravimetric inverse problems. 

This gives us the platform and opportunities towards improving the theoretical and numerical methods applied in studies of Earth’s interior from multiple data sources, primarily focusing but not restricting only to combining gravimetric and seismic data. It is expected that the gravity data could improve our knowledge of the Earth’s interior over significant proportion of the world where seismic data are sparse or completely absent (such large parts of oceanic areas, Antarctica, Greenland and Africa). The gravity data could also provide additional information on the lithospheric structure and mechanisms, such as global tectonic configuration, geometry of subducted slabs, crustal thickening of orogenic formations and other phenomena.  

===Objectives===

* Development of the theoretical and numerical algorithms for combined processing of gravity, seismic and other types of geophysical data for a recovery of the Earth’s density structures and interfaces.
* Development of fast numerical algorithms for combined data inversions.
* Development of stochastic models for combined inversion including optimal weighting, regularization and spectral filtering.  
* Better understanding of uncertainties of interpreted results based on the error analysis of input data and applied numerical models. Geophysical and geodynamic clarification of results and their uncertainties.
* Recommendations for optimal data combinations, better understanding of possibilities and limiting factors associated with individual data types used for geophysical and geodynamic interpretations.

===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web page with emphasis on exchange of ideas and recent progress, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* Work progress meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.
* Possible collaboration between various geoscience study groups dealing with the modeling of the Earth’s interior and related scientific topics. 

===Members===

'' '''Robert Tenzer (China), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Lars Sjöberg (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Mohammad Bagherbandi (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Carla Braitenberg (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Mirko Reguzzoni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Xiaodong Song (USA) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.30</title>
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    <timestamp>2016-04-29T08:00:28Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 4 and GGOS''  __TOC__  ===Introduction===  In r..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="3735" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

In recent years, we are witnessing rapid development in the satellite-based navigation and positioning systems. Next to the modernization of the GPS dual-frequency signals to the triple-frequency signals, the GLONASS satellites have been revitalized and become fully operational. The new global and regional satellite constellations are also joining the family of the navigation systems. These additions are the two global systems of Galileo and BeiDou satellites as well as the two regional systems of QZSS and IRNSS satellites. This namely means that many more satellites will be visible to the GNSS users, transmitting data on many more frequencies than the current GPS dual-frequency setup, thereby expecting considerable improvement in the performance of the positioning and non-positioning GNSS applications.

Such a proliferation of multi-system, multi-frequency data demands rigorous theoretical frameworks, models and algorithms that enable the near-future multiple GNSSs to serve as a high-accuracy and high-integrity tool for the Earth-, atmospheric- and space-sciences. For instance, recent studies have revealed the existence of non-zero inter-system and inter-system-type biases that, if ignored, result in a catastrophic failure of integer ambiguity resolution, thus deteriorating the corresponding ambiguity resolved solutions. The availability of the new multi-system, multi-frequency data does therefore appeal proper mathematical models so as to enable one to correctly integrate such data, thus correctly linking the data to the estimable parameters of interest.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this study group are:
* to identify and investigate challenges that are posed by processing and integrating the data of the next generation navigation and positioning satellite systems,
* to develop new functional and stochastic models linking the multi-GNSS observations to the positioning and non-positioning parameters,
* to derive optimal methods that are capable of handling the data-processing of large-scale networks of mixed-receiver types tracking multi-GNSS satellites,
* to conduct an in-depth analysis of the systematic satellite- and receiver-dependent biases that are present either within one or between multiple satellite systems,
* to develop rigorous quality-control and integrity tools for evaluating the reliability of the multi-GNSS data and guarding the underlying models against any mis-modelled effects,
* to access the compatibility of the real-time multi-GNSS input parameters for positioning and non-positioning products,
* to articulate the theoretical developments and findings through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Program of activities===

While the investigation will be strongly based on the theoretical aspects of the multi-GNSS observation modelling and challenges, they will be also accompanied by numerical studies of both the simulated and real-world data. Given the expertise of each member, the underlying studies will be conducted on both individual and collaborative bases. The outputs of the group study is to provide the geodesy and GNSS communities with well-documented models and algorithmic methods through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Members===

'' '''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Peter J.G. Teunissen (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Pawel Wielgosz (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Bofeng Li (China) &lt;br /&gt; Simon Banville (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Nobuaki Kubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ali Reza Amiri-Simkooei (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Giorgi (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Thalia Nikolaidou (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.31</title>
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  <id>41</id>
  <revision>
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    <timestamp>2016-04-29T08:01:13Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''  __T..."</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

The gravitational fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies in the Solar System are customarily represented by a series of spherical harmonic coefficients. The models made up of these harmonic coefficients are used widely in a large range of applications within geodesy. In addition, spherical harmonics are now used in many other areas of science such as geomagnetism, particle physics, planetary geophysics, biochemistry and computer graphics, but one of the first applications of spherical harmonics was related to the gravitational potential, and geodesists are still at the forefront of research into spherical harmonics. This holds true especially when it comes to the extension of spherical harmonic series to ever higher degree and order (d/o).
The maximum d/o of spherical harmonic series of the Earth’s gravitational potential has risen steadily over the past decades. The highest d/o models currently listed by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) have a maximum d/o of 2190. In recent years, spherical harmonic models of the topography and topographic potential to d/o 10,800 have been computed, and with ever-increasing computational prowess, expansions to even higher d/o are feasible. For comparison, the current highest-resolution global gravity model has a resolution of 7.2” in the space domain, which is roughly equivalent to d/o 90,000 in the frequency domain, while the highest-resolution global Digital Elevation Model has a resolution of 5 m, equivalent to d/o ~4,000,000.

The increasing maximum d/o of harmonic models has posed and continues to pose both theoretical and practical challenges for the geodetic community. For example, the computation of associated Legendre functions of the first kind, which are required for spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis, is traditionally subject to numerical instabilities and underflow/overflow problems. Much progress has been made on this issue by selection of suitable recurrence relations, summation strategies, and use of extended range arithmetic, but further improvements to efficiency may still be achieved. 

There are further separate challenges in ultra-high d/o harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) and synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform). Many methods for the forward harmonic transform exist, typically separated into least-squares and quadrature methods, and further comparison between the two at high d/o, including studying the influence of aliasing, is of interest. The inverse harmonic transform, including synthesis of a large variety of quantities, has received much interest in recent years. In moving towards higher d/o series, highly efficient algorithms for synthesis on irregular surfaces and/or in scattered point locations, are of utmost importance. 

Another question that has occupied geodesists for many decades is whether there is a substantial benefit to the use of oblate ellipsoidal (or spheroidal) harmonics instead of spherical harmonics.  The limitations of the spherical harmonic series for use on or near the Earth’s surface are becoming more and more apparent as the maximum d/o of the harmonic series increase. There are still open questions about the divergence effect and the amplification of the omission error in spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin surface. 

The Hotine-Jekeli transformation between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients has proven very useful, in particular for spherical harmonic analysis of data on a reference ellipsoid. It has recently been improved upon and extended, while alternatives using surface spherical harmonics have also been proposed, but the performance of the transformations at very high d/o may be improved further. Direct use of spheroidal harmonic series requires (ratios of) associated Legendre functions of the second kind, and their stable and efficient computation is also of ongoing interest.

===Objectives===

The objectives of this study group are to:
* Create and compare stable and efficient methods for computation of ultra-high degree and order associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind (or ratios thereof), plus its derivatives and integrals.
* Study the divergence effect of ultra-high degree spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin sphere/spheroid.
* Verify the numerical performance of transformations between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients to ultra-high degree and order.
* Compare least-squares and quadrature approaches to very high-degree and order spherical and spheroidal harmonic analysis.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) for a variety of data types and boundary surfaces.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform) of point values and area means of all potential quantities of interest on regular and irregular surfaces.

===Program of activities===

* Providing a platform for increased cooperation between group members, facilitating and encouraging exchange of ideas and research results.
* Creating and updating a bibliographic list of relevant publications from both the geodetic community as well as other disciplines for the perusal of group members.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presenting research results in the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt) &lt;br /&gt; Oleh Abrykosov (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Toshio Fukushima (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Grombein (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Eliška Hamáčková (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Moritz Rexer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Josef Sebera (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Kurt Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="2016-04-24 10:15:00+00|206">
  <title>JSG T.32</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>42</id>
  <revision>
    <id>411</id>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T08:03:00Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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      <id>0</id>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.19: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''  __T..."</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="6164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.19: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

The gravitational fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies in the Solar System are customarily represented by a series of spherical harmonic coefficients. The models made up of these harmonic coefficients are used widely in a large range of applications within geodesy. In addition, spherical harmonics are now used in many other areas of science such as geomagnetism, particle physics, planetary geophysics, biochemistry and computer graphics, but one of the first applications of spherical harmonics was related to the gravitational potential, and geodesists are still at the forefront of research into spherical harmonics. This holds true especially when it comes to the extension of spherical harmonic series to ever higher degree and order (d/o).
The maximum d/o of spherical harmonic series of the Earth’s gravitational potential has risen steadily over the past decades. The highest d/o models currently listed by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) have a maximum d/o of 2190. In recent years, spherical harmonic models of the topography and topographic potential to d/o 10,800 have been computed, and with ever-increasing computational prowess, expansions to even higher d/o are feasible. For comparison, the current highest-resolution global gravity model has a resolution of 7.2” in the space domain, which is roughly equivalent to d/o 90,000 in the frequency domain, while the highest-resolution global Digital Elevation Model has a resolution of 5 m, equivalent to d/o ~4,000,000.

The increasing maximum d/o of harmonic models has posed and continues to pose both theoretical and practical challenges for the geodetic community. For example, the computation of associated Legendre functions of the first kind, which are required for spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis, is traditionally subject to numerical instabilities and underflow/overflow problems. Much progress has been made on this issue by selection of suitable recurrence relations, summation strategies, and use of extended range arithmetic, but further improvements to efficiency may still be achieved. 

There are further separate challenges in ultra-high d/o harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) and synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform). Many methods for the forward harmonic transform exist, typically separated into least-squares and quadrature methods, and further comparison between the two at high d/o, including studying the influence of aliasing, is of interest. The inverse harmonic transform, including synthesis of a large variety of quantities, has received much interest in recent years. In moving towards higher d/o series, highly efficient algorithms for synthesis on irregular surfaces and/or in scattered point locations, are of utmost importance. 

Another question that has occupied geodesists for many decades is whether there is a substantial benefit to the use of oblate ellipsoidal (or spheroidal) harmonics instead of spherical harmonics.  The limitations of the spherical harmonic series for use on or near the Earth’s surface are becoming more and more apparent as the maximum d/o of the harmonic series increase. There are still open questions about the divergence effect and the amplification of the omission error in spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin surface. 

The Hotine-Jekeli transformation between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients has proven very useful, in particular for spherical harmonic analysis of data on a reference ellipsoid. It has recently been improved upon and extended, while alternatives using surface spherical harmonics have also been proposed, but the performance of the transformations at very high d/o may be improved further. Direct use of spheroidal harmonic series requires (ratios of) associated Legendre functions of the second kind, and their stable and efficient computation is also of ongoing interest.

===Objectives===

The objectives of this study group are to:
* Create and compare stable and efficient methods for computation of ultra-high degree and order associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind (or ratios thereof), plus its derivatives and integrals.
* Study the divergence effect of ultra-high degree spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin sphere/spheroid.
* Verify the numerical performance of transformations between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients to ultra-high degree and order.
* Compare least-squares and quadrature approaches to very high-degree and order spherical and spheroidal harmonic analysis.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) for a variety of data types and boundary surfaces.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform) of point values and area means of all potential quantities of interest on regular and irregular surfaces.

===Program of activities===

* Providing a platform for increased cooperation between group members, facilitating and encouraging exchange of ideas and research results.
* Creating and updating a bibliographic list of relevant publications from both the geodetic community as well as other disciplines for the perusal of group members.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presenting research results in the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt) &lt;br /&gt; Oleh Abrykosov (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Toshio Fukushima (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Grombein (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Eliška Hamáčková (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Moritz Rexer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Josef Sebera (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Kurt Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="2016-04-29 08:03:17+00|413">
  <title>JSG T.33</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>43</id>
  <revision>
    <id>413</id>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T08:03:17Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.20: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''  __T..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="6164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.20: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

The gravitational fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies in the Solar System are customarily represented by a series of spherical harmonic coefficients. The models made up of these harmonic coefficients are used widely in a large range of applications within geodesy. In addition, spherical harmonics are now used in many other areas of science such as geomagnetism, particle physics, planetary geophysics, biochemistry and computer graphics, but one of the first applications of spherical harmonics was related to the gravitational potential, and geodesists are still at the forefront of research into spherical harmonics. This holds true especially when it comes to the extension of spherical harmonic series to ever higher degree and order (d/o).
The maximum d/o of spherical harmonic series of the Earth’s gravitational potential has risen steadily over the past decades. The highest d/o models currently listed by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) have a maximum d/o of 2190. In recent years, spherical harmonic models of the topography and topographic potential to d/o 10,800 have been computed, and with ever-increasing computational prowess, expansions to even higher d/o are feasible. For comparison, the current highest-resolution global gravity model has a resolution of 7.2” in the space domain, which is roughly equivalent to d/o 90,000 in the frequency domain, while the highest-resolution global Digital Elevation Model has a resolution of 5 m, equivalent to d/o ~4,000,000.

The increasing maximum d/o of harmonic models has posed and continues to pose both theoretical and practical challenges for the geodetic community. For example, the computation of associated Legendre functions of the first kind, which are required for spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis, is traditionally subject to numerical instabilities and underflow/overflow problems. Much progress has been made on this issue by selection of suitable recurrence relations, summation strategies, and use of extended range arithmetic, but further improvements to efficiency may still be achieved. 

There are further separate challenges in ultra-high d/o harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) and synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform). Many methods for the forward harmonic transform exist, typically separated into least-squares and quadrature methods, and further comparison between the two at high d/o, including studying the influence of aliasing, is of interest. The inverse harmonic transform, including synthesis of a large variety of quantities, has received much interest in recent years. In moving towards higher d/o series, highly efficient algorithms for synthesis on irregular surfaces and/or in scattered point locations, are of utmost importance. 

Another question that has occupied geodesists for many decades is whether there is a substantial benefit to the use of oblate ellipsoidal (or spheroidal) harmonics instead of spherical harmonics.  The limitations of the spherical harmonic series for use on or near the Earth’s surface are becoming more and more apparent as the maximum d/o of the harmonic series increase. There are still open questions about the divergence effect and the amplification of the omission error in spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin surface. 

The Hotine-Jekeli transformation between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients has proven very useful, in particular for spherical harmonic analysis of data on a reference ellipsoid. It has recently been improved upon and extended, while alternatives using surface spherical harmonics have also been proposed, but the performance of the transformations at very high d/o may be improved further. Direct use of spheroidal harmonic series requires (ratios of) associated Legendre functions of the second kind, and their stable and efficient computation is also of ongoing interest.

===Objectives===

The objectives of this study group are to:
* Create and compare stable and efficient methods for computation of ultra-high degree and order associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind (or ratios thereof), plus its derivatives and integrals.
* Study the divergence effect of ultra-high degree spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin sphere/spheroid.
* Verify the numerical performance of transformations between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients to ultra-high degree and order.
* Compare least-squares and quadrature approaches to very high-degree and order spherical and spheroidal harmonic analysis.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) for a variety of data types and boundary surfaces.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform) of point values and area means of all potential quantities of interest on regular and irregular surfaces.

===Program of activities===

* Providing a platform for increased cooperation between group members, facilitating and encouraging exchange of ideas and research results.
* Creating and updating a bibliographic list of relevant publications from both the geodetic community as well as other disciplines for the perusal of group members.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presenting research results in the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt) &lt;br /&gt; Oleh Abrykosov (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Toshio Fukushima (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Grombein (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Eliška Hamáčková (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Moritz Rexer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Josef Sebera (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Kurt Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <revision>
    <id>414</id>
    <parentid>413</parentid>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T08:15:30Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="3545" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: '': Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

It is well known that space geodetic methods are under influence of ionospheric refraction, and therefore from the very beginning of these techniques geodesy deals with the ionosphere. In this context sophisticated methods and models have been developed in order to determine, to represent and to predict the ionosphere. Apart from this the ionosphere fits into another issue called „space weather“, which describes the interactions between the constituents of space and earth. To be more precise space weather means the conditions in space with a significant impact on space-based and ground-based technology as well as on earth and its inhabitants.  Solar radiation, that is electromagnetic emission as well as particle emission, is the main cause or “drive” of space weather.

Originally, geodesy, or to be more precise, space geodetic methods have considered the ionosphere as a disturbing factor that affects signal propagation and that has to be corrected. This (geodetic) perspective has been changed over time and the ionosphere has become a target value so that geodetic observations are used to determine the ionosphere. Different groups have developed models of high quality, e.g. 3D-models which describe the ionosphere as a function of longitude, latitude and time or even 4D-models accounting for the height as well. However, since the ionosphere is a manifestation of space weather, geodesy should contribute to space weather research, and in this respect completely new scientific questions arise, in particular with respect to the so called “geo-effect”, which is the impact of space weather in general.

There are two principal goals of the proposed study group. First, to connect the “geodetic” ionosphere research with solar-terrestrial physics, in order to consider the complete cause-effect-chain. Second, the above mentioned “geo-effect” has to be investigated in detail, which is an important aspect, because modern society depends to a great extent on technology, i.e. technology that can be disturbed, that can be harmed or that even can be destroyed by extreme space weather events

===Objectives===

* improvements and enlargements of ionosphere models (including scintillations)
* geodetic contributions to investigate the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on satellite motion
* geodetic contributions to investigate the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on communication 
* investigations of the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on remote sensing products 
* investigations of the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on terrestrial technical infrastructure (metallic networks, power grids)
* “geodetic observations” of currents (ring current, electrojets)

===Program of activities===

* the maintaining of a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results
* organization of a workshop w.r.t. space weather and geo-effects
* publication of important findings

===Membership===

'' '''Klaus Börger (Germany), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Mahmut Onur Karsioglu (Turkey), vice-chair &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jürgen Matzka (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Barbara Görres (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; George Zhizhao Liu (Hong Kong, China) &lt;br /&gt; Ehsan Forootan (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Hinrichs (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2016-04-29 08:03:17+00|413">
  <title>JSG T.34</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>44</id>
  <revision>
    <id>417</id>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T08:03:32Z</timestamp>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.21: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''  __T..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="6164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.21: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

The gravitational fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies in the Solar System are customarily represented by a series of spherical harmonic coefficients. The models made up of these harmonic coefficients are used widely in a large range of applications within geodesy. In addition, spherical harmonics are now used in many other areas of science such as geomagnetism, particle physics, planetary geophysics, biochemistry and computer graphics, but one of the first applications of spherical harmonics was related to the gravitational potential, and geodesists are still at the forefront of research into spherical harmonics. This holds true especially when it comes to the extension of spherical harmonic series to ever higher degree and order (d/o).
The maximum d/o of spherical harmonic series of the Earth’s gravitational potential has risen steadily over the past decades. The highest d/o models currently listed by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) have a maximum d/o of 2190. In recent years, spherical harmonic models of the topography and topographic potential to d/o 10,800 have been computed, and with ever-increasing computational prowess, expansions to even higher d/o are feasible. For comparison, the current highest-resolution global gravity model has a resolution of 7.2” in the space domain, which is roughly equivalent to d/o 90,000 in the frequency domain, while the highest-resolution global Digital Elevation Model has a resolution of 5 m, equivalent to d/o ~4,000,000.

The increasing maximum d/o of harmonic models has posed and continues to pose both theoretical and practical challenges for the geodetic community. For example, the computation of associated Legendre functions of the first kind, which are required for spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis, is traditionally subject to numerical instabilities and underflow/overflow problems. Much progress has been made on this issue by selection of suitable recurrence relations, summation strategies, and use of extended range arithmetic, but further improvements to efficiency may still be achieved. 

There are further separate challenges in ultra-high d/o harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) and synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform). Many methods for the forward harmonic transform exist, typically separated into least-squares and quadrature methods, and further comparison between the two at high d/o, including studying the influence of aliasing, is of interest. The inverse harmonic transform, including synthesis of a large variety of quantities, has received much interest in recent years. In moving towards higher d/o series, highly efficient algorithms for synthesis on irregular surfaces and/or in scattered point locations, are of utmost importance. 

Another question that has occupied geodesists for many decades is whether there is a substantial benefit to the use of oblate ellipsoidal (or spheroidal) harmonics instead of spherical harmonics.  The limitations of the spherical harmonic series for use on or near the Earth’s surface are becoming more and more apparent as the maximum d/o of the harmonic series increase. There are still open questions about the divergence effect and the amplification of the omission error in spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin surface. 

The Hotine-Jekeli transformation between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients has proven very useful, in particular for spherical harmonic analysis of data on a reference ellipsoid. It has recently been improved upon and extended, while alternatives using surface spherical harmonics have also been proposed, but the performance of the transformations at very high d/o may be improved further. Direct use of spheroidal harmonic series requires (ratios of) associated Legendre functions of the second kind, and their stable and efficient computation is also of ongoing interest.

===Objectives===

The objectives of this study group are to:
* Create and compare stable and efficient methods for computation of ultra-high degree and order associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind (or ratios thereof), plus its derivatives and integrals.
* Study the divergence effect of ultra-high degree spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin sphere/spheroid.
* Verify the numerical performance of transformations between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients to ultra-high degree and order.
* Compare least-squares and quadrature approaches to very high-degree and order spherical and spheroidal harmonic analysis.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) for a variety of data types and boundary surfaces.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform) of point values and area means of all potential quantities of interest on regular and irregular surfaces.

===Program of activities===

* Providing a platform for increased cooperation between group members, facilitating and encouraging exchange of ideas and research results.
* Creating and updating a bibliographic list of relevant publications from both the geodetic community as well as other disciplines for the perusal of group members.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presenting research results in the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt) &lt;br /&gt; Oleh Abrykosov (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Toshio Fukushima (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Grombein (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Eliška Hamáčková (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Moritz Rexer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Josef Sebera (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Kurt Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>fde1bf157294d0ad0f748c096d4283cdb924b75f</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>415</id>
    <timestamp>2016-04-29T08:20:35Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="2888" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and 3''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

In recent years, observational accuracy of ground-, satellite- and space-geodetic techniques has significantly improved which enables us to monitor temporal variations in surface deformations and gravity over various space and time scales. These variations are related to a wide range of surface and internal Earth’s processes, including the deformational response to glacial loading, solid earth and ocean tides, atmospheric and non-tidal ocean loadings, hydrological phenomena, earthquake and volcano activity, tsunamis from seismic to GIA-process frequencies. The interpretation of such high-accuracy observational data, more advanced theories are required in order to describe the individual processes and to quantify the individual signals in the geodetic data. To facilitate this, interactions between geophysical modelling and data modelling is mandatory.  

===Objectives===

* Development of 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D elastic/anelastic Earth models for simulating the individual processes causing variations in deformation and gravity.
* Development of phenomenological or dynamic theories to treat deformation and gravity variations which cannot be described by the above earth models (e.g., hydrology, cryosphere, poroelasticity) and consideration of such effects in the above earth models.
* Theoretical study to reveal the mechanisms of the individual processes.
* Comparative study of theoretical methods using the existing codes. 
* Forward and inverse modelling of deformation and gravity variations using observational data.
* Development of observational data analysis methods to extract the individual geophysical signals.

===Program of activities===

* To launch an e-mail list to share information concerning research results and to interchange ideas for solving related problems.
* To open a web page to share publication lists and its update.
* To hold an international workshop focusing on the above research theme.
* To have sessions at international meetings (EGU, AGU, IAG, etc.) as needed.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Zdeněk Martinec (Ireland) &lt;br /&gt; Erik Ivins (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Klemann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Bouman (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jose Fernandez (Spain) &lt;br /&gt; Luce Fleitout (France) &lt;br /&gt; Pablo Jose Gonzales (UK) &lt;br /&gt; David Al-Attar (UK) &lt;br /&gt; Giorgio Spada (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Cambiotti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Vajda (Slovak Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wouter van der Wal (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Riva (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Taco Broerse (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Guangyu Fu (China) &lt;br /&gt; Benjamin Fong Chao (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Jun'ichi Okuno (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Masao Nakada (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>202db4d6ea736a61adf8ef1653cfb78e8594450b</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>416</id>
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    <text bytes="2886" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and 3''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

In recent years, observational accuracy of ground-, satellite- and space-geodetic techniques has significantly improved which enables us to monitor temporal variations in surface deformations and gravity over various space and time scales. These variations are related to a wide range of surface and internal Earth’s processes, including the deformational response to glacial loading, solid earth and ocean tides, atmospheric and non-tidal ocean loadings, hydrological phenomena, earthquake and volcano activity, tsunamis from seismic to GIA-process frequencies. The interpretation of such high-accuracy observational data, more advanced theories are required in order to describe the individual processes and to quantify the individual signals in the geodetic data. To facilitate this, interactions between geophysical modelling and data modelling is mandatory.  

===Objectives===

* Development of 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D elastic/anelastic Earth models for simulating the individual processes causing variations in deformation and gravity.
* Development of phenomenological or dynamic theories to treat deformation and gravity variations which cannot be described by the above earth models (e.g., hydrology, cryosphere, poroelasticity) and consideration of such effects in the above earth models.
* Theoretical study to reveal the mechanisms of the individual processes.
* Comparative study of theoretical methods using the existing codes. 
* Forward and inverse modelling of deformation and gravity variations using observational data.
* Development of observational data analysis methods to extract the individual geophysical signals.

===Program of activities===

* To launch an e-mail list to share information concerning research results and to interchange ideas for solving related problems.
* To open a web page to share publication lists and its update.
* To hold an international workshop focusing on the above research theme.
* To have sessions at international meetings (EGU, AGU, IAG, etc.) as needed.

===Membership===

'' '''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Zdeněk Martinec (Ireland) &lt;br /&gt; Erik Ivins (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Klemann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Bouman (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jose Fernandez (Spain) &lt;br /&gt; Luce Fleitout (France) &lt;br /&gt; Pablo Jose Gonzales (UK) &lt;br /&gt; David Al-Attar (UK) &lt;br /&gt; Giorgio Spada (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Cambiotti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Vajda (Slovak Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wouter van der Wal (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Riva (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Taco Broerse (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Guangyu Fu (China) &lt;br /&gt; Benjamin Fong Chao (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Jun'ichi Okuno (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Masao Nakada (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.35</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.22: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''  __T..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="6164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.22: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

The gravitational fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies in the Solar System are customarily represented by a series of spherical harmonic coefficients. The models made up of these harmonic coefficients are used widely in a large range of applications within geodesy. In addition, spherical harmonics are now used in many other areas of science such as geomagnetism, particle physics, planetary geophysics, biochemistry and computer graphics, but one of the first applications of spherical harmonics was related to the gravitational potential, and geodesists are still at the forefront of research into spherical harmonics. This holds true especially when it comes to the extension of spherical harmonic series to ever higher degree and order (d/o).
The maximum d/o of spherical harmonic series of the Earth’s gravitational potential has risen steadily over the past decades. The highest d/o models currently listed by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) have a maximum d/o of 2190. In recent years, spherical harmonic models of the topography and topographic potential to d/o 10,800 have been computed, and with ever-increasing computational prowess, expansions to even higher d/o are feasible. For comparison, the current highest-resolution global gravity model has a resolution of 7.2” in the space domain, which is roughly equivalent to d/o 90,000 in the frequency domain, while the highest-resolution global Digital Elevation Model has a resolution of 5 m, equivalent to d/o ~4,000,000.

The increasing maximum d/o of harmonic models has posed and continues to pose both theoretical and practical challenges for the geodetic community. For example, the computation of associated Legendre functions of the first kind, which are required for spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis, is traditionally subject to numerical instabilities and underflow/overflow problems. Much progress has been made on this issue by selection of suitable recurrence relations, summation strategies, and use of extended range arithmetic, but further improvements to efficiency may still be achieved. 

There are further separate challenges in ultra-high d/o harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) and synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform). Many methods for the forward harmonic transform exist, typically separated into least-squares and quadrature methods, and further comparison between the two at high d/o, including studying the influence of aliasing, is of interest. The inverse harmonic transform, including synthesis of a large variety of quantities, has received much interest in recent years. In moving towards higher d/o series, highly efficient algorithms for synthesis on irregular surfaces and/or in scattered point locations, are of utmost importance. 

Another question that has occupied geodesists for many decades is whether there is a substantial benefit to the use of oblate ellipsoidal (or spheroidal) harmonics instead of spherical harmonics.  The limitations of the spherical harmonic series for use on or near the Earth’s surface are becoming more and more apparent as the maximum d/o of the harmonic series increase. There are still open questions about the divergence effect and the amplification of the omission error in spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin surface. 

The Hotine-Jekeli transformation between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients has proven very useful, in particular for spherical harmonic analysis of data on a reference ellipsoid. It has recently been improved upon and extended, while alternatives using surface spherical harmonics have also been proposed, but the performance of the transformations at very high d/o may be improved further. Direct use of spheroidal harmonic series requires (ratios of) associated Legendre functions of the second kind, and their stable and efficient computation is also of ongoing interest.

===Objectives===

The objectives of this study group are to:
* Create and compare stable and efficient methods for computation of ultra-high degree and order associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind (or ratios thereof), plus its derivatives and integrals.
* Study the divergence effect of ultra-high degree spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin sphere/spheroid.
* Verify the numerical performance of transformations between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients to ultra-high degree and order.
* Compare least-squares and quadrature approaches to very high-degree and order spherical and spheroidal harmonic analysis.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) for a variety of data types and boundary surfaces.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform) of point values and area means of all potential quantities of interest on regular and irregular surfaces.

===Program of activities===

* Providing a platform for increased cooperation between group members, facilitating and encouraging exchange of ideas and research results.
* Creating and updating a bibliographic list of relevant publications from both the geodetic community as well as other disciplines for the perusal of group members.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presenting research results in the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt) &lt;br /&gt; Oleh Abrykosov (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Toshio Fukushima (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Grombein (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Eliška Hamáčková (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Moritz Rexer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Josef Sebera (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Kurt Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="5056" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

A Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) is required for measuring the Earth orientation in space, for positioning objects at the Earth’s surface as well as satellites in orbit around the Earth, and for the analysis of geophysical processes and their spatiotemporal variations. TRFs are currently constructed by sets of tri-dimensional coordinates of ground stations, which implicitly realize the three orthogonal axes of the corresponding frame. To account for Earth’s deformations, these coordinates have been commonly modelled as piece-wise linear functions of time which are estimated from space geodetic data under various processing strategies, resulting to the usual type of geodetic frame solutions in terms of station coordinates (at some reference epoch) and constant velocities. Most recently, post-seismic deformation has been added as well in geodetic frame solutions. The requirements of the Earth science community for the accuracy level of such secular TRFs for present-day applications are in the order of 1 mm and 0.1 mm/year, which is not generally achievable at the present time. Improvements in data analysis models, coordinate variation models, optimal estimation procedures and datum definition choices (e.g. NNR conditions) should still be investigated in order to enhance the present positioning accuracy under the “linear” TRF framework. 

Moreover, the consideration of seasonal changes in the station positions due to the effect of geophysical loading signals and other complex tectonic motions has created an additional interest towards the development of “non-linear” TRFs aiming to provide highly accurate coordinates of the quasi-instantaneous positions in a global network. This approach overcomes the limitation of global secular frames which model the average positions over a long time span, yet it creates significant new challenges and open problems that need to be resolved to meet the aforementioned accuracy requirements.

The above considerations provide the motivation for this JSG whose work will be focused to studying and improving the current approaches for the definition and realization of global TRFs from space geodetic data, in support of Earth mapping and monitoring applications. The principal aim is to identify the major issues causing the current internal/external accuracy limitations in global TRF solutions, and to investigate possible ways to overcome them either in the linear or the non-linear modeling framework.

===Objectives===

* To review and compare from the theoretical point of view the current approaches for the definition and realization of global TRFs, including data reduction strategies and frame estimation methodologies.
* To evaluate the distortion caused by hidden datum information within the unconstrained normal equations (NEQs) to combination solutions by the “minimum constraints” approach, and to develop efficient tools enforcing the appropriate rank deficiency in input NEQs when computing TRF solutions.
* To study the role of the 7/14-parameter Helmert transformation model in handling non-linear (non-secular) global frames, as well as to investigate the frame transformation problem in the presence of modeled seasonal variations in the respective coordinates.
* To study theoretical and numerical aspects of the stacking problem, both at the NEQ level and at the coordinate time-series level, with unknown non-linear seasonal terms when estimating a global frame from space geodetic data.
* To compare the aforementioned methodology with other alternative approaches in non-linear frame modeling, such as the computation of high-rate time series of global TRFs.
* To investigate the modeling choices for the datum definition in global TRFs with particular emphasis on the frame orientation and the different types of no-net-rotation (NNR) conditions.

===Program of activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings, promotion of related sessions at international scientific symposia and publication of important findings related to the JSG objectives.
* Proposal for a state-of-art review paper in global frame theory, realization methodologies and open problems, co-authored by the JSG members.
* Organize a related session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Launching a web page with emphasis on exchange of research ideas, recent results, updated bibliographic list of references and relevant publications from other disciplines.

===Membership===

'' '''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Zuheir Altamimi (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Bevis (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mathis Bloßfeld (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; David Coulot (France) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Gross (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Tom Herring (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schindelegger (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.32</title>
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    <timestamp>2016-04-29T08:10:26Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="6133" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

Observations of the space geodesy techniques and on the Earth's surface deliver a global picture of the Earth dynamics represented in the form of time series which describe 1) changes of the Earth surface geometry, 2) the fluctuations in the Earth orientation, and 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field. The Earth's surface geometry, rotation and gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) which integrates them into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, temporal variations of these three components represent the total, integral effect of all global mass exchange between all elements of the Earth’s system including the Earth's interior and fluid layers:  atmosphere, ocean and land hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods have been applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relations between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is recommended to apply wavelet based spectra-temporal analysis methods to analyze these geodetic time series as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes in different frequency bands using time-frequency semblance and coherence methods. These spectra-temporal analysis methods and time-frequency semblance and coherence may be further developed to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other source data sources.

Geodetic time series include for example horizontal and vertical deformations of site positions determined from observations of space geodetic techniques. These site positions change due to e.g. plate tectonics, postglacial rebound, atmospheric, hydrology and ocean loading and earthquakes. However they are used to build the global international terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) which must be stable reference for all other geodetic observations including e.g. satellite orbit parameters and Earth's orientation parameters which consist of precession, nutation, polar motion and UT1-UTC that are necessary for transformation between the terrestrial and celestial reference frames. Geodetic time series include also temporal variations of Earth's gravity field where 1 arc-deg spherical harmonics correspond to the Earth’s centre of mass variations (long term mean of them determines the ITRF origin) and 2 degree spherical harmonics correspond to Earth rotation changes. Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the Earth's surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level, ice covers, ionospheric total electron content and tropospheric delay as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with include the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in these data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful. Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

* Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction.
* Study of Earth's geometry, rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.
* Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.
* Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* Development and comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages.
* Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

* Launching of a website about time series analysis in geodesy providing list of papers from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis.
* Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Boehm (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Dawei Zheng (China) &lt;br /&gt; Yonghong Zhou (China) &lt;br /&gt; Mahmut O. Karslioglu (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Orhan Akyilmaz (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Laura Fernandez (Argentina) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Gross (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Olivier de Viron (France) &lt;br /&gt; Sergei Petrov (Russia) &lt;br /&gt; Michel Van Camp (Belgium) &lt;br /&gt; Hans Neuner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Xavier Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>Study groups</title>
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    <text bytes="2332" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.16|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.17|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.18|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.19|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <text bytes="2334" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.16|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.17|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.18|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.19|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.20|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.21|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[IC_SG9|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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[[JSG0.10|'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.16|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.17|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.18|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.19|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.20|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.21|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.22|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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This is the Bibliography of JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS

Bock, Y., Melgar, D., and Crowell, B. W.
Real-Time Strong-Motion Broadband Displacements from Collocated GPS and Accelerometers, 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 2904–2925, December 2011, doi: 10.1785/0120110007.

Colosimo, G., Crespi, M., and Mazzoni, A. 
Real-time GPS seismology with a stand-alone receiver: a preliminary feasibility demonstration, 
Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (August 2011), doi:10.1029/2010JB007941.

Moschas, F., and Stiros, S. 
PLL bandwidth and noise in 100 Hz GPS measurements 
GPS Solut (2015) 19: 173. doi:10.1007/s10291-014-0378-4</text>
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    <text bytes="918" xml:space="preserve">[Back to joint study group 0.10[http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG0.10]]

This Bibliography is meant to collect a bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications related to High-rate GNSS. Such list is in progress, with the contribution of the joint study group 0.11 members.

Bock, Y., Melgar, D., and Crowell, B. W.
Real-Time Strong-Motion Broadband Displacements from Collocated GPS and Accelerometers, 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 2904–2925, December 2011, doi: 10.1785/0120110007.

Colosimo, G., Crespi, M., and Mazzoni, A. 
Real-time GPS seismology with a stand-alone receiver: a preliminary feasibility demonstration, 
Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (August 2011), doi:10.1029/2010JB007941.

Moschas, F., and Stiros, S. 
PLL bandwidth and noise in 100 Hz GPS measurements 
GPS Solut (2015) 19: 173. doi:10.1007/s10291-014-0378-4</text>
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This Bibliography is meant to collect a bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications related to High-rate GNSS. Such list is in progress, with the contribution of the joint study group 0.11 members.

----

Bock, Y., Melgar, D., and Crowell, B. W.
Real-Time Strong-Motion Broadband Displacements from Collocated GPS and Accelerometers, \\
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 2904–2925, December 2011, doi: 10.1785/0120110007.

Colosimo, G., Crespi, M., and Mazzoni, A. 
Real-time GPS seismology with a stand-alone receiver: a preliminary feasibility demonstration, 
Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (August 2011), doi:10.1029/2010JB007941.

Moschas, F., and Stiros, S. 
PLL bandwidth and noise in 100 Hz GPS measurements 
GPS Solut (2015) 19: 173. doi:10.1007/s10291-014-0378-4</text>
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This Bibliography is meant to collect a bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications related to High-rate GNSS. Such list is in progress, with the contribution of the joint study group 0.11 members.

----

Bock, Y., Melgar, D., and Crowell, B. W.
Real-Time Strong-Motion Broadband Displacements from Collocated GPS and Accelerometers, 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 2904–2925, December 2011, doi: 10.1785/0120110007.

Colosimo, G., Crespi, M., and Mazzoni, A. 
Real-time GPS seismology with a stand-alone receiver: a preliminary feasibility demonstration, 
Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (August 2011), doi:10.1029/2010JB007941.

Moschas, F., and Stiros, S. 
PLL bandwidth and noise in 100 Hz GPS measurements 
GPS Solut (2015) 19: 173. doi:10.1007/s10291-014-0378-4.</text>
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This Bibliography is meant to collect a bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications related to High-rate GNSS. Such list is in progress, with the contribution of the joint study group 0.10 members.

----

Bock, Y., Melgar, D., and Crowell, B. W.
Real-Time Strong-Motion Broadband Displacements from Collocated GPS and Accelerometers, 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 2904–2925, December 2011, doi: 10.1785/0120110007.

Colosimo, G., Crespi, M., and Mazzoni, A. 
Real-time GPS seismology with a stand-alone receiver: a preliminary feasibility demonstration, 
Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (August 2011), doi:10.1029/2010JB007941.

Moschas, F., and Stiros, S. 
PLL bandwidth and noise in 100 Hz GPS measurements 
GPS Solut (2015) 19: 173. doi:10.1007/s10291-014-0378-4.</text>
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  <title>JSG T.38</title>
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Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it open, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Special:MovePage/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography</text>
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Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it opens, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/Special:MovePage/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography</text>
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Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it opens, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

At the following link it is possible to find the High-rate GNSS bibliography

http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography</text>
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    <text bytes="7017" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it opens, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[[http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]

http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography</text>
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    <text bytes="6955" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.10: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it opens, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2016-04-29 08:03:17+00|413">
  <title>JSG T.30</title>
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Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

In recent years, we are witnessing rapid development in the satellite-based navigation and positioning systems. Next to the modernization of the GPS dual-frequency signals to the triple-frequency signals, the GLONASS satellites have been revitalized and become fully operational. The new global and regional satellite constellations are also joining the family of the navigation systems. These additions are the two global systems of Galileo and BeiDou satellites as well as the two regional systems of QZSS and IRNSS satellites. This namely means that many more satellites will be visible to the GNSS users, transmitting data on many more frequencies than the current GPS dual-frequency setup, thereby expecting considerable improvement in the performance of the positioning and non-positioning GNSS applications.

Such a proliferation of multi-system, multi-frequency data demands rigorous theoretical frameworks, models and algorithms that enable the near-future multiple GNSSs to serve as a high-accuracy and high-integrity tool for the Earth-, atmospheric- and space-sciences. For instance, recent studies have revealed the existence of non-zero inter-system and inter-system-type biases that, if ignored, result in a catastrophic failure of integer ambiguity resolution, thus deteriorating the corresponding ambiguity resolved solutions. The availability of the new multi-system, multi-frequency data does therefore appeal proper mathematical models so as to enable one to correctly integrate such data, thus correctly linking the data to the estimable parameters of interest.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this study group are:
* to identify and investigate challenges that are posed by processing and integrating the data of the next generation navigation and positioning satellite systems,
* to develop new functional and stochastic models linking the multi-GNSS observations to the positioning and non-positioning parameters,
* to derive optimal methods that are capable of handling the data-processing of large-scale networks of mixed-receiver types tracking multi-GNSS satellites,
* to conduct an in-depth analysis of the systematic satellite- and receiver-dependent biases that are present either within one or between multiple satellite systems,
* to develop rigorous quality-control and integrity tools for evaluating the reliability of the multi-GNSS data and guarding the underlying models against any mis-modelled effects,
* to access the compatibility of the real-time multi-GNSS input parameters for positioning and non-positioning products,
* to articulate the theoretical developments and findings through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Program of activities===

While the investigation will be strongly based on the theoretical aspects of the multi-GNSS observation modelling and challenges, they will be also accompanied by numerical studies of both the simulated and real-world data. Given the expertise of each member, the underlying studies will be conducted on both individual and collaborative bases. The outputs of the group study is to provide the geodesy and GNSS communities with well-documented models and algorithmic methods through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Members===

'' '''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Peter J.G. Teunissen (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Pawel Wielgosz (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Bofeng Li (China) &lt;br /&gt; Simon Banville (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Nobuaki Kubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ali Reza Amiri-Simkooei (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Giorgi (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Thalia Nikolaidou (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Odolinski (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="3311" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG 0.11: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The mathematical description and numerical computation of the gravity signal of finite distributions play a central role in gravity field modelling and interpretation. Thereby, the study of the field induced by ideal geometrical bodies, such as the cylinder, the rectangular prism or the generally shaped polyhedron, is of special importance both as fundamental case studies but also in the frame of terrain correction computations over finite geographical regions.

Analytical and numerical tools have been developed for the potential function and its derivatives up to second order for the most familiar ideal bodies, which are widely used in gravity related studies. Also, an abundance of implementations have been proposed for computing these quantities over grids of computational points, elaborating data from digital terrain or crustal databases.

Scope of the Study Group is to investigate the possibilities of applying wavelet and multiscale analysis methods to compute the gravitational effect of known density distributions. Starting from the cases of ideal bodies and moving towards applications involving DTM data, or hidden structures in the Earth's interior, it will be attempted to derive explicit approaches for the individual existing analytical, numerical or combined (hybrid) methodologies. In this process, the mathematical consequences of expressing in the wavelet representation standard tools of potential theory, such as the Gauss or Green theorem, involved for example in the analytical derivations of the polyhedral gravity signal, will be addressed. Finally, a linkage to the coefficients obtained from the numerical approaches but also to the potential coefficients of currently available Earth gravity models will also be envisaged.

===Objectives===

* Bibliographical survey and identification of multiresolutional techniques for expressing the gravity field signal of finite distributions.
* Case studies for different geometrical finite shapes.
* Comparison and assessment against existing analytical, numerical and hybrid solutions.
* Computations over finite regions in the frame of classical terrain correction computations.
* Band limited validation against available Earth gravity models.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Michel (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;  Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt;'' 

====Corresponding members====

''Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
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    <text bytes="4661" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''

N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)

An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after April 15, 2013''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	Symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	Rome tour
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei] (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Forum|Forum
** Mid-term_report|Mid-term report 2007-2009
** Report_2007-2011|Final report 2007-2011
** Hotine-Marussi 2018

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** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Forum|Forum
** Mid-term_report|Mid-term report 2007-2009
** Report_2007-2011|Final report 2007-2011
** Hotine-Marussi_2018|Hotine-Marussi 2018

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** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Forum|Forum
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** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
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** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
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** Steering commitee
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** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
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** Report_2007-2011|Final report 2007-2011
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    <text bytes="4661" xml:space="preserve">===First Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''

N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)

An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after April 15, 2013''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	Symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	Rome tour
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei] (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
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** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Hotine-Marussi_2018|Hotine-Marussi 2018
** Mid-term_report_2007-09|Mid-term report 2007-09
** Final_report_2007-11|Final report 2007-11
** Mid-term_report_2011-13|Mid-term report 2011-13
** Final_report_2011-15|Final report 2011-15
** Forum|Forum

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** JSG0.20|Joint study group 0.20
** JSG0.21|Joint study group 0.21
** JSG0.22|Joint study group 0.22

* Tools
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** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
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** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Hotine-Marussi_2018|Hotine-Marussi 2018
** Mid-term_report_2007-09|Mid-term report 2007-09
** Final_report_2007-11|Final report 2007-11
** Mid-term_report_2011-13|Mid-term report 2011-13
** Final_report_2011-15|Final report 2011-15
** Mid-term_report 2015-17|Mid-term report 2015-17
** Forum|Forum

* Joint study groups
** JSG0.10|Joint study group 0.10
** JSG0.11|Joint study group 0.11
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** JSG0.19|Joint study group 0.19
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** JSG0.21|Joint study group 0.21
** JSG0.22|Joint study group 0.22

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** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
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    <text bytes="1162" xml:space="preserve">* Main menu
** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Hotine-Marussi_2018|Hotine-Marussi 2018
** Mid-term_report_2007-09|Mid-term report 2007-09
** Final_report_2007-11|Final report 2007-11
** Mid-term_report_2011-13|Mid-term report 2011-13
** Final_report_2011-15|Final report 2011-15
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** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
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** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Hotine-Marussi_2018|Hotine-Marussi 2018
** Mid-term_report_2007-09|Mid-term report 2007-09
** Final_report_2007-11|Final report 2007-11
** Mid-term_report_2011-13|Mid-term report 2011-13
** Final_report_2011-15|Final report 2011-15
** Mid-term_report 2015-17|Mid-term report 2015-17
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    <text bytes="4655" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 17-21, 2013=


'''Scientific Committee'''

N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)

An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after April 15, 2013''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	Symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	Rome tour
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei] (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4653" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi, T. van Dam, U. Marti R. Gross, D. Brzezinska, H. Kutterer, W. Kosek, M. Schmidt, C. Gerlach, T. Hobiger, F. Seitz, M. Weigelt, A. Jäggi, R. Čunderlík, K. Mikula, S. Jin, A. Dermanis

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, P. Capaldo, G. Colosimo, F. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzoni, A. Nascetti, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 17-21, 2013''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
This First Circular just brings some general information; more details will be available soon at the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

In this respect, it has also to be recalled that 2013 will be the special year for the [http://mpe2013.org/ Mathematics of Planet Earth].


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines and submitted through e-mail.

'''Deadline for submission is January 31, 2013'''. Both the guidelines and the e-mail address are available on the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website].

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by March 15, 2013'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)

An additional 100 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after April 15, 2013''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	Symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	Rome tour
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome, a social dinner and a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei] (the oldest Scientific Academy in the world, established in 1603 by Federico Cesi).


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


N. Sneeuw, P. Novák, F. Sansò, M. Crespi</text>
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    <text bytes="4797" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, G. Blewitt, R. Pail, M. Hashimoto, M. Santos, R. Gross, D. Tsoulis, R. Čunderlík, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, J. Huang, R. Tenzer, A. Khodabandeh, S. Claessens, W. Kosek, K. Börger, Y. Tanaka, A. Dermanis, V. Michel

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, A. Mazzoni, F. Fratarcangeli, R. Ravanelli, A. Mascitelli, M. Ravanelli, M. Di Tullio, V. Belloni, G. Savastano, A. Nascetti, G. Colosimo, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, M. Di Rita, P. Capaldo, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,

It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 18-22, 2018''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
 
All details about the symposium, its scientific programe and venue are available at the symposium website [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines at the website of the symposium.

'''Deadline for submission is 18 February 2018'''. 

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by 25 March 2018'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the [http://w3.dicea.uniroma1.it/hotine-marussi-2013/ Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2018''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	night tour of the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome and a social dinner. Moreover, a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei], the oldest scientific academy in the world established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, will be held on 19 June 2018. Its programme will consist of 6 invited talks focused on interactions of geodesy and

oceanography
*	glaciology
*	atmosphere
*	mathematics
*	solid Earth system structure from space
*	seismology


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4779" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, G. Blewitt, R. Pail, M. Hashimoto, M. Santos, R. Gross, D. Tsoulis, R. Čunderlík, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, J. Huang, R. Tenzer, A. Khodabandeh, S. Claessens, W. Kosek, K. Börger, Y. Tanaka, A. Dermanis, V. Michel

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, A. Mazzoni, F. Fratarcangeli, R. Ravanelli, A. Mascitelli, M. Ravanelli, M. Di Tullio, V. Belloni, G. Savastano, A. Nascetti, G. Colosimo, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, M. Di Rita, P. Capaldo, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,

It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 18-22, 2018''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
 
All details about the symposium, its scientific programe and venue are available at the symposium website [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines at the website of the symposium.

'''Deadline for submission is 18 February 2018'''. 

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by 25 March 2018'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction are available through the symposium website [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2018''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	night tour of the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome and a social dinner. Moreover, a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei], the oldest scientific academy in the world established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, will be held on 19 June 2018. Its programme will consist of 6 invited talks focused on interactions of geodesy and

oceanography
*	glaciology
*	atmosphere
*	mathematics
*	solid Earth system structure from space
*	seismology


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, G. Blewitt, R. Pail, M. Hashimoto, M. Santos, R. Gross, D. Tsoulis, R. Čunderlík, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, J. Huang, R. Tenzer, A. Khodabandeh, S. Claessens, W. Kosek, K. Börger, Y. Tanaka, A. Dermanis, V. Michel

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, A. Mazzoni, F. Fratarcangeli, R. Ravanelli, A. Mascitelli, M. Ravanelli, M. Di Tullio, V. Belloni, G. Savastano, A. Nascetti, G. Colosimo, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, M. Di Rita, P. Capaldo, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,

It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 18-22, 2018''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
 
All details about the symposium, its scientific programe and venue are available at the symposium website [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines at the website of the symposium.

'''Deadline for submission is 18 February 2018'''. 

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by 25 March 2018'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction are available through the symposium website [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG Symposia Series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2018''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	night tour of the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome and a social dinner. Moreover, a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei], the oldest scientific academy in the world established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, will be held on 19 June 2018. Its programme will consist of 6 invited talks focused on interactions of geodesy and

oceanography
*	glaciology
*	atmosphere
*	mathematics
*	solid Earth system structure from space
*	seismology


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, G. Blewitt, R. Pail, M. Hashimoto, M. Santos, R. Gross, D. Tsoulis, R. Čunderlík, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, J. Huang, R. Tenzer, A. Khodabandeh, S. Claessens, W. Kosek, K. Börger, Y. Tanaka, A. Dermanis, V. Michel

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, A. Mazzoni, F. Fratarcangeli, R. Ravanelli, A. Mascitelli, M. Ravanelli, M. Di Tullio, V. Belloni, G. Savastano, A. Nascetti, G. Colosimo, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, M. Di Rita, P. Capaldo, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,

It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 18-22, 2018''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
 
All details about the symposium, its scientific programe and venue are available at the symposium website [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines at the website of the symposium.

'''Deadline for submission is 18 February 2018'''. 

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by 25 March 2018'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction are available through the symposium website [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG Symposia Series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2018''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	night tour of the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome and a social dinner. Moreover, a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei], the oldest scientific academy in the world established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, will be held on 19 June 2018. Its programme will consist of 6 invited talks focused on interactions of geodesy and
*       oceanography
*	glaciology
*	atmosphere
*	mathematics
*	solid Earth system structure from space
*	seismology


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, G. Blewitt, R. Pail, M. Hashimoto, M. Santos, R. Gross, D. Tsoulis, R. Čunderlík, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, J. Huang, R. Tenzer, A. Khodabandeh, S. Claessens, W. Kosek, K. Börger, Y. Tanaka, A. Dermanis, V. Michel

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, A. Mazzoni, F. Fratarcangeli, R. Ravanelli, A. Mascitelli, M. Ravanelli, M. Di Tullio, V. Belloni, G. Savastano, A. Nascetti, G. Colosimo, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, M. Di Rita, P. Capaldo, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,

It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 18-22, 2018''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
 
All details about the symposium, its scientific programe and venue are available at the [symposium website https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines at the website of the symposium.

'''Deadline for submission is 18 February 2018'''. 

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by 25 March 2018'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction are available through the symposium website [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG Symposia Series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2018''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	night tour of the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome and a social dinner. Moreover, a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei], the oldest scientific academy in the world established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, will be held on 19 June 2018. Its programme will consist of 6 invited talks focused on interactions of geodesy and
*       oceanography
*	glaciology
*	atmosphere
*	mathematics
*	solid Earth system structure from space
*	seismology


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, G. Blewitt, R. Pail, M. Hashimoto, M. Santos, R. Gross, D. Tsoulis, R. Čunderlík, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, J. Huang, R. Tenzer, A. Khodabandeh, S. Claessens, W. Kosek, K. Börger, Y. Tanaka, A. Dermanis, V. Michel

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, A. Mazzoni, F. Fratarcangeli, R. Ravanelli, A. Mascitelli, M. Ravanelli, M. Di Tullio, V. Belloni, G. Savastano, A. Nascetti, G. Colosimo, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, M. Di Rita, P. Capaldo, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,

It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 18-22, 2018''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
 
All details about the symposium, its scientific programe and venue are available at the [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018 symposium website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines at the website of the symposium.

'''Deadline for submission is 18 February 2018'''. 

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by 25 March 2018'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction are available through the symposium website [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG Symposia Series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2018''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	night tour of the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome and a social dinner. Moreover, a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei], the oldest scientific academy in the world established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, will be held on 19 June 2018. Its programme will consist of 6 invited talks focused on interactions of geodesy and
*       oceanography
*	glaciology
*	atmosphere
*	mathematics
*	solid Earth system structure from space
*	seismology


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, G. Blewitt, R. Pail, M. Hashimoto, M. Santos, R. Gross, D. Tsoulis, R. Čunderlík, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, J. Huang, R. Tenzer, A. Khodabandeh, S. Claessens, W. Kosek, K. Börger, Y. Tanaka, A. Dermanis, V. Michel

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, A. Mazzoni, F. Fratarcangeli, R. Ravanelli, A. Mascitelli, M. Ravanelli, M. Di Tullio, V. Belloni, G. Savastano, A. Nascetti, G. Colosimo, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, M. Di Rita, P. Capaldo, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,

It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 18-22, 2018''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
 
All details about the symposium, its scientific programe and venue are available at the [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018 symposium website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines at the website of the symposium.

'''Deadline for submission is 18 February 2018'''. 

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by 25 March 2018'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction are available through the [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018 symposium website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG Symposia Series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2018''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	night tour of the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome and a social dinner. Moreover, a special session at the Accademia dei Lincei [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei], the oldest scientific academy in the world established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, will be held on 19 June 2018. Its programme will consist of 6 invited talks focused on interactions of geodesy and
*       oceanography
*	glaciology
*	atmosphere
*	mathematics
*	solid Earth system structure from space
*	seismology


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4774" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, G. Blewitt, R. Pail, M. Hashimoto, M. Santos, R. Gross, D. Tsoulis, R. Čunderlík, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, J. Huang, R. Tenzer, A. Khodabandeh, S. Claessens, W. Kosek, K. Börger, Y. Tanaka, A. Dermanis, V. Michel

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, A. Mazzoni, F. Fratarcangeli, R. Ravanelli, A. Mascitelli, M. Ravanelli, M. Di Tullio, V. Belloni, G. Savastano, A. Nascetti, G. Colosimo, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, M. Di Rita, P. Capaldo, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,

It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 18-22, 2018''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
 
All details about the symposium, its scientific programe and venue are available at the [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018 symposium website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines at the website of the symposium.

'''Deadline for submission is 18 February 2018'''. 

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by 25 March 2018'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction are available through the [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018 symposium website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG Symposia Series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2018''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	night tour of the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome and a social dinner. Moreover, a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei], the oldest scientific academy in the world established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, will be held on 19 June 2018. Its programme will consist of 6 invited talks focused on interactions of geodesy and
*       oceanography
*	glaciology
*	atmosphere
*	mathematics
*	solid Earth system structure from space
*	seismology


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="6955" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.23: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it opens, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
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Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering; two complementary, but primary as well, goals were, obviously, to get these information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next years will be completed the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and likely increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect data at high-rate (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it opens, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
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  <title>JSG0.10</title>
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  <title>Study groups</title>
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    <text bytes="2335" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG T.23: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG 0.11: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG 0.12: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.16|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.17|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.18|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.19|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.20|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.21|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.22|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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  <title>JSG T.24</title>
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    <text bytes="3311" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.24: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The mathematical description and numerical computation of the gravity signal of finite distributions play a central role in gravity field modelling and interpretation. Thereby, the study of the field induced by ideal geometrical bodies, such as the cylinder, the rectangular prism or the generally shaped polyhedron, is of special importance both as fundamental case studies but also in the frame of terrain correction computations over finite geographical regions.

Analytical and numerical tools have been developed for the potential function and its derivatives up to second order for the most familiar ideal bodies, which are widely used in gravity related studies. Also, an abundance of implementations have been proposed for computing these quantities over grids of computational points, elaborating data from digital terrain or crustal databases.

Scope of the Study Group is to investigate the possibilities of applying wavelet and multiscale analysis methods to compute the gravitational effect of known density distributions. Starting from the cases of ideal bodies and moving towards applications involving DTM data, or hidden structures in the Earth's interior, it will be attempted to derive explicit approaches for the individual existing analytical, numerical or combined (hybrid) methodologies. In this process, the mathematical consequences of expressing in the wavelet representation standard tools of potential theory, such as the Gauss or Green theorem, involved for example in the analytical derivations of the polyhedral gravity signal, will be addressed. Finally, a linkage to the coefficients obtained from the numerical approaches but also to the potential coefficients of currently available Earth gravity models will also be envisaged.

===Objectives===

* Bibliographical survey and identification of multiresolutional techniques for expressing the gravity field signal of finite distributions.
* Case studies for different geometrical finite shapes.
* Comparison and assessment against existing analytical, numerical and hybrid solutions.
* Computations over finite regions in the frame of classical terrain correction computations.
* Band limited validation against available Earth gravity models.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Michel (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;  Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt;'' 

====Corresponding members====

''Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
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    <text bytes="3311" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.24: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The mathematical description and numerical computation of the gravity signal of finite distributions play a central role in gravity field modelling and interpretation. Thereby, the study of the field induced by ideal geometrical bodies, such as the cylinder, the rectangular prism or the generally shaped polyhedron, is of special importance both as fundamental case studies but also in the frame of terrain correction computations over finite geographical regions.

Analytical and numerical tools have been developed for the potential function and its derivatives up to second order for the most familiar ideal bodies, which are widely used in gravity related studies. Also, an abundance of implementations have been proposed for computing these quantities over grids of computational points, elaborating data from digital terrain or crustal databases.

Scope of the Study Group is to investigate the possibilities of applying wavelet and multiscale analysis methods to compute the gravitational effect of known density distributions. Starting from the cases of ideal bodies and moving towards applications involving DTM data, or hidden structures in the Earth's interior, it will be attempted to derive explicit approaches for the individual existing analytical, numerical or combined (hybrid) methodologies. In this process, the mathematical consequences of expressing in the wavelet representation standard tools of potential theory, such as the Gauss or Green theorem, involved for example in the analytical derivations of the polyhedral gravity signal, will be addressed. Finally, a linkage to the coefficients obtained from the numerical approaches but also to the potential coefficients of currently available Earth gravity models will also be envisaged.

===Objectives===

* Bibliographical survey and identification of multiresolutional techniques for expressing the gravity field signal of finite distributions.
* Case studies for different geometrical finite shapes.
* Comparison and assessment against existing analytical, numerical and hybrid solutions.
* Computations over finite regions in the frame of classical terrain correction computations.
* Band limited validation against available Earth gravity models.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Michel (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;  Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt;'' 

====Corresponding members====

''Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
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    <text bytes="2335" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG T.23: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG T.24: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG T.25: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG 0.14: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG 0.15: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.16|'''JSG 0.16: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.17|'''JSG 0.17: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.18|'''JSG 0.18: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.19|'''JSG 0.19: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.20|'''JSG 0.20: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.21|'''JSG 0.21: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.22|'''JSG 0.22: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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    <text bytes="2417" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==


[[JSG0.10|'''JSG T.23: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG T.24: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG T.25: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG T.26: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG T.27: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG T.28: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.16|'''JSG T.29: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.17|'''JSG T.30: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.18|'''JSG T.31: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.19|'''JSG T.32: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.20|'''JSG T.33: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.21|'''JSG T.34: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.22|'''JSG T.35: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.36|'''JSG T.36: XXX''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''XXX''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''XXX''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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[[JSG0.10|'''JSG T.23: High-rate GNSS''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''1, 3 and 4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.11|'''JSG T.24: : Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.12|'''JSG T.25: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.13|'''JSG T.26: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.14|'''JSG T.27: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All commissions and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.15|'''JSG T.28: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.16|'''JSG T.29: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.17|'''JSG T.30: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.18|'''JSG T.31: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.19|'''JSG T.32: Time series analysis in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 3 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.20|'''JSG T.33: Space weather and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.21|'''JSG T.34: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) ''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.22|'''JSG T.35: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.36|'''JSG T.36: XXX''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''XXX''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''XXX''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.37|'''JSG T.37: XXX''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''XXX''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''XXX''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>b10538aa44da78ea6b60037b69595ea28653b9e3</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-01 09:09:53+00|509">
  <title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
  <ns>8</ns>
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  <revision>
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      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1162" xml:space="preserve">* Main menu
** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Hotine-Marussi_2018|Hotine-Marussi 2018
** Mid-term_report_2007-09|Mid-term report 2007-09
** Final_report_2007-11|Final report 2007-11
** Mid-term_report_2011-13|Mid-term report 2011-13
** Final_report_2011-15|Final report 2011-15
** Mid-term_report 2015-17|Mid-term report 2015-17
** Final_report_2015-19|Final report 2015-19
** Forum|Forum

* Joint study groups
** JSG0.10|Joint study group T.23
** JSG0.11|Joint study group T.24
** JSG0.12|Joint study group T.25
** JSG0.13|Joint study group T.26
** JSG0.14|Joint study group T.27
** JSG0.15|Joint study group T.28
** JSG0.16|Joint study group T.29
** JSG0.17|Joint study group T.30
** JSG0.18|Joint study group T.31
** JSG0.19|Joint study group T.32
** JSG0.20|Joint study group T.33
** JSG0.21|Joint study group T.34
** JSG0.22|Joint study group T.35

* Tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
    <sha1>954b36a59032d33946c634b30c6357955dca6f39</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>547</id>
    <parentid>511</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:21:08Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Pendl</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1232" xml:space="preserve">* Main menu
** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Hotine-Marussi_2018|Hotine-Marussi 2018
** Mid-term_report_2007-09|Mid-term report 2007-09
** Final_report_2007-11|Final report 2007-11
** Mid-term_report_2011-13|Mid-term report 2011-13
** Final_report_2011-15|Final report 2011-15
** Mid-term_report 2015-17|Mid-term report 2015-17
** Final_report_2015-19|Final report 2015-19
** Forum|Forum

* Joint study groups
** JSG0.10|Joint study group T.23
** JSG0.11|Joint study group T.24
** JSG0.12|Joint study group T.25
** JSG0.13|Joint study group T.26
** JSG0.14|Joint study group T.27
** JSG0.15|Joint study group T.28
** JSG0.16|Joint study group T.29
** JSG0.17|Joint study group T.30
** JSG0.18|Joint study group T.31
** JSG0.19|Joint study group T.32
** JSG0.20|Joint study group T.33
** JSG0.21|Joint study group T.34
** JSG0.22|Joint study group T.35
** JSG T.36|Joint study group T.36
** JSG T.37|Joint study group T.37

* Tools
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help</text>
    <sha1>a8e016a2669020d08a0332e1ef5d1575ded2801f</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>557</id>
    <parentid>547</parentid>
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    <contributor>
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      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1151" xml:space="preserve">* Main menu
** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Hotine-Marussi_2018|Hotine-Marussi 2018
** Mid-term_report_2007-09|Mid-term report 2007-09
** Final_report_2007-11|Final report 2007-11
** Mid-term_report_2011-13|Mid-term report 2011-13
** Final_report_2011-15|Final report 2011-15
** Mid-term_report 2015-17|Mid-term report 2015-17
** Final_report_2015-19|Final report 2015-19
** Forum|Forum

* Joint study groups
** JSG0.10|Joint study group T.23
** JSG0.11|Joint study group T.24
** JSG0.12|Joint study group T.25
** JSG0.13|Joint study group T.26
** JSG0.14|Joint study group T.27
** JSG0.15|Joint study group T.28
** JSG0.16|Joint study group T.29
** JSG0.17|Joint study group T.30
** JSG0.18|Joint study group T.31
** JSG0.19|Joint study group T.32
** JSG0.20|Joint study group T.33
** JSG0.21|Joint study group T.34
** JSG0.22|Joint study group T.35
** JSG T.36|Joint study group T.36
** JSG T.37|Joint study group T.37

* Tools</text>
    <sha1>1575a21c2fb730eaa7c2fd90850e8b439f0f0d91</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>558</id>
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      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1142" xml:space="preserve">* Main menu
** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Hotine-Marussi_2018|Hotine-Marussi 2018
** Mid-term_report_2007-09|Mid-term report 2007-09
** Final_report_2007-11|Final report 2007-11
** Mid-term_report_2011-13|Mid-term report 2011-13
** Final_report_2011-15|Final report 2011-15
** Mid-term_report 2015-17|Mid-term report 2015-17
** Final_report_2015-19|Final report 2015-19
** Forum|Forum

* Joint study groups
** JSG0.10|Joint study group T.23
** JSG0.11|Joint study group T.24
** JSG0.12|Joint study group T.25
** JSG0.13|Joint study group T.26
** JSG0.14|Joint study group T.27
** JSG0.15|Joint study group T.28
** JSG0.16|Joint study group T.29
** JSG0.17|Joint study group T.30
** JSG0.18|Joint study group T.31
** JSG0.19|Joint study group T.32
** JSG0.20|Joint study group T.33
** JSG0.21|Joint study group T.34
** JSG0.22|Joint study group T.35
** JSG T.36|Joint study group T.36
** JSG T.37|Joint study group T.37</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-01 09:09:53+00|509">
  <title>JSG T.25</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>35</id>
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    <text bytes="4762" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.25: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Efficient numerical methods and HPC (high performance computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the JSG is to apply numerical methods and/or HPC techniques mostly for gravity field modelling and nonlinear filtering of various geodetic data. The discretization numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM) and boundary element method (BEM) or the meshless methods like the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) or singular boundary method (SOR) can be efficiently used to solve the geodetic boundary value problems and nonlinear diffusion filtering, or to process e.g. the GOCE observations. Their parallel implementations and large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory using the MPI (Message Passing Interface) standards allows to solve such problems in spatial domains while obtaining high-resolution numerical solutions. 

Our JSG is also open for researchers dealing with the classical approaches of gravity field modelling (e.g. the spherical or ellipsoidal harmonics) that are using high performance computing to speed up their processing of enormous amount of input data. This includes large-scale parallel computations on massively parallel architectures as well as heterogeneous parallel computations using graphics processing units (GPUs).

Applications of the aforementioned numerical methods for gravity field modelling involve a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. It naturally leads to the oblique derivative problem that needs to be treated. In case of FEM or FVM, unstructured meshes above the topography will be constructed. The meshless methods like MFS or SBM that are based on the point-masses modelling can be applied for processing the gravity gradients observed by the GOCE satellite mission. To reach precise and high-resolution solutions, an elimination of far zones’ contributions is practically inevitable. This can be performed using the fast multipole method or iterative procedures. In both cases such an elimination process improves conditioning of the system matrix and a numerical stability of the problem. 
The aim of the JSG is also to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that allow adaptive smoothing, which effectively reduces the noise while preserves main structures in data. The proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface where the diffusivity coefficients depend on a combination of the edge detector and a mean curvature of the filtered function. This will avoid undesirable smoothing of local extremes.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of the study group are as follows:
* to develop algorithms for detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface including the possibility of adaptive refinement procedures,
* to create unstructured meshes above the topography for the FVM or FEM approach,
* to develop the FVM, BEM or FEM numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs that will treat the oblique derivative problem,
* to develop numerical models based on MFS or SBM for processing the GOCE observations,
* to develop parallel implementations of algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate and develop methods for nonlinear diffusion filtering of data on the Earth’s surface where the diffusivity coefficients depend on a combination of the edge detector and a mean curvature of the filtered function,
* to derive the semi-implicit numerical schemes for the nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* and to apply the developed nonlinear filtering methods to real geodetic data.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic workshops and conferences. 
* Organization of group working meetings at main international symposia.
* Organization of conference sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair &lt;br /&gt; Karol Mikula (Slovakia), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Jan Martin Brockmann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Walyeldeen Godah (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Kollár (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Zuzana Minarechová (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wolf-Dieter Schuh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>eceecc6fc4b2d409e184cfa897bb65762fd93b79</sha1>
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    <contributor>
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    <comment>Pendl moved page [[JSG0.12]] to [[JSG T.25]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="4762" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.25: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Efficient numerical methods and HPC (high performance computing) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of the JSG is to apply numerical methods and/or HPC techniques mostly for gravity field modelling and nonlinear filtering of various geodetic data. The discretization numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM) and boundary element method (BEM) or the meshless methods like the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) or singular boundary method (SOR) can be efficiently used to solve the geodetic boundary value problems and nonlinear diffusion filtering, or to process e.g. the GOCE observations. Their parallel implementations and large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory using the MPI (Message Passing Interface) standards allows to solve such problems in spatial domains while obtaining high-resolution numerical solutions. 

Our JSG is also open for researchers dealing with the classical approaches of gravity field modelling (e.g. the spherical or ellipsoidal harmonics) that are using high performance computing to speed up their processing of enormous amount of input data. This includes large-scale parallel computations on massively parallel architectures as well as heterogeneous parallel computations using graphics processing units (GPUs).

Applications of the aforementioned numerical methods for gravity field modelling involve a detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface considering its topography. It naturally leads to the oblique derivative problem that needs to be treated. In case of FEM or FVM, unstructured meshes above the topography will be constructed. The meshless methods like MFS or SBM that are based on the point-masses modelling can be applied for processing the gravity gradients observed by the GOCE satellite mission. To reach precise and high-resolution solutions, an elimination of far zones’ contributions is practically inevitable. This can be performed using the fast multipole method or iterative procedures. In both cases such an elimination process improves conditioning of the system matrix and a numerical stability of the problem. 
The aim of the JSG is also to investigate and develop nonlinear filtering methods that allow adaptive smoothing, which effectively reduces the noise while preserves main structures in data. The proposed approach is based on a numerical solution of partial differential equations using a surface finite volume method. It leads to a semi-implicit numerical scheme of the nonlinear diffusion equation on a closed surface where the diffusivity coefficients depend on a combination of the edge detector and a mean curvature of the filtered function. This will avoid undesirable smoothing of local extremes.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of the study group are as follows:
* to develop algorithms for detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface including the possibility of adaptive refinement procedures,
* to create unstructured meshes above the topography for the FVM or FEM approach,
* to develop the FVM, BEM or FEM numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs that will treat the oblique derivative problem,
* to develop numerical models based on MFS or SBM for processing the GOCE observations,
* to develop parallel implementations of algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate and develop methods for nonlinear diffusion filtering of data on the Earth’s surface where the diffusivity coefficients depend on a combination of the edge detector and a mean curvature of the filtered function,
* to derive the semi-implicit numerical schemes for the nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* and to apply the developed nonlinear filtering methods to real geodetic data.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic workshops and conferences. 
* Organization of group working meetings at main international symposia.
* Organization of conference sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair &lt;br /&gt; Karol Mikula (Slovakia), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Jan Martin Brockmann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Walyeldeen Godah (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Kollár (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Zuzana Minarechová (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wolf-Dieter Schuh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>eceecc6fc4b2d409e184cfa897bb65762fd93b79</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-01 09:09:53+00|509">
  <title>JSG0.12</title>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <comment>Pendl moved page [[JSG0.12]] to [[JSG T.25]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="22" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[JSG T.25]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-01 09:09:53+00|509">
  <title>JSG T.26</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>36</id>
  <revision>
    <id>515</id>
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    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:13:25Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="4981" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.26: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The description of the Earth's gravitational field and its temporal variations belongs to fundamental pillars of modern geodesy. The accurate knowledge of the global gravitational field is important in many applications including precise positioning, metrology, geophysics, geodynamics, oceanography, hydrology, cryospheric and other geosciences. Various observation techniques for collecting gravitational data have been invented based on terrestrial, marine, airborne and more recently, satellite sensors. On the other hand, different parametrization methods of the gravitational field were established in geodesy, however, with many unobservable parameters. For this reason, the geodetic science has traditionally been formulating various gravitational parameter transformations, including those based on solving boundary/initial value problems of potential theory, through Fredholm's integral equations.

Traditionally, Stokes’s, Vening-Meinesz’s and Hotine’s integrals have been of interest in geodesy as they accommodated geodetic applications. In recent history, new geodetic integral transformations were formulated. This effort was mainly initiated by new gravitational observables that became gradually available to geodesists with the advent of precise GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) positioning, satellite altimetry and aerial gravimetry/gradiometry.  The family of integral transformations has enormously been extended with satellite-to-satellite tracking and satellite gradiometric data available from recent gravity-dedicated satellite missions.

Besides numerous efforts in developing integral equations to cover new observables in geodesy, many aspects of integral equations remain challenging. This study group aims for systematic treatment of integral transformation in geodesy, as many formulations have been performed by making use of various approaches. Many solutions are based on spherical approximation that cannot be justified for globally distributed satellite data and with respect to requirements of various data users requiring gravitational data to be distributed the reference ellipsoid or at constant geodetic altitude. On the other hand, the integral equations in spherical approximation possess symmetric properties that allow for studying their spatial and spectral properties; they also motivate for adopting a generalized notation. New numerically efficient, stable and accurate methods for upward/downward continuation, comparison, validation, transformation, combination and/or for interpretation of gravitational data are also of high interest with increasing availability of large amounts of new data.

===Objectives===

* To consider different types of gravitational data, i.e., terrestrial, aerial and satellite, available today and to formulate their mathematical relation to the gravitational potential.
* To study mathematical properties of differential operators in spherical and Jacobi ellipsoidal coordinates, which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* To complete the family of integral equations relating various types of current and foreseen gravitational data and to derive corresponding spherical and ellipsoidal Green’s functions.
* To study accurate and numerically stable methods for upward/downward continuation of gravitational field parameters.
* To investigate optimal combination techniques of heterogeneous gravitational field observables for gravitational field modelling at all scales.
* To investigate conditionality as well as spatial and spectral properties of linear operators based on discretized integral equations.
* To classify integral transformations and to propose suitable generalized notation for a variety of classical and new integral equations in geodesy.

===Program of Activities===

* Presenting research results at major international geodetic and geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Organizing a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2017.
* Cooperating with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring activities of JGS members as well as other scientists related to the scope of JGS activities.
* Providing bibliographic list of relevant publications from different disciplines in the area of JSG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Alireza Ardalan (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (China) &lt;br /&gt; Guyla Tóth (Hungary) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>7ab13ff667404f36f460dc77fe75073a02e0f853</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:13:36Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Pendl moved page [[JSG0.13]] to [[JSG T.26]]</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="4981" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.26: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The description of the Earth's gravitational field and its temporal variations belongs to fundamental pillars of modern geodesy. The accurate knowledge of the global gravitational field is important in many applications including precise positioning, metrology, geophysics, geodynamics, oceanography, hydrology, cryospheric and other geosciences. Various observation techniques for collecting gravitational data have been invented based on terrestrial, marine, airborne and more recently, satellite sensors. On the other hand, different parametrization methods of the gravitational field were established in geodesy, however, with many unobservable parameters. For this reason, the geodetic science has traditionally been formulating various gravitational parameter transformations, including those based on solving boundary/initial value problems of potential theory, through Fredholm's integral equations.

Traditionally, Stokes’s, Vening-Meinesz’s and Hotine’s integrals have been of interest in geodesy as they accommodated geodetic applications. In recent history, new geodetic integral transformations were formulated. This effort was mainly initiated by new gravitational observables that became gradually available to geodesists with the advent of precise GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) positioning, satellite altimetry and aerial gravimetry/gradiometry.  The family of integral transformations has enormously been extended with satellite-to-satellite tracking and satellite gradiometric data available from recent gravity-dedicated satellite missions.

Besides numerous efforts in developing integral equations to cover new observables in geodesy, many aspects of integral equations remain challenging. This study group aims for systematic treatment of integral transformation in geodesy, as many formulations have been performed by making use of various approaches. Many solutions are based on spherical approximation that cannot be justified for globally distributed satellite data and with respect to requirements of various data users requiring gravitational data to be distributed the reference ellipsoid or at constant geodetic altitude. On the other hand, the integral equations in spherical approximation possess symmetric properties that allow for studying their spatial and spectral properties; they also motivate for adopting a generalized notation. New numerically efficient, stable and accurate methods for upward/downward continuation, comparison, validation, transformation, combination and/or for interpretation of gravitational data are also of high interest with increasing availability of large amounts of new data.

===Objectives===

* To consider different types of gravitational data, i.e., terrestrial, aerial and satellite, available today and to formulate their mathematical relation to the gravitational potential.
* To study mathematical properties of differential operators in spherical and Jacobi ellipsoidal coordinates, which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* To complete the family of integral equations relating various types of current and foreseen gravitational data and to derive corresponding spherical and ellipsoidal Green’s functions.
* To study accurate and numerically stable methods for upward/downward continuation of gravitational field parameters.
* To investigate optimal combination techniques of heterogeneous gravitational field observables for gravitational field modelling at all scales.
* To investigate conditionality as well as spatial and spectral properties of linear operators based on discretized integral equations.
* To classify integral transformations and to propose suitable generalized notation for a variety of classical and new integral equations in geodesy.

===Program of Activities===

* Presenting research results at major international geodetic and geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Organizing a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2017.
* Cooperating with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring activities of JGS members as well as other scientists related to the scope of JGS activities.
* Providing bibliographic list of relevant publications from different disciplines in the area of JSG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Alireza Ardalan (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (China) &lt;br /&gt; Guyla Tóth (Hungary) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.27</title>
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    <text bytes="5531" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.27: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All Commissions and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

Observations provided by space geodetic techniques deliver a global picture of the changing system Earth, in particular temporal changes of the Earth’s gravity field, irregularities in the Earth rotation and variations of station positions due to various geodynamical phenomena. Different techniques are characterized by different accuracy and different sensitivity to geodetic parameters, e.g., GNSS provides most accurate pole coordinates, but cannot provide the absolute information on UT1-UTC, and thus, must be integrated with VLBI or LLR data. GRACE observations provide state-of-the-art and most accurate information on temporal changes of the gravity field, but the temporal changes of the Earth’s oblateness or the geocentre motion can be better determined using SLR data. Therefore, a fusion of various space geodetic observations is an indispensable prerequisite for a reliable description of the varying system Earth. 
 
However, the space geodetic observations are typically not free of artifacts related to deficiencies in various models used in the data reduction process. GNSS satellite orbits are very sensitive to deficiencies in solar radiation pressure modeling affecting, e.g., the accuracy of GNSS-derived Earth rotation parameters and geocentre coordinates. Deficiencies in modeling of antenna phase center offsets, albedo and the antenna thrust limit the reliability of GNSS and DORIS-derived scale of the terrestrial reference frame, despite a good global coverage of GNSS receivers and DORIS beacons. VLBI solutions are affected by an inhomogeneous quality delivered by different stations and antenna deformations. SLR technique is affected by the Blue-Sky effect which is related to the weather dependency of laser observations and the station-dependent satellite signature effect due to multiple reflections from many retroreflectors. Moreover, un-modeled horizontal gradients of the troposphere delay in SLR analyzes also limit the quality of SLR solutions. Finally, GRACE data are very sensitive to aliasing with diurnal and semidiurnal tides, whereas GOCE and Swarm orbits show a worse quality around the geomagnetic equator due to deficiencies in ionosphere delay modeling.

Separation of real geophysical signals and artifacts in geodetic observations yield a very challenging objective. A fusion of different observational techniques of space geodesy may enhance our knowledge on systematic effects, improve the consistency between different observational techniques, and may help us to mitigate artifacts in the geodetic time series.

The mitigation of artifacts using parameters derived by a fusion of different techniques of space geodesy should comprise three steps: 1) identification of an artifact through an analysis of geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques; 2) delivering a way to model an artifact; 3) applying the developed model to standard solutions by the analysis centers. 

Improving the consistency level through mitigating artifacts in space geodetic observations will bring us closer to fulfilling the objectives of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), i.e., the 1-mm accuracy of positions and 0.1-mm/year accuracy of the velocity determination. Without a deep knowledge of systematic effects in satellite geodetic data and without a proper modeling thereof, the accomplishment of the GGOS goals will never be possible. 

===Objectives===

* Developing of data fusion methods based on geodetic data from different sources
* Accuracy assessment and simulations of geodetic observations in order to fulfil GGOS’ goals
* Study time series of geodetic parameters (geometry, gravity and rotation) and other derivative parameters (e.g., troposphere and ionosphere delays) determined using different techniques of space geodesy
* Investigating biases and systematic effects in single techniques
* Combination of satellite geodetic observations at the observation level and software synchronization
* Investigating various methods of technique co-locations: through local ties, global ties, co-location in space
* Identifying artifacts in time series of geodetic parameters using e.g., spatial, temporal, and spectral analyzes
* Elaborating methods aimed at mitigating systematic effects and artifacts
* Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by techniques using different methods and algorithms
* Comparison of different methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages
* Recommendations for analysis working groups and conventions

===Planned Activities===

* Preparing a web page with information concerning integration and consistency of satellite geodetic techniques and their integration with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Toshimichi Otsubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Daniela Thaller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Mathis Blossfeld (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Andrea Maier (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Claudia Flohrer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Agnieszka Wnek (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Sara Bruni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Karina Wilgan (Poland) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>445ab0c6ed5b4e471e83ddedabf7ea54cc9737df</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <id>519</id>
    <parentid>518</parentid>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <comment>Pendl moved page [[JSG0.14]] to [[JSG T.27]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="5531" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.27: Fusion of multi-technique satellite geodetic data'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''All Commissions and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

Observations provided by space geodetic techniques deliver a global picture of the changing system Earth, in particular temporal changes of the Earth’s gravity field, irregularities in the Earth rotation and variations of station positions due to various geodynamical phenomena. Different techniques are characterized by different accuracy and different sensitivity to geodetic parameters, e.g., GNSS provides most accurate pole coordinates, but cannot provide the absolute information on UT1-UTC, and thus, must be integrated with VLBI or LLR data. GRACE observations provide state-of-the-art and most accurate information on temporal changes of the gravity field, but the temporal changes of the Earth’s oblateness or the geocentre motion can be better determined using SLR data. Therefore, a fusion of various space geodetic observations is an indispensable prerequisite for a reliable description of the varying system Earth. 
 
However, the space geodetic observations are typically not free of artifacts related to deficiencies in various models used in the data reduction process. GNSS satellite orbits are very sensitive to deficiencies in solar radiation pressure modeling affecting, e.g., the accuracy of GNSS-derived Earth rotation parameters and geocentre coordinates. Deficiencies in modeling of antenna phase center offsets, albedo and the antenna thrust limit the reliability of GNSS and DORIS-derived scale of the terrestrial reference frame, despite a good global coverage of GNSS receivers and DORIS beacons. VLBI solutions are affected by an inhomogeneous quality delivered by different stations and antenna deformations. SLR technique is affected by the Blue-Sky effect which is related to the weather dependency of laser observations and the station-dependent satellite signature effect due to multiple reflections from many retroreflectors. Moreover, un-modeled horizontal gradients of the troposphere delay in SLR analyzes also limit the quality of SLR solutions. Finally, GRACE data are very sensitive to aliasing with diurnal and semidiurnal tides, whereas GOCE and Swarm orbits show a worse quality around the geomagnetic equator due to deficiencies in ionosphere delay modeling.

Separation of real geophysical signals and artifacts in geodetic observations yield a very challenging objective. A fusion of different observational techniques of space geodesy may enhance our knowledge on systematic effects, improve the consistency between different observational techniques, and may help us to mitigate artifacts in the geodetic time series.

The mitigation of artifacts using parameters derived by a fusion of different techniques of space geodesy should comprise three steps: 1) identification of an artifact through an analysis of geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques; 2) delivering a way to model an artifact; 3) applying the developed model to standard solutions by the analysis centers. 

Improving the consistency level through mitigating artifacts in space geodetic observations will bring us closer to fulfilling the objectives of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), i.e., the 1-mm accuracy of positions and 0.1-mm/year accuracy of the velocity determination. Without a deep knowledge of systematic effects in satellite geodetic data and without a proper modeling thereof, the accomplishment of the GGOS goals will never be possible. 

===Objectives===

* Developing of data fusion methods based on geodetic data from different sources
* Accuracy assessment and simulations of geodetic observations in order to fulfil GGOS’ goals
* Study time series of geodetic parameters (geometry, gravity and rotation) and other derivative parameters (e.g., troposphere and ionosphere delays) determined using different techniques of space geodesy
* Investigating biases and systematic effects in single techniques
* Combination of satellite geodetic observations at the observation level and software synchronization
* Investigating various methods of technique co-locations: through local ties, global ties, co-location in space
* Identifying artifacts in time series of geodetic parameters using e.g., spatial, temporal, and spectral analyzes
* Elaborating methods aimed at mitigating systematic effects and artifacts
* Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by techniques using different methods and algorithms
* Comparison of different methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages
* Recommendations for analysis working groups and conventions

===Planned Activities===

* Preparing a web page with information concerning integration and consistency of satellite geodetic techniques and their integration with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Toshimichi Otsubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Daniela Thaller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Mathis Blossfeld (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Andrea Maier (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Claudia Flohrer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Agnieszka Wnek (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Sara Bruni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Karina Wilgan (Poland) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-01 09:09:53+00|509">
  <title>JSG T.28</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>38</id>
  <revision>
    <id>521</id>
    <parentid>406</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:14:45Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="4418" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.28: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

A theoretical framework for the regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling is a conceptual structure to solve a geodetic boundary value problem regionally. It is a physically sound integration of a set of coherent definitions, physical models and constants, geodetic reference systems and mathematical equations. Current frameworks are designed to solve one of the two geodetic boundary value problems: Stokes’s and Molodensky’s. These frameworks were originally established and subsequently refined for many decades to get the best accuracy of the geoid/quasi-geoid model. The regional geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with an accuracy of a few centimeters in a number of regions in the world, and has been adopted to define new vertical datum replacing the spirit-leveling networks in New Zealand and Canada. More and more countries are modernizing their existing height systems with the geoid-based datum. Yet the geoid model still needs further improvement to match the accuracy of the GNSS-based heightening. This requires the theory and its numerical realization, to be of sub-centimeter accuracy, and the availability of adequate data.

Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling often involves the combination of satellite, airborne, terrestrial (shipborne and land) gravity data through the remove-compute-restore Stokes method and the least-squares collocation. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with an accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with terrestrial gravity data, which are still unique in determining the high-degree geoid components. It can be foreseen that gravity data coverage will extend everywhere over lands, in particular, airborne data, in the near future.  Furthermore, the digital elevation models required for the gravity reduction have achieved global coverage with redundancy.  A pressing question to answer is if these data are sufficiently accurate for the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid determination. This study group focuses on refining and establishing if necessary the theoretical frameworks of the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid. 

===Objectives===

The theoretical frameworks of the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid consist of, but are not limited to, the following components to study:
* Physical constant GM
* W0 convention and changes
* Geo-center convention and motion with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)
* Geodetic Reference Systems
* Proper formulation of the geodetic boundary value problem
* Nonlinear solution of the formulated geodetic boundary value problem
* Data type, distribution and quality requirements
* Data interpolation and extrapolation methods
* Gravity reduction including downward or upward continuation from observation points down or up to the geoid, in particular over mountainous regions, polar glaciers and ice caps
* Anomalous topographic mass density effect on the geoid model
* Spectral combination of different types of gravity data
* Transformation between the geoid and quasi-geoid models
* The time-variable geoid/quasi-geoid change modelling
* Estimation of the geoid/quasi-geoid model inaccuracies
* Independent validation of geoid/quasi-geoid models
* Applications of new tools such as the radial basis functions 

===Program of activities===

* The study group achieves its objectives through organizing splinter meetings in coincidence with major IAG conferences and workshops if possible.
* Circulating and sharing progress reports, papers and presentations.
* Presenting and publishing papers in the IAG symposia and scientific journals. 

===Members===
 
'' '''Jianliang Huang (Canada), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;  '''Yan Ming Wang (USA), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Heiner Denker (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; René Forsberg (Denmark) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Urs Marti (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Vaníček (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>1739b2ec922ec7c4a7d8e208132c05053b2d3fb0</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>522</id>
    <parentid>521</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:14:51Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Pendl</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Pendl moved page [[JSG0.15]] to [[JSG T.28]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="4418" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.28: Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling – Theoretical framework for the sub-centimetre accuracy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Problem statement===

A theoretical framework for the regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling is a conceptual structure to solve a geodetic boundary value problem regionally. It is a physically sound integration of a set of coherent definitions, physical models and constants, geodetic reference systems and mathematical equations. Current frameworks are designed to solve one of the two geodetic boundary value problems: Stokes’s and Molodensky’s. These frameworks were originally established and subsequently refined for many decades to get the best accuracy of the geoid/quasi-geoid model. The regional geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with an accuracy of a few centimeters in a number of regions in the world, and has been adopted to define new vertical datum replacing the spirit-leveling networks in New Zealand and Canada. More and more countries are modernizing their existing height systems with the geoid-based datum. Yet the geoid model still needs further improvement to match the accuracy of the GNSS-based heightening. This requires the theory and its numerical realization, to be of sub-centimeter accuracy, and the availability of adequate data.

Regional geoid/quasi-geoid modelling often involves the combination of satellite, airborne, terrestrial (shipborne and land) gravity data through the remove-compute-restore Stokes method and the least-squares collocation. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with an accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with terrestrial gravity data, which are still unique in determining the high-degree geoid components. It can be foreseen that gravity data coverage will extend everywhere over lands, in particular, airborne data, in the near future.  Furthermore, the digital elevation models required for the gravity reduction have achieved global coverage with redundancy.  A pressing question to answer is if these data are sufficiently accurate for the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid determination. This study group focuses on refining and establishing if necessary the theoretical frameworks of the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid. 

===Objectives===

The theoretical frameworks of the sub-centimeter geoid/quasi-geoid consist of, but are not limited to, the following components to study:
* Physical constant GM
* W0 convention and changes
* Geo-center convention and motion with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)
* Geodetic Reference Systems
* Proper formulation of the geodetic boundary value problem
* Nonlinear solution of the formulated geodetic boundary value problem
* Data type, distribution and quality requirements
* Data interpolation and extrapolation methods
* Gravity reduction including downward or upward continuation from observation points down or up to the geoid, in particular over mountainous regions, polar glaciers and ice caps
* Anomalous topographic mass density effect on the geoid model
* Spectral combination of different types of gravity data
* Transformation between the geoid and quasi-geoid models
* The time-variable geoid/quasi-geoid change modelling
* Estimation of the geoid/quasi-geoid model inaccuracies
* Independent validation of geoid/quasi-geoid models
* Applications of new tools such as the radial basis functions 

===Program of activities===

* The study group achieves its objectives through organizing splinter meetings in coincidence with major IAG conferences and workshops if possible.
* Circulating and sharing progress reports, papers and presentations.
* Presenting and publishing papers in the IAG symposia and scientific journals. 

===Members===
 
'' '''Jianliang Huang (Canada), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;  '''Yan Ming Wang (USA), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Heiner Denker (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; René Forsberg (Denmark) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Urs Marti (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Vaníček (Canada) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG0.15</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>68</id>
  <revision>
    <id>523</id>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <sha1>94c302c2ca73826dbc0be1a03c432ccfae8c3449</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2020-06-01 09:09:53+00|509">
  <title>JSG T.29</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>39</id>
  <revision>
    <id>524</id>
    <parentid>407</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:15:32Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Pendl</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <text bytes="6105" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.29: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and 3''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The satellite gravimetry missions, CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP), the GRavity field and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), significantly improved our knowledge on the external gravitational field of the Earth at the long-to-medium wavelengths (approximately up to a spherical harmonic degree of 250). Such improved information in terms of the accuracy and resolution has been utilized in studies of the Earth’s interior for a better understanding of the Earth’s inner structure and processes occurring within the lithosphere and sub-lithospheric mantle. Whereas the long-wavelength spectrum of the Earth’s gravitational field comprises mainly the signature of deep mantle density heterogeneities attributed to mantle convection, the medium wavelengths reflect the density structure of more shallow sources within the lithosphere. This allows studying and interpreting in more detail the gravitational features which are related to the global tectonism (including the oceanic subduction, orogenic formations, earthquakes, global lithospheric plate configuration, etc.), sub-lithospheric stresses, isostatic mechanisms, glacial isostatic adjustment, and other related geodynamic phenomena. Moreover, the Global Gravitational Models (GGMs) have been extensively used in studies of the lithospheric density structure and density interfaces such as for the gravimetric recovery of the Moho depth, lithospheric thickness as well as structure of sedimentary basins. 

Since the gravity observations could not be used alone to interpret the Earth’s inner density structure due to a non-uniqueness of inverse solutions (i.e. infinity many 3-D density structures could be attributed to the Earth’s gravity field), additional information is required to constrain the gravimetric methods for interpreting the Earth’s interior. These constraining data comprise primarily results of seismic surveys as well as additional geophysical, geothermal and geochemical parameters of the Earth. Moreover, numerous recent gravimetric studies of the Earth’s interior focus on the global and regional Moho recovery. The classical isostatic models (according to Airy and Pratt theories) are typically not able to model realistically the actual Moho geometry, due to the fact that the isostatic mass balance depends on loading and effective elastic thickness, rigidity, rheology of the lithosphere and viscosity of the asthenosphere. Moreover, geodynamic processes such as the glacial isostatic adjustment, present-day glacial melting, plate motion and mantle convection contribute to the time-dependent isostatic balance. To overcome these issues, processing strategies of combining gravity and seismic data (and possibly also additional constraining information) have to be applied to determine the actual Moho geometry. 

The gravimetric methods applied in studies of the Earth’s inner density structure comprise - in principle - two categories. The methods for the gravimetric forward modeling are applied to model (and remove) the gravitational signature of known density structures in order to enhance the gravitational contribution of unknown (and sought) density structures and interfaces. The gravimetric inverse methods are then used to interpret these unknown density structures from the refined gravity data. It is obvious that the combination of gravity and seismic data (and other constraining information) is essential especially in solving the gravimetric inverse problems. 

This gives us the platform and opportunities towards improving the theoretical and numerical methods applied in studies of Earth’s interior from multiple data sources, primarily focusing but not restricting only to combining gravimetric and seismic data. It is expected that the gravity data could improve our knowledge of the Earth’s interior over significant proportion of the world where seismic data are sparse or completely absent (such large parts of oceanic areas, Antarctica, Greenland and Africa). The gravity data could also provide additional information on the lithospheric structure and mechanisms, such as global tectonic configuration, geometry of subducted slabs, crustal thickening of orogenic formations and other phenomena.  

===Objectives===

* Development of the theoretical and numerical algorithms for combined processing of gravity, seismic and other types of geophysical data for a recovery of the Earth’s density structures and interfaces.
* Development of fast numerical algorithms for combined data inversions.
* Development of stochastic models for combined inversion including optimal weighting, regularization and spectral filtering.  
* Better understanding of uncertainties of interpreted results based on the error analysis of input data and applied numerical models. Geophysical and geodynamic clarification of results and their uncertainties.
* Recommendations for optimal data combinations, better understanding of possibilities and limiting factors associated with individual data types used for geophysical and geodynamic interpretations.

===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web page with emphasis on exchange of ideas and recent progress, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* Work progress meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.
* Possible collaboration between various geoscience study groups dealing with the modeling of the Earth’s interior and related scientific topics. 

===Members===

'' '''Robert Tenzer (China), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Lars Sjöberg (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Mohammad Bagherbandi (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Carla Braitenberg (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Mirko Reguzzoni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Xiaodong Song (USA) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>f322261f3666bca207659c391b9558ec46d07757</sha1>
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    <id>525</id>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <text bytes="6105" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.29: Earth’s inner structure from combined geodetic and geophysical sources'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and 3''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The satellite gravimetry missions, CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP), the GRavity field and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), significantly improved our knowledge on the external gravitational field of the Earth at the long-to-medium wavelengths (approximately up to a spherical harmonic degree of 250). Such improved information in terms of the accuracy and resolution has been utilized in studies of the Earth’s interior for a better understanding of the Earth’s inner structure and processes occurring within the lithosphere and sub-lithospheric mantle. Whereas the long-wavelength spectrum of the Earth’s gravitational field comprises mainly the signature of deep mantle density heterogeneities attributed to mantle convection, the medium wavelengths reflect the density structure of more shallow sources within the lithosphere. This allows studying and interpreting in more detail the gravitational features which are related to the global tectonism (including the oceanic subduction, orogenic formations, earthquakes, global lithospheric plate configuration, etc.), sub-lithospheric stresses, isostatic mechanisms, glacial isostatic adjustment, and other related geodynamic phenomena. Moreover, the Global Gravitational Models (GGMs) have been extensively used in studies of the lithospheric density structure and density interfaces such as for the gravimetric recovery of the Moho depth, lithospheric thickness as well as structure of sedimentary basins. 

Since the gravity observations could not be used alone to interpret the Earth’s inner density structure due to a non-uniqueness of inverse solutions (i.e. infinity many 3-D density structures could be attributed to the Earth’s gravity field), additional information is required to constrain the gravimetric methods for interpreting the Earth’s interior. These constraining data comprise primarily results of seismic surveys as well as additional geophysical, geothermal and geochemical parameters of the Earth. Moreover, numerous recent gravimetric studies of the Earth’s interior focus on the global and regional Moho recovery. The classical isostatic models (according to Airy and Pratt theories) are typically not able to model realistically the actual Moho geometry, due to the fact that the isostatic mass balance depends on loading and effective elastic thickness, rigidity, rheology of the lithosphere and viscosity of the asthenosphere. Moreover, geodynamic processes such as the glacial isostatic adjustment, present-day glacial melting, plate motion and mantle convection contribute to the time-dependent isostatic balance. To overcome these issues, processing strategies of combining gravity and seismic data (and possibly also additional constraining information) have to be applied to determine the actual Moho geometry. 

The gravimetric methods applied in studies of the Earth’s inner density structure comprise - in principle - two categories. The methods for the gravimetric forward modeling are applied to model (and remove) the gravitational signature of known density structures in order to enhance the gravitational contribution of unknown (and sought) density structures and interfaces. The gravimetric inverse methods are then used to interpret these unknown density structures from the refined gravity data. It is obvious that the combination of gravity and seismic data (and other constraining information) is essential especially in solving the gravimetric inverse problems. 

This gives us the platform and opportunities towards improving the theoretical and numerical methods applied in studies of Earth’s interior from multiple data sources, primarily focusing but not restricting only to combining gravimetric and seismic data. It is expected that the gravity data could improve our knowledge of the Earth’s interior over significant proportion of the world where seismic data are sparse or completely absent (such large parts of oceanic areas, Antarctica, Greenland and Africa). The gravity data could also provide additional information on the lithospheric structure and mechanisms, such as global tectonic configuration, geometry of subducted slabs, crustal thickening of orogenic formations and other phenomena.  

===Objectives===

* Development of the theoretical and numerical algorithms for combined processing of gravity, seismic and other types of geophysical data for a recovery of the Earth’s density structures and interfaces.
* Development of fast numerical algorithms for combined data inversions.
* Development of stochastic models for combined inversion including optimal weighting, regularization and spectral filtering.  
* Better understanding of uncertainties of interpreted results based on the error analysis of input data and applied numerical models. Geophysical and geodynamic clarification of results and their uncertainties.
* Recommendations for optimal data combinations, better understanding of possibilities and limiting factors associated with individual data types used for geophysical and geodynamic interpretations.

===Program of activities===

* Launching of a web page with emphasis on exchange of ideas and recent progress, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* Work progress meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.
* Possible collaboration between various geoscience study groups dealing with the modeling of the Earth’s interior and related scientific topics. 

===Members===

'' '''Robert Tenzer (China), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Lars Sjöberg (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Mohammad Bagherbandi (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Carla Braitenberg (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Mirko Reguzzoni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Xiaodong Song (USA) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>f322261f3666bca207659c391b9558ec46d07757</sha1>
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  <title>JSG T.30</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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  <revision>
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    <parentid>409</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:16:02Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="3773" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.30: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

In recent years, we are witnessing rapid development in the satellite-based navigation and positioning systems. Next to the modernization of the GPS dual-frequency signals to the triple-frequency signals, the GLONASS satellites have been revitalized and become fully operational. The new global and regional satellite constellations are also joining the family of the navigation systems. These additions are the two global systems of Galileo and BeiDou satellites as well as the two regional systems of QZSS and IRNSS satellites. This namely means that many more satellites will be visible to the GNSS users, transmitting data on many more frequencies than the current GPS dual-frequency setup, thereby expecting considerable improvement in the performance of the positioning and non-positioning GNSS applications.

Such a proliferation of multi-system, multi-frequency data demands rigorous theoretical frameworks, models and algorithms that enable the near-future multiple GNSSs to serve as a high-accuracy and high-integrity tool for the Earth-, atmospheric- and space-sciences. For instance, recent studies have revealed the existence of non-zero inter-system and inter-system-type biases that, if ignored, result in a catastrophic failure of integer ambiguity resolution, thus deteriorating the corresponding ambiguity resolved solutions. The availability of the new multi-system, multi-frequency data does therefore appeal proper mathematical models so as to enable one to correctly integrate such data, thus correctly linking the data to the estimable parameters of interest.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this study group are:
* to identify and investigate challenges that are posed by processing and integrating the data of the next generation navigation and positioning satellite systems,
* to develop new functional and stochastic models linking the multi-GNSS observations to the positioning and non-positioning parameters,
* to derive optimal methods that are capable of handling the data-processing of large-scale networks of mixed-receiver types tracking multi-GNSS satellites,
* to conduct an in-depth analysis of the systematic satellite- and receiver-dependent biases that are present either within one or between multiple satellite systems,
* to develop rigorous quality-control and integrity tools for evaluating the reliability of the multi-GNSS data and guarding the underlying models against any mis-modelled effects,
* to access the compatibility of the real-time multi-GNSS input parameters for positioning and non-positioning products,
* to articulate the theoretical developments and findings through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Program of activities===

While the investigation will be strongly based on the theoretical aspects of the multi-GNSS observation modelling and challenges, they will be also accompanied by numerical studies of both the simulated and real-world data. Given the expertise of each member, the underlying studies will be conducted on both individual and collaborative bases. The outputs of the group study is to provide the geodesy and GNSS communities with well-documented models and algorithmic methods through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Members===

'' '''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Peter J.G. Teunissen (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Pawel Wielgosz (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Bofeng Li (China) &lt;br /&gt; Simon Banville (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Nobuaki Kubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ali Reza Amiri-Simkooei (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Giorgi (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Thalia Nikolaidou (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Odolinski (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>dc66a7fac368c37dd0cebee83d86fa0a8875237e</sha1>
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    <text bytes="3773" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.30: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1, 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

In recent years, we are witnessing rapid development in the satellite-based navigation and positioning systems. Next to the modernization of the GPS dual-frequency signals to the triple-frequency signals, the GLONASS satellites have been revitalized and become fully operational. The new global and regional satellite constellations are also joining the family of the navigation systems. These additions are the two global systems of Galileo and BeiDou satellites as well as the two regional systems of QZSS and IRNSS satellites. This namely means that many more satellites will be visible to the GNSS users, transmitting data on many more frequencies than the current GPS dual-frequency setup, thereby expecting considerable improvement in the performance of the positioning and non-positioning GNSS applications.

Such a proliferation of multi-system, multi-frequency data demands rigorous theoretical frameworks, models and algorithms that enable the near-future multiple GNSSs to serve as a high-accuracy and high-integrity tool for the Earth-, atmospheric- and space-sciences. For instance, recent studies have revealed the existence of non-zero inter-system and inter-system-type biases that, if ignored, result in a catastrophic failure of integer ambiguity resolution, thus deteriorating the corresponding ambiguity resolved solutions. The availability of the new multi-system, multi-frequency data does therefore appeal proper mathematical models so as to enable one to correctly integrate such data, thus correctly linking the data to the estimable parameters of interest.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of this study group are:
* to identify and investigate challenges that are posed by processing and integrating the data of the next generation navigation and positioning satellite systems,
* to develop new functional and stochastic models linking the multi-GNSS observations to the positioning and non-positioning parameters,
* to derive optimal methods that are capable of handling the data-processing of large-scale networks of mixed-receiver types tracking multi-GNSS satellites,
* to conduct an in-depth analysis of the systematic satellite- and receiver-dependent biases that are present either within one or between multiple satellite systems,
* to develop rigorous quality-control and integrity tools for evaluating the reliability of the multi-GNSS data and guarding the underlying models against any mis-modelled effects,
* to access the compatibility of the real-time multi-GNSS input parameters for positioning and non-positioning products,
* to articulate the theoretical developments and findings through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Program of activities===

While the investigation will be strongly based on the theoretical aspects of the multi-GNSS observation modelling and challenges, they will be also accompanied by numerical studies of both the simulated and real-world data. Given the expertise of each member, the underlying studies will be conducted on both individual and collaborative bases. The outputs of the group study is to provide the geodesy and GNSS communities with well-documented models and algorithmic methods through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Members===

'' '''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Peter J.G. Teunissen (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Pawel Wielgosz (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Bofeng Li (China) &lt;br /&gt; Simon Banville (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Nobuaki Kubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ali Reza Amiri-Simkooei (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Giorgi (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Thalia Nikolaidou (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Odolinski (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.31</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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  <revision>
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    <text bytes="6164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.31: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

The gravitational fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies in the Solar System are customarily represented by a series of spherical harmonic coefficients. The models made up of these harmonic coefficients are used widely in a large range of applications within geodesy. In addition, spherical harmonics are now used in many other areas of science such as geomagnetism, particle physics, planetary geophysics, biochemistry and computer graphics, but one of the first applications of spherical harmonics was related to the gravitational potential, and geodesists are still at the forefront of research into spherical harmonics. This holds true especially when it comes to the extension of spherical harmonic series to ever higher degree and order (d/o).
The maximum d/o of spherical harmonic series of the Earth’s gravitational potential has risen steadily over the past decades. The highest d/o models currently listed by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) have a maximum d/o of 2190. In recent years, spherical harmonic models of the topography and topographic potential to d/o 10,800 have been computed, and with ever-increasing computational prowess, expansions to even higher d/o are feasible. For comparison, the current highest-resolution global gravity model has a resolution of 7.2” in the space domain, which is roughly equivalent to d/o 90,000 in the frequency domain, while the highest-resolution global Digital Elevation Model has a resolution of 5 m, equivalent to d/o ~4,000,000.

The increasing maximum d/o of harmonic models has posed and continues to pose both theoretical and practical challenges for the geodetic community. For example, the computation of associated Legendre functions of the first kind, which are required for spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis, is traditionally subject to numerical instabilities and underflow/overflow problems. Much progress has been made on this issue by selection of suitable recurrence relations, summation strategies, and use of extended range arithmetic, but further improvements to efficiency may still be achieved. 

There are further separate challenges in ultra-high d/o harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) and synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform). Many methods for the forward harmonic transform exist, typically separated into least-squares and quadrature methods, and further comparison between the two at high d/o, including studying the influence of aliasing, is of interest. The inverse harmonic transform, including synthesis of a large variety of quantities, has received much interest in recent years. In moving towards higher d/o series, highly efficient algorithms for synthesis on irregular surfaces and/or in scattered point locations, are of utmost importance. 

Another question that has occupied geodesists for many decades is whether there is a substantial benefit to the use of oblate ellipsoidal (or spheroidal) harmonics instead of spherical harmonics.  The limitations of the spherical harmonic series for use on or near the Earth’s surface are becoming more and more apparent as the maximum d/o of the harmonic series increase. There are still open questions about the divergence effect and the amplification of the omission error in spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin surface. 

The Hotine-Jekeli transformation between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients has proven very useful, in particular for spherical harmonic analysis of data on a reference ellipsoid. It has recently been improved upon and extended, while alternatives using surface spherical harmonics have also been proposed, but the performance of the transformations at very high d/o may be improved further. Direct use of spheroidal harmonic series requires (ratios of) associated Legendre functions of the second kind, and their stable and efficient computation is also of ongoing interest.

===Objectives===

The objectives of this study group are to:
* Create and compare stable and efficient methods for computation of ultra-high degree and order associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind (or ratios thereof), plus its derivatives and integrals.
* Study the divergence effect of ultra-high degree spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin sphere/spheroid.
* Verify the numerical performance of transformations between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients to ultra-high degree and order.
* Compare least-squares and quadrature approaches to very high-degree and order spherical and spheroidal harmonic analysis.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) for a variety of data types and boundary surfaces.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform) of point values and area means of all potential quantities of interest on regular and irregular surfaces.

===Program of activities===

* Providing a platform for increased cooperation between group members, facilitating and encouraging exchange of ideas and research results.
* Creating and updating a bibliographic list of relevant publications from both the geodetic community as well as other disciplines for the perusal of group members.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presenting research results in the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt) &lt;br /&gt; Oleh Abrykosov (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Toshio Fukushima (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Grombein (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Eliška Hamáčková (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Moritz Rexer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Josef Sebera (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Kurt Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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      <id>1</id>
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    <text bytes="6164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.31: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

The gravitational fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies in the Solar System are customarily represented by a series of spherical harmonic coefficients. The models made up of these harmonic coefficients are used widely in a large range of applications within geodesy. In addition, spherical harmonics are now used in many other areas of science such as geomagnetism, particle physics, planetary geophysics, biochemistry and computer graphics, but one of the first applications of spherical harmonics was related to the gravitational potential, and geodesists are still at the forefront of research into spherical harmonics. This holds true especially when it comes to the extension of spherical harmonic series to ever higher degree and order (d/o).
The maximum d/o of spherical harmonic series of the Earth’s gravitational potential has risen steadily over the past decades. The highest d/o models currently listed by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) have a maximum d/o of 2190. In recent years, spherical harmonic models of the topography and topographic potential to d/o 10,800 have been computed, and with ever-increasing computational prowess, expansions to even higher d/o are feasible. For comparison, the current highest-resolution global gravity model has a resolution of 7.2” in the space domain, which is roughly equivalent to d/o 90,000 in the frequency domain, while the highest-resolution global Digital Elevation Model has a resolution of 5 m, equivalent to d/o ~4,000,000.

The increasing maximum d/o of harmonic models has posed and continues to pose both theoretical and practical challenges for the geodetic community. For example, the computation of associated Legendre functions of the first kind, which are required for spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis, is traditionally subject to numerical instabilities and underflow/overflow problems. Much progress has been made on this issue by selection of suitable recurrence relations, summation strategies, and use of extended range arithmetic, but further improvements to efficiency may still be achieved. 

There are further separate challenges in ultra-high d/o harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) and synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform). Many methods for the forward harmonic transform exist, typically separated into least-squares and quadrature methods, and further comparison between the two at high d/o, including studying the influence of aliasing, is of interest. The inverse harmonic transform, including synthesis of a large variety of quantities, has received much interest in recent years. In moving towards higher d/o series, highly efficient algorithms for synthesis on irregular surfaces and/or in scattered point locations, are of utmost importance. 

Another question that has occupied geodesists for many decades is whether there is a substantial benefit to the use of oblate ellipsoidal (or spheroidal) harmonics instead of spherical harmonics.  The limitations of the spherical harmonic series for use on or near the Earth’s surface are becoming more and more apparent as the maximum d/o of the harmonic series increase. There are still open questions about the divergence effect and the amplification of the omission error in spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin surface. 

The Hotine-Jekeli transformation between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients has proven very useful, in particular for spherical harmonic analysis of data on a reference ellipsoid. It has recently been improved upon and extended, while alternatives using surface spherical harmonics have also been proposed, but the performance of the transformations at very high d/o may be improved further. Direct use of spheroidal harmonic series requires (ratios of) associated Legendre functions of the second kind, and their stable and efficient computation is also of ongoing interest.

===Objectives===

The objectives of this study group are to:
* Create and compare stable and efficient methods for computation of ultra-high degree and order associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind (or ratios thereof), plus its derivatives and integrals.
* Study the divergence effect of ultra-high degree spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin sphere/spheroid.
* Verify the numerical performance of transformations between spherical and spheroidal harmonic coefficients to ultra-high degree and order.
* Compare least-squares and quadrature approaches to very high-degree and order spherical and spheroidal harmonic analysis.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) for a variety of data types and boundary surfaces.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic synthesis (the inverse harmonic transform) of point values and area means of all potential quantities of interest on regular and irregular surfaces.

===Program of activities===

* Providing a platform for increased cooperation between group members, facilitating and encouraging exchange of ideas and research results.
* Creating and updating a bibliographic list of relevant publications from both the geodetic community as well as other disciplines for the perusal of group members.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presenting research results in the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt) &lt;br /&gt; Oleh Abrykosov (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Toshio Fukushima (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Thomas Grombein (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gruber (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Eliška Hamáčková (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Moritz Rexer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Josef Sebera (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Kurt Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>229857340d38beb4aec05b19787d775cb60fa6f8</sha1>
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  <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>1</id>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-01 09:09:53+00|509">
  <title>JSG T.32</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>42</id>
  <revision>
    <id>533</id>
    <parentid>412</parentid>
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    <text bytes="6133" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.32: Time series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

Observations of the space geodesy techniques and on the Earth's surface deliver a global picture of the Earth dynamics represented in the form of time series which describe 1) changes of the Earth surface geometry, 2) the fluctuations in the Earth orientation, and 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field. The Earth's surface geometry, rotation and gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) which integrates them into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, temporal variations of these three components represent the total, integral effect of all global mass exchange between all elements of the Earth’s system including the Earth's interior and fluid layers:  atmosphere, ocean and land hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods have been applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relations between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is recommended to apply wavelet based spectra-temporal analysis methods to analyze these geodetic time series as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes in different frequency bands using time-frequency semblance and coherence methods. These spectra-temporal analysis methods and time-frequency semblance and coherence may be further developed to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other source data sources.

Geodetic time series include for example horizontal and vertical deformations of site positions determined from observations of space geodetic techniques. These site positions change due to e.g. plate tectonics, postglacial rebound, atmospheric, hydrology and ocean loading and earthquakes. However they are used to build the global international terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) which must be stable reference for all other geodetic observations including e.g. satellite orbit parameters and Earth's orientation parameters which consist of precession, nutation, polar motion and UT1-UTC that are necessary for transformation between the terrestrial and celestial reference frames. Geodetic time series include also temporal variations of Earth's gravity field where 1 arc-deg spherical harmonics correspond to the Earth’s centre of mass variations (long term mean of them determines the ITRF origin) and 2 degree spherical harmonics correspond to Earth rotation changes. Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the Earth's surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level, ice covers, ionospheric total electron content and tropospheric delay as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with include the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in these data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful. Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

* Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction.
* Study of Earth's geometry, rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.
* Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.
* Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* Development and comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages.
* Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

* Launching of a website about time series analysis in geodesy providing list of papers from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis.
* Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Boehm (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Dawei Zheng (China) &lt;br /&gt; Yonghong Zhou (China) &lt;br /&gt; Mahmut O. Karslioglu (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Orhan Akyilmaz (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Laura Fernandez (Argentina) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Gross (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Olivier de Viron (France) &lt;br /&gt; Sergei Petrov (Russia) &lt;br /&gt; Michel Van Camp (Belgium) &lt;br /&gt; Hans Neuner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Xavier Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>63a520851f7e1025c44094d51bce5f9d36b108ad</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>534</id>
    <parentid>533</parentid>
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    <contributor>
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      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Pendl moved page [[JSG0.19]] to [[JSG T.32]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="6133" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.32: Time series analysis in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

Observations of the space geodesy techniques and on the Earth's surface deliver a global picture of the Earth dynamics represented in the form of time series which describe 1) changes of the Earth surface geometry, 2) the fluctuations in the Earth orientation, and 3) the variations of the Earth’s gravitational field. The Earth's surface geometry, rotation and gravity field are the three components of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) which integrates them into one unique physical and mathematical model. However, temporal variations of these three components represent the total, integral effect of all global mass exchange between all elements of the Earth’s system including the Earth's interior and fluid layers:  atmosphere, ocean and land hydrology.

Different time series analysis methods have been applied to analyze all these geodetic time series for better understanding of the relations between all elements of the Earth’s system as well as their geophysical causes. The interactions between different components of the Earth’s system are very complex so the nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is recommended to apply wavelet based spectra-temporal analysis methods to analyze these geodetic time series as well as to explain their relations to geophysical processes in different frequency bands using time-frequency semblance and coherence methods. These spectra-temporal analysis methods and time-frequency semblance and coherence may be further developed to display reliably the features of the temporal or spatial variability of signals existing in various geodetic data, as well as in other source data sources.

Geodetic time series include for example horizontal and vertical deformations of site positions determined from observations of space geodetic techniques. These site positions change due to e.g. plate tectonics, postglacial rebound, atmospheric, hydrology and ocean loading and earthquakes. However they are used to build the global international terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) which must be stable reference for all other geodetic observations including e.g. satellite orbit parameters and Earth's orientation parameters which consist of precession, nutation, polar motion and UT1-UTC that are necessary for transformation between the terrestrial and celestial reference frames. Geodetic time series include also temporal variations of Earth's gravity field where 1 arc-deg spherical harmonics correspond to the Earth’s centre of mass variations (long term mean of them determines the ITRF origin) and 2 degree spherical harmonics correspond to Earth rotation changes. Time series analysis methods can be also applied to analyze data on the Earth's surface including maps of the gravity field, sea level, ice covers, ionospheric total electron content and tropospheric delay as well as temporal variations of such surface data. The main problems to deal with include the estimation of deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes) components of the geodetic time series as well as the application of digital filters for extracting specific components with a chosen frequency bandwidth.

The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in these data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis may also be considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction.

For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful. Understanding the nature of geodetic time series is very important from the point of view of appropriate spectral analysis as well as application of filtering and prediction methods.

===Objectives===

* Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction.
* Study of Earth's geometry, rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.
* Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.
* Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* Development and comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages.
* Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.

===Program of activities===

* Launching of a website about time series analysis in geodesy providing list of papers from different disciplines as well as unification of terminology applied in time series analysis.
* Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popinski (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Boehm (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Dawei Zheng (China) &lt;br /&gt; Yonghong Zhou (China) &lt;br /&gt; Mahmut O. Karslioglu (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Orhan Akyilmaz (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Laura Fernandez (Argentina) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Gross (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Olivier de Viron (France) &lt;br /&gt; Sergei Petrov (Russia) &lt;br /&gt; Michel Van Camp (Belgium) &lt;br /&gt; Hans Neuner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Xavier Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>72</id>
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  <title>JSG T.33</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>43</id>
  <revision>
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    <parentid>414</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:17:27Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="3545" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.33: Space weather and ionosphere'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: '': Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

It is well known that space geodetic methods are under influence of ionospheric refraction, and therefore from the very beginning of these techniques geodesy deals with the ionosphere. In this context sophisticated methods and models have been developed in order to determine, to represent and to predict the ionosphere. Apart from this the ionosphere fits into another issue called „space weather“, which describes the interactions between the constituents of space and earth. To be more precise space weather means the conditions in space with a significant impact on space-based and ground-based technology as well as on earth and its inhabitants.  Solar radiation, that is electromagnetic emission as well as particle emission, is the main cause or “drive” of space weather.

Originally, geodesy, or to be more precise, space geodetic methods have considered the ionosphere as a disturbing factor that affects signal propagation and that has to be corrected. This (geodetic) perspective has been changed over time and the ionosphere has become a target value so that geodetic observations are used to determine the ionosphere. Different groups have developed models of high quality, e.g. 3D-models which describe the ionosphere as a function of longitude, latitude and time or even 4D-models accounting for the height as well. However, since the ionosphere is a manifestation of space weather, geodesy should contribute to space weather research, and in this respect completely new scientific questions arise, in particular with respect to the so called “geo-effect”, which is the impact of space weather in general.

There are two principal goals of the proposed study group. First, to connect the “geodetic” ionosphere research with solar-terrestrial physics, in order to consider the complete cause-effect-chain. Second, the above mentioned “geo-effect” has to be investigated in detail, which is an important aspect, because modern society depends to a great extent on technology, i.e. technology that can be disturbed, that can be harmed or that even can be destroyed by extreme space weather events

===Objectives===

* improvements and enlargements of ionosphere models (including scintillations)
* geodetic contributions to investigate the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on satellite motion
* geodetic contributions to investigate the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on communication 
* investigations of the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on remote sensing products 
* investigations of the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on terrestrial technical infrastructure (metallic networks, power grids)
* “geodetic observations” of currents (ring current, electrojets)

===Program of activities===

* the maintaining of a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results
* organization of a workshop w.r.t. space weather and geo-effects
* publication of important findings

===Membership===

'' '''Klaus Börger (Germany), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Mahmut Onur Karsioglu (Turkey), vice-chair &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jürgen Matzka (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Barbara Görres (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; George Zhizhao Liu (Hong Kong, China) &lt;br /&gt; Ehsan Forootan (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Hinrichs (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>87a0d31d9d1e601b7924e46801c5a3a22011d88d</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>537</id>
    <parentid>536</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:17:34Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Pendl</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Pendl moved page [[JSG0.20]] to [[JSG T.33]]</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="3545" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.33: Space weather and ionosphere'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: '': Klaus Börger (Germany)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

It is well known that space geodetic methods are under influence of ionospheric refraction, and therefore from the very beginning of these techniques geodesy deals with the ionosphere. In this context sophisticated methods and models have been developed in order to determine, to represent and to predict the ionosphere. Apart from this the ionosphere fits into another issue called „space weather“, which describes the interactions between the constituents of space and earth. To be more precise space weather means the conditions in space with a significant impact on space-based and ground-based technology as well as on earth and its inhabitants.  Solar radiation, that is electromagnetic emission as well as particle emission, is the main cause or “drive” of space weather.

Originally, geodesy, or to be more precise, space geodetic methods have considered the ionosphere as a disturbing factor that affects signal propagation and that has to be corrected. This (geodetic) perspective has been changed over time and the ionosphere has become a target value so that geodetic observations are used to determine the ionosphere. Different groups have developed models of high quality, e.g. 3D-models which describe the ionosphere as a function of longitude, latitude and time or even 4D-models accounting for the height as well. However, since the ionosphere is a manifestation of space weather, geodesy should contribute to space weather research, and in this respect completely new scientific questions arise, in particular with respect to the so called “geo-effect”, which is the impact of space weather in general.

There are two principal goals of the proposed study group. First, to connect the “geodetic” ionosphere research with solar-terrestrial physics, in order to consider the complete cause-effect-chain. Second, the above mentioned “geo-effect” has to be investigated in detail, which is an important aspect, because modern society depends to a great extent on technology, i.e. technology that can be disturbed, that can be harmed or that even can be destroyed by extreme space weather events

===Objectives===

* improvements and enlargements of ionosphere models (including scintillations)
* geodetic contributions to investigate the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on satellite motion
* geodetic contributions to investigate the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on communication 
* investigations of the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on remote sensing products 
* investigations of the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on terrestrial technical infrastructure (metallic networks, power grids)
* “geodetic observations” of currents (ring current, electrojets)

===Program of activities===

* the maintaining of a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results
* organization of a workshop w.r.t. space weather and geo-effects
* publication of important findings

===Membership===

'' '''Klaus Börger (Germany), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Mahmut Onur Karsioglu (Turkey), vice-chair &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jürgen Matzka (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Barbara Görres (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; George Zhizhao Liu (Hong Kong, China) &lt;br /&gt; Ehsan Forootan (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Hinrichs (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>87a0d31d9d1e601b7924e46801c5a3a22011d88d</sha1>
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  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>73</id>
  <revision>
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      <id>1</id>
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  <title>JSG T.34</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>44</id>
  <revision>
    <id>539</id>
    <parentid>416</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:18:01Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Pendl</username>
      <id>1</id>
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    <text bytes="2886" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.34: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and 3''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

In recent years, observational accuracy of ground-, satellite- and space-geodetic techniques has significantly improved which enables us to monitor temporal variations in surface deformations and gravity over various space and time scales. These variations are related to a wide range of surface and internal Earth’s processes, including the deformational response to glacial loading, solid earth and ocean tides, atmospheric and non-tidal ocean loadings, hydrological phenomena, earthquake and volcano activity, tsunamis from seismic to GIA-process frequencies. The interpretation of such high-accuracy observational data, more advanced theories are required in order to describe the individual processes and to quantify the individual signals in the geodetic data. To facilitate this, interactions between geophysical modelling and data modelling is mandatory.  

===Objectives===

* Development of 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D elastic/anelastic Earth models for simulating the individual processes causing variations in deformation and gravity.
* Development of phenomenological or dynamic theories to treat deformation and gravity variations which cannot be described by the above earth models (e.g., hydrology, cryosphere, poroelasticity) and consideration of such effects in the above earth models.
* Theoretical study to reveal the mechanisms of the individual processes.
* Comparative study of theoretical methods using the existing codes. 
* Forward and inverse modelling of deformation and gravity variations using observational data.
* Development of observational data analysis methods to extract the individual geophysical signals.

===Program of activities===

* To launch an e-mail list to share information concerning research results and to interchange ideas for solving related problems.
* To open a web page to share publication lists and its update.
* To hold an international workshop focusing on the above research theme.
* To have sessions at international meetings (EGU, AGU, IAG, etc.) as needed.

===Membership===

'' '''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Zdeněk Martinec (Ireland) &lt;br /&gt; Erik Ivins (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Klemann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Bouman (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jose Fernandez (Spain) &lt;br /&gt; Luce Fleitout (France) &lt;br /&gt; Pablo Jose Gonzales (UK) &lt;br /&gt; David Al-Attar (UK) &lt;br /&gt; Giorgio Spada (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Cambiotti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Vajda (Slovak Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wouter van der Wal (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Riva (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Taco Broerse (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Guangyu Fu (China) &lt;br /&gt; Benjamin Fong Chao (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Jun'ichi Okuno (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Masao Nakada (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>154074d3e13c5a6111c5fdfd68b6fd056910852d</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>540</id>
    <parentid>539</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:18:08Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Pendl</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Pendl moved page [[JSG0.21]] to [[JSG T.34]]</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2886" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.34: Geophysical modelling of time variations in deformation and gravity'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2 and 3''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

In recent years, observational accuracy of ground-, satellite- and space-geodetic techniques has significantly improved which enables us to monitor temporal variations in surface deformations and gravity over various space and time scales. These variations are related to a wide range of surface and internal Earth’s processes, including the deformational response to glacial loading, solid earth and ocean tides, atmospheric and non-tidal ocean loadings, hydrological phenomena, earthquake and volcano activity, tsunamis from seismic to GIA-process frequencies. The interpretation of such high-accuracy observational data, more advanced theories are required in order to describe the individual processes and to quantify the individual signals in the geodetic data. To facilitate this, interactions between geophysical modelling and data modelling is mandatory.  

===Objectives===

* Development of 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D elastic/anelastic Earth models for simulating the individual processes causing variations in deformation and gravity.
* Development of phenomenological or dynamic theories to treat deformation and gravity variations which cannot be described by the above earth models (e.g., hydrology, cryosphere, poroelasticity) and consideration of such effects in the above earth models.
* Theoretical study to reveal the mechanisms of the individual processes.
* Comparative study of theoretical methods using the existing codes. 
* Forward and inverse modelling of deformation and gravity variations using observational data.
* Development of observational data analysis methods to extract the individual geophysical signals.

===Program of activities===

* To launch an e-mail list to share information concerning research results and to interchange ideas for solving related problems.
* To open a web page to share publication lists and its update.
* To hold an international workshop focusing on the above research theme.
* To have sessions at international meetings (EGU, AGU, IAG, etc.) as needed.

===Membership===

'' '''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Zdeněk Martinec (Ireland) &lt;br /&gt; Erik Ivins (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Klemann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Bouman (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jose Fernandez (Spain) &lt;br /&gt; Luce Fleitout (France) &lt;br /&gt; Pablo Jose Gonzales (UK) &lt;br /&gt; David Al-Attar (UK) &lt;br /&gt; Giorgio Spada (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Cambiotti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Vajda (Slovak Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wouter van der Wal (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Riva (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Taco Broerse (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Guangyu Fu (China) &lt;br /&gt; Benjamin Fong Chao (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Jun'ichi Okuno (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Masao Nakada (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-01 09:09:53+00|509">
  <title>JSG0.21</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <comment>Pendl moved page [[JSG0.21]] to [[JSG T.34]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="22" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[JSG T.34]]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-01 09:09:53+00|509">
  <title>JSG T.35</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>45</id>
  <revision>
    <id>542</id>
    <parentid>419</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:18:35Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="5056" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.35: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

A Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) is required for measuring the Earth orientation in space, for positioning objects at the Earth’s surface as well as satellites in orbit around the Earth, and for the analysis of geophysical processes and their spatiotemporal variations. TRFs are currently constructed by sets of tri-dimensional coordinates of ground stations, which implicitly realize the three orthogonal axes of the corresponding frame. To account for Earth’s deformations, these coordinates have been commonly modelled as piece-wise linear functions of time which are estimated from space geodetic data under various processing strategies, resulting to the usual type of geodetic frame solutions in terms of station coordinates (at some reference epoch) and constant velocities. Most recently, post-seismic deformation has been added as well in geodetic frame solutions. The requirements of the Earth science community for the accuracy level of such secular TRFs for present-day applications are in the order of 1 mm and 0.1 mm/year, which is not generally achievable at the present time. Improvements in data analysis models, coordinate variation models, optimal estimation procedures and datum definition choices (e.g. NNR conditions) should still be investigated in order to enhance the present positioning accuracy under the “linear” TRF framework. 

Moreover, the consideration of seasonal changes in the station positions due to the effect of geophysical loading signals and other complex tectonic motions has created an additional interest towards the development of “non-linear” TRFs aiming to provide highly accurate coordinates of the quasi-instantaneous positions in a global network. This approach overcomes the limitation of global secular frames which model the average positions over a long time span, yet it creates significant new challenges and open problems that need to be resolved to meet the aforementioned accuracy requirements.

The above considerations provide the motivation for this JSG whose work will be focused to studying and improving the current approaches for the definition and realization of global TRFs from space geodetic data, in support of Earth mapping and monitoring applications. The principal aim is to identify the major issues causing the current internal/external accuracy limitations in global TRF solutions, and to investigate possible ways to overcome them either in the linear or the non-linear modeling framework.

===Objectives===

* To review and compare from the theoretical point of view the current approaches for the definition and realization of global TRFs, including data reduction strategies and frame estimation methodologies.
* To evaluate the distortion caused by hidden datum information within the unconstrained normal equations (NEQs) to combination solutions by the “minimum constraints” approach, and to develop efficient tools enforcing the appropriate rank deficiency in input NEQs when computing TRF solutions.
* To study the role of the 7/14-parameter Helmert transformation model in handling non-linear (non-secular) global frames, as well as to investigate the frame transformation problem in the presence of modeled seasonal variations in the respective coordinates.
* To study theoretical and numerical aspects of the stacking problem, both at the NEQ level and at the coordinate time-series level, with unknown non-linear seasonal terms when estimating a global frame from space geodetic data.
* To compare the aforementioned methodology with other alternative approaches in non-linear frame modeling, such as the computation of high-rate time series of global TRFs.
* To investigate the modeling choices for the datum definition in global TRFs with particular emphasis on the frame orientation and the different types of no-net-rotation (NNR) conditions.

===Program of activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings, promotion of related sessions at international scientific symposia and publication of important findings related to the JSG objectives.
* Proposal for a state-of-art review paper in global frame theory, realization methodologies and open problems, co-authored by the JSG members.
* Organize a related session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Launching a web page with emphasis on exchange of research ideas, recent results, updated bibliographic list of references and relevant publications from other disciplines.

===Membership===

'' '''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Zuheir Altamimi (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Bevis (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mathis Bloßfeld (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; David Coulot (France) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Gross (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Tom Herring (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schindelegger (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <revision>
    <id>543</id>
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    <comment>Pendl moved page [[JSG0.22]] to [[JSG T.35]]</comment>
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    <text bytes="5056" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.35: Definition of next generation terrestrial reference frames'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 1 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

A Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) is required for measuring the Earth orientation in space, for positioning objects at the Earth’s surface as well as satellites in orbit around the Earth, and for the analysis of geophysical processes and their spatiotemporal variations. TRFs are currently constructed by sets of tri-dimensional coordinates of ground stations, which implicitly realize the three orthogonal axes of the corresponding frame. To account for Earth’s deformations, these coordinates have been commonly modelled as piece-wise linear functions of time which are estimated from space geodetic data under various processing strategies, resulting to the usual type of geodetic frame solutions in terms of station coordinates (at some reference epoch) and constant velocities. Most recently, post-seismic deformation has been added as well in geodetic frame solutions. The requirements of the Earth science community for the accuracy level of such secular TRFs for present-day applications are in the order of 1 mm and 0.1 mm/year, which is not generally achievable at the present time. Improvements in data analysis models, coordinate variation models, optimal estimation procedures and datum definition choices (e.g. NNR conditions) should still be investigated in order to enhance the present positioning accuracy under the “linear” TRF framework. 

Moreover, the consideration of seasonal changes in the station positions due to the effect of geophysical loading signals and other complex tectonic motions has created an additional interest towards the development of “non-linear” TRFs aiming to provide highly accurate coordinates of the quasi-instantaneous positions in a global network. This approach overcomes the limitation of global secular frames which model the average positions over a long time span, yet it creates significant new challenges and open problems that need to be resolved to meet the aforementioned accuracy requirements.

The above considerations provide the motivation for this JSG whose work will be focused to studying and improving the current approaches for the definition and realization of global TRFs from space geodetic data, in support of Earth mapping and monitoring applications. The principal aim is to identify the major issues causing the current internal/external accuracy limitations in global TRF solutions, and to investigate possible ways to overcome them either in the linear or the non-linear modeling framework.

===Objectives===

* To review and compare from the theoretical point of view the current approaches for the definition and realization of global TRFs, including data reduction strategies and frame estimation methodologies.
* To evaluate the distortion caused by hidden datum information within the unconstrained normal equations (NEQs) to combination solutions by the “minimum constraints” approach, and to develop efficient tools enforcing the appropriate rank deficiency in input NEQs when computing TRF solutions.
* To study the role of the 7/14-parameter Helmert transformation model in handling non-linear (non-secular) global frames, as well as to investigate the frame transformation problem in the presence of modeled seasonal variations in the respective coordinates.
* To study theoretical and numerical aspects of the stacking problem, both at the NEQ level and at the coordinate time-series level, with unknown non-linear seasonal terms when estimating a global frame from space geodetic data.
* To compare the aforementioned methodology with other alternative approaches in non-linear frame modeling, such as the computation of high-rate time series of global TRFs.
* To investigate the modeling choices for the datum definition in global TRFs with particular emphasis on the frame orientation and the different types of no-net-rotation (NNR) conditions.

===Program of activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings, promotion of related sessions at international scientific symposia and publication of important findings related to the JSG objectives.
* Proposal for a state-of-art review paper in global frame theory, realization methodologies and open problems, co-authored by the JSG members.
* Organize a related session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Launching a web page with emphasis on exchange of research ideas, recent results, updated bibliographic list of references and relevant publications from other disciplines.

===Membership===

'' '''Christopher Kotsakis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Zuheir Altamimi (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Bevis (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mathis Bloßfeld (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; David Coulot (France) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Gross (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Tom Herring (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schindelegger (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Manuela Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG0.22</title>
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  <title>JSG T.36</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:19:12Z</timestamp>
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  <title>JSG T.37</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <timestamp>2020-06-01T09:19:37Z</timestamp>
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  <title>Final report 2015-19</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="196" xml:space="preserve">The Final Report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2015-19 can be downloaded [[Media:Final_Report_ICCT_2015-19.pdf|here]].</text>
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  <title>Final report 2011-15</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="231" xml:space="preserve">The Final Report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2011-15 can be downloaded [[Media:http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/images/1/19/Final_Report_ICCT_2015-19.pdf|here]].</text>
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    <text bytes="225" xml:space="preserve">The Final Report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2011-15 can be downloaded [[http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/images/1/19/Final_Report_ICCT_2015-19.pdf|here]].</text>
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  <revision>
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    <text bytes="226" xml:space="preserve">The Final Report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2011-15 can be downloaded [[http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/images/1/19/Final_Report_ICCT_2015-19.pdf |here]].</text>
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    <text bytes="219" xml:space="preserve">The Final Report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2011-15 can be downloaded [[Special:Redirect/images/1/19/Final_Report_ICCT_2015-19.pdf|here]].</text>
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  <revision>
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    <text bytes="198" xml:space="preserve">The Final Report of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy covering the period 2011-15 can be downloaded [[Media:ICCT_Final_Report_2011-2015.pdf|here]].</text>
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  <title>File:Final Report ICCT 2015-19.pdf</title>
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  <title>Organization</title>
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    <text bytes="1384" xml:space="preserve">=== Steering comitee ===

'''President:''' ''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vice-President:''' ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Past-President:''' ''Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 1: Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 2: Mirko Reguzzoni	(Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 3: Janusz Bogusz (Poland)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 4: Allison Kealy (Australia)''&lt;br /&gt;
''GGOS: Michael Schmidt (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IGFS: Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IERS: Jürgen Müller (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''IAG: Bofeng Li (China)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IAG: Marcelo Santos (Canada)''&lt;br /&gt;

=== President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Mattia Crespi, PhD.'''
 Geodesy and Geomatics Division
 Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering
 Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering  
 University of Rome "La Sapienza"
 via Eudossiana, 18 
 00184 Roma 
 Italy
 Phone: ++39 06 44585097
 Fax: ++39 0649915097 
 Email: [mailto:mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it]
 https://sites.google.com/a/uniroma1.it/mattiacrespi-eng/</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-09 12:30:54+00|559">
  <title>Study groups</title>
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    <text bytes="2873" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==

[[JSG T.23|'''JSG T.23: Spherical and spheroidal integral formulas of the potential theory for transforming classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák  (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.24|'''JSG T.24: Integration and co-location of space geodetic observations and parameters''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 2, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.25|'''JSG T.25: Combining geodetic and geophysical information for probing Earth’s inner structure and its dynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.26|'''JSG T.26: Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling for realization of the geopotential height datum''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.27|'''JSG T.27: Coupling processes between magnetosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Andres Calabia (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.28|'''JSG T.28: Forward gravity field modelling of known mass distributions''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.29|'''JSG T.29: Machine learning in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Benedikt Soja (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.30|'''JSG T.30: Dynamic modelling of deformation, rotation and gravity field variations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.31|'''JSG T.31: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.32|'''JSG T.32: High-rate GNSS for geoscience and mobility''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.33|'''JSG T.33: Time series analysis in geodesy and geodynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.34|'''JSG T.34: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia) Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.T35|'''JSG T.35: Advanced numerical methods in physical geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 1 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.36|'''JSG T.36: Dense troposphere and ionosphere sounding''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Giorgio Savastano (Luxembourg)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.37|'''JSG T.37: Theory and methods related to combination of high-resolution topographic/bathymetric models in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Daniela Carrion (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>0056ac658f405ef9f40ae3ceb43e2b1b9dd6c0fd</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>606</id>
    <parentid>560</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-10T11:33:05Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Joint Study Groups */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2875" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==

[[JSG T.23|'''JSG T.23: Spherical and spheroidal integral formulas of the potential theory for transforming classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák  (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.24|'''JSG T.24: Integration and co-location of space geodetic observations and parameters''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 2, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.25|'''JSG T.25: Combining geodetic and geophysical information for probing Earth’s inner structure and its dynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.26|'''JSG T.26: Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling for realization of the geopotential height datum''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.27|'''JSG T.27: Coupling processes between magnetosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Andres Calabia (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.28|'''JSG T.28: Forward gravity field modelling of known mass distributions''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.29|'''JSG T.29: Machine learning in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Benedikt Soja (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.30|'''JSG T.30: Dynamic modelling of deformation, rotation and gravity field variations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.31|'''JSG T.31: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.32|'''JSG T.32: High-rate GNSS for geoscience and mobility''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.33|'''JSG T.33: Time series analysis in geodesy and geodynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.34|'''JSG T.34: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia) Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0.T35|'''JSG T.35: Advanced numerical methods in physical geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.36|'''JSG T.36: Dense troposphere and ionosphere sounding''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Giorgio Savastano (Luxembourg)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.37|'''JSG T.37: Theory and methods related to combination of high-resolution topographic/bathymetric models in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Daniela Carrion (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>bec94d0fa5d3a86a9af5acca2dcf01115553694d</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <parentid>606</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-11T12:05:36Z</timestamp>
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      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="2876" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==

[[JSG T.23|'''JSG T.23: Spherical and spheroidal integral formulas of the potential theory for transforming classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák  (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.24|'''JSG T.24: Integration and co-location of space geodetic observations and parameters''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 2, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.25|'''JSG T.25: Combining geodetic and geophysical information for probing Earth’s inner structure and its dynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.26|'''JSG T.26: Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling for realization of the geopotential height datum''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.27|'''JSG T.27: Coupling processes between magnetosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Andres Calabia (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.28|'''JSG T.28: Forward gravity field modelling of known mass distributions''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.29|'''JSG T.29: Machine learning in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Benedikt Soja (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.30|'''JSG T.30: Dynamic modelling of deformation, rotation and gravity field variations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.31|'''JSG T.31: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.32|'''JSG T.32: High-rate GNSS for geoscience and mobility''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.33|'''JSG T.33: Time series analysis in geodesy and geodynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.34|'''JSG T.34: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia) Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG0 T.35|'''JSG T.35: Advanced numerical methods in physical geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.36|'''JSG T.36: Dense troposphere and ionosphere sounding''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Giorgio Savastano (Luxembourg)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.37|'''JSG T.37: Theory and methods related to combination of high-resolution topographic/bathymetric models in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Daniela Carrion (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>0cefeb91258f5756cf2db7aafbf27c00bc3a0396</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>608</id>
    <parentid>607</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-11T12:06:03Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Pendl</username>
      <id>1</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2875" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==

[[JSG T.23|'''JSG T.23: Spherical and spheroidal integral formulas of the potential theory for transforming classical and new gravitational observables''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák  (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.24|'''JSG T.24: Integration and co-location of space geodetic observations and parameters''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 2, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.25|'''JSG T.25: Combining geodetic and geophysical information for probing Earth’s inner structure and its dynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.26|'''JSG T.26: Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling for realization of the geopotential height datum''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.27|'''JSG T.27: Coupling processes between magnetosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Andres Calabia (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.28|'''JSG T.28: Forward gravity field modelling of known mass distributions''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.29|'''JSG T.29: Machine learning in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Benedikt Soja (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.30|'''JSG T.30: Dynamic modelling of deformation, rotation and gravity field variations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.31|'''JSG T.31: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.32|'''JSG T.32: High-rate GNSS for geoscience and mobility''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.33|'''JSG T.33: Time series analysis in geodesy and geodynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.34|'''JSG T.34: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia) Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.35|'''JSG T.35: Advanced numerical methods in physical geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.36|'''JSG T.36: Dense troposphere and ionosphere sounding''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Giorgio Savastano (Luxembourg)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.37|'''JSG T.37: Theory and methods related to combination of high-resolution topographic/bathymetric models in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Daniela Carrion (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>b1f8ff614244142c3162754c574f165faed602de</sha1>
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</page>
<page arvcontinue="2020-06-09 12:30:54+00|559">
  <title>JSG T.38</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>33</id>
  <revision>
    <id>561</id>
    <parentid>504</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-09T12:54:23Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Introduction */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5760" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.23: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of: 
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems, 
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modeling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outliers detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and  integration
* To address the new problems and future challanges arised from the inventories 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RTS, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
    <sha1>8a50d4e31e3924b44516cead44118fde8956f5a9</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>562</id>
    <parentid>561</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-09T12:55:57Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5178" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.23: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

This joint study group plans to:  
** Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
** Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
** Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
** Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
** Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
** Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
** Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
    <sha1>d150b039a9438a162c4d746792ed69e99295a653</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>563</id>
    <parentid>562</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-09T12:56:09Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="5180" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.23: High-rate GNSS'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* This joint study group plans to:  
** Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
** Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
** Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
** Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
** Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
** Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
** Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
    <sha1>23bff007219604cc229961582eaadd9835ae6738</sha1>
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Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

This joint study group plans to:  

** Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
** Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
** Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
** Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
** Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
** Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
** Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
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Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

** Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
** Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
** Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
** Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
** Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
** Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
** Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
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Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by the JSG Members.
* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the  research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS) and engineering (workshops and congresses in structural and geotechnical engineering).

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
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Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* Presenting findings at international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of JSG members and other scientists whose research interests are related to scopes of this JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing a bibliographic list of publications from different branches of the science relevance to scopes of this JSG.

===Members===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Juan Carlos Baez (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Geo Boffi (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Athanasios Dermanis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Jeff Freymueller (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Melvin Hoyer (Venezuela) &lt;br /&gt; Nanthi Nadarajah (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Yusaku Ohta (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ruey-Juin Rau (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Chris Rizos (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''


===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
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Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* Presenting findings at international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of JSG members and other scientists whose research interests are related to scopes of this JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing a bibliographic list of publications from different branches of the science relevance to scopes of this JSG.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sten Claessens (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Vegard Ophaug (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sheng (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong) &lt;br /&gt;''

===Bibliography===

[Biblioraphy [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php/JSG_0.10:_High-rate_GNSS_-_Bibliography]]</text>
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Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* Presenting findings at international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of JSG members and other scientists whose research interests are related to scopes of this JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing a bibliographic list of publications from different branches of the science relevance to scopes of this JSG.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sten Claessens (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Vegard Ophaug (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sheng (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong) &lt;br /&gt;''

===Bibliography===</text>
    <sha1>9a11e3fa87441c49c1c279cadc152ab19e6b48d2</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>584</id>
    <parentid>583</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-10T09:35:45Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="4631" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.23: Spherical and spheroidal integral formulas of the potential theory for transforming classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__
&lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt;
===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* Presenting findings at international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of JSG members and other scientists whose research interests are related to scopes of this JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing a bibliographic list of publications from different branches of the science relevance to scopes of this JSG.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sten Claessens (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Vegard Ophaug (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sheng (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong) &lt;br /&gt;''

===Bibliography===</text>
    <sha1>aa437c357d6131ee98755a1011acf1f8fd1bc105</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2020-06-09 12:30:54+00|559">
  <title>JSG T.24</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>34</id>
  <revision>
    <id>569</id>
    <parentid>508</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-09T13:01:52Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
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    <comment>/* Introduction */</comment>
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    <text bytes="5960" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.24: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Many geodetic parameters can be retrieved using various techniques of space geodesy. For instance, all satellite techniques are sensitive to a geocenter motion and gravity field variations. However, some techniques are affected more by systematic observation errors than other techniques. Earth’s rotation parameters from sub-daily to daily temporal scales can be determined using all techniques of space geodesy with higher or lower accuracy, and with better or worse temporal resolutions. Precise orbits of satellites may be based on a single technique or multiple techniques that shall mitigate system-specific orbital systematic errors.

Recently, a series of satellite missions co-locating different space geodetic techniques has been launched:
* SLR and GNSS: Galileo (all satellites), GLONASS (all satellites), QZSS (all satellites), IRNSS (all satellites), GPS (2 satellites), BeiDou/COMPASS (selected satellites), CHAMP, GRACE-A/B, GOCE, SWARM-A/B/C, ICESat-2, COSMIC-2, Terra-SAR, TanDEM-X, GRACE Follow-On A/B, etc.
* DORIS and SLR: TOPEX/Poseidon, ENVISAT, CRYOSAT-2, SARAL and Jason-1 (after 2009),
* VLBI and SLR: RadioAstron,
* VLBI, SLR, and GNSS: APOD,
* DORIS, GNSS and SLR: Jason-2/3, HY-2A and Sentinel-3A/B, 
* SLR, VLBI, GNSS and DORIS: GRASP and E-GRASP (planned missions).

SLR retroreflectors are passive and relatively cheap devices; thus, they are installed on-board many low- and high-orbiting satellites. Many low-orbiting satellites for ocean monitoring are equipped with DORIS and GNSS receivers for precise orbit determination, and with SLR retroreflectors for the orbit validation. DORIS receivers are installed on many satellites which require precise ephemeris and orbit below 2000 km. Missions dedicated to Earth’s gravity field recovery are typically equipped with GNSS receivers and SLR retroreflectors. Most of the GNSS satellites are equipped with SLR retroreflectors (except for GPS). VLBI telescopes are typically slow as they are dedicated to tracking extra-galactic quasars. Hence, many VLBI telescopes have problems with tracing fast-moving low-orbiting targets that are planned for co-location on-board satellites. However, first experiments using the APOD satellite with a VLBI transmitter and SLR retroreflector was successfully performed in Australia. Unfortunately, the APOD GPS receiver failed soon after the satellite launch which caused some issues with the accuracy of the determined orbit when the number of SLR observations was insufficient.

Despite many LEO satellites equipped with two or three techniques of space geodesy, the full potential of the co-location on-board LEO has not yet been entirely explored in terms of deriving combined geodetic parameters. SLR observations to LEO are typically used only for validation of GPS-based or DORIS-based orbits. SLR observations to LEO and GNSS do not contribute at all to realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System despite GNSS and LEO satellites contributing to GNSS and DORIS solutions, respectively. 

Recently, the International Laser Ranging Service initiated a series of special tracking campaigns dedicated to tracking new LEO and GNSS spacecraft which increased the amount of collected data with a perspective of their full co-location in space. The combination of solutions based on GNSS, SLR, LLR, DORIS and VLBI requires a profound investigation of biases and systematic effects affecting all individual techniques. Neglecting systematic effects may lead to degradation of solutions and to absorption of various systematic effects by global geodetic parameters.

The main goal of this JSG is to investigate methods to combine global geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques of space geodesy with the major focus on those missions capable of co-locating and integrating different observation techniques. We aim at improving quality and reliability of global geodetic parameters and realization of the terrestrial reference system through integration of different microwave techniques with laser techniques. We will also explore benefits emerging from co-locating geodetic techniques on-board low and high-orbiting satellites. We aim at detailed analyses related to system-specific issues and systematic effects emerging from combining different techniques of space geodesy, and at the assessment of their contributions to combined global geodetic parameters.

===Objectives===

* Bibliographical survey and identification of multiresolutional techniques for expressing the gravity field signal of finite distributions.
* Case studies for different geometrical finite shapes.
* Comparison and assessment against existing analytical, numerical and hybrid solutions.
* Computations over finite regions in the frame of classical terrain correction computations.
* Band limited validation against available Earth gravity models.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Michel (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;  Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt;'' 

====Corresponding members====

''Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
    <sha1>305574daef9999a7fc6f80dacf1f604f23a44fbf</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>570</id>
    <parentid>569</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-09T13:02:50Z</timestamp>
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      <id>4</id>
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    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
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    <text bytes="6190" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.24: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Many geodetic parameters can be retrieved using various techniques of space geodesy. For instance, all satellite techniques are sensitive to a geocenter motion and gravity field variations. However, some techniques are affected more by systematic observation errors than other techniques. Earth’s rotation parameters from sub-daily to daily temporal scales can be determined using all techniques of space geodesy with higher or lower accuracy, and with better or worse temporal resolutions. Precise orbits of satellites may be based on a single technique or multiple techniques that shall mitigate system-specific orbital systematic errors.

Recently, a series of satellite missions co-locating different space geodetic techniques has been launched:
* SLR and GNSS: Galileo (all satellites), GLONASS (all satellites), QZSS (all satellites), IRNSS (all satellites), GPS (2 satellites), BeiDou/COMPASS (selected satellites), CHAMP, GRACE-A/B, GOCE, SWARM-A/B/C, ICESat-2, COSMIC-2, Terra-SAR, TanDEM-X, GRACE Follow-On A/B, etc.
* DORIS and SLR: TOPEX/Poseidon, ENVISAT, CRYOSAT-2, SARAL and Jason-1 (after 2009),
* VLBI and SLR: RadioAstron,
* VLBI, SLR, and GNSS: APOD,
* DORIS, GNSS and SLR: Jason-2/3, HY-2A and Sentinel-3A/B, 
* SLR, VLBI, GNSS and DORIS: GRASP and E-GRASP (planned missions).

SLR retroreflectors are passive and relatively cheap devices; thus, they are installed on-board many low- and high-orbiting satellites. Many low-orbiting satellites for ocean monitoring are equipped with DORIS and GNSS receivers for precise orbit determination, and with SLR retroreflectors for the orbit validation. DORIS receivers are installed on many satellites which require precise ephemeris and orbit below 2000 km. Missions dedicated to Earth’s gravity field recovery are typically equipped with GNSS receivers and SLR retroreflectors. Most of the GNSS satellites are equipped with SLR retroreflectors (except for GPS). VLBI telescopes are typically slow as they are dedicated to tracking extra-galactic quasars. Hence, many VLBI telescopes have problems with tracing fast-moving low-orbiting targets that are planned for co-location on-board satellites. However, first experiments using the APOD satellite with a VLBI transmitter and SLR retroreflector was successfully performed in Australia. Unfortunately, the APOD GPS receiver failed soon after the satellite launch which caused some issues with the accuracy of the determined orbit when the number of SLR observations was insufficient.

Despite many LEO satellites equipped with two or three techniques of space geodesy, the full potential of the co-location on-board LEO has not yet been entirely explored in terms of deriving combined geodetic parameters. SLR observations to LEO are typically used only for validation of GPS-based or DORIS-based orbits. SLR observations to LEO and GNSS do not contribute at all to realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System despite GNSS and LEO satellites contributing to GNSS and DORIS solutions, respectively. 

Recently, the International Laser Ranging Service initiated a series of special tracking campaigns dedicated to tracking new LEO and GNSS spacecraft which increased the amount of collected data with a perspective of their full co-location in space. The combination of solutions based on GNSS, SLR, LLR, DORIS and VLBI requires a profound investigation of biases and systematic effects affecting all individual techniques. Neglecting systematic effects may lead to degradation of solutions and to absorption of various systematic effects by global geodetic parameters.

The main goal of this JSG is to investigate methods to combine global geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques of space geodesy with the major focus on those missions capable of co-locating and integrating different observation techniques. We aim at improving quality and reliability of global geodetic parameters and realization of the terrestrial reference system through integration of different microwave techniques with laser techniques. We will also explore benefits emerging from co-locating geodetic techniques on-board low and high-orbiting satellites. We aim at detailed analyses related to system-specific issues and systematic effects emerging from combining different techniques of space geodesy, and at the assessment of their contributions to combined global geodetic parameters.

===Objectives===

* Determination of global geodetic parameters using combined space geodetic observations. 
* Determination of geocentre motion from: SLR observations to passive and active satellites, DORIS, Galileo, GPS, GLONASS, and BeiDou or possibly also VLBI (using inverse methods).
* Separation of geophysical signals in the geocentre motion from the technique-specific and system-specific errors, employing the co-location in space between SLR and GNSS using Galileo, BeiDou, and GLONASS satellites for deriving common parameters.
* Analysis of potential usability of SLR observations to active LEO satellites together with GNSS and DORIS data for deriving global geodetic parameters.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Michel (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;  Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt;'' 

====Corresponding members====

''Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
    <sha1>ae903b0258ceabfef6c4a6a362b93d1e60fab0e8</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>571</id>
    <parentid>570</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-09T13:03:41Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Objectives */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="7653" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.24: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Many geodetic parameters can be retrieved using various techniques of space geodesy. For instance, all satellite techniques are sensitive to a geocenter motion and gravity field variations. However, some techniques are affected more by systematic observation errors than other techniques. Earth’s rotation parameters from sub-daily to daily temporal scales can be determined using all techniques of space geodesy with higher or lower accuracy, and with better or worse temporal resolutions. Precise orbits of satellites may be based on a single technique or multiple techniques that shall mitigate system-specific orbital systematic errors.

Recently, a series of satellite missions co-locating different space geodetic techniques has been launched:
* SLR and GNSS: Galileo (all satellites), GLONASS (all satellites), QZSS (all satellites), IRNSS (all satellites), GPS (2 satellites), BeiDou/COMPASS (selected satellites), CHAMP, GRACE-A/B, GOCE, SWARM-A/B/C, ICESat-2, COSMIC-2, Terra-SAR, TanDEM-X, GRACE Follow-On A/B, etc.
* DORIS and SLR: TOPEX/Poseidon, ENVISAT, CRYOSAT-2, SARAL and Jason-1 (after 2009),
* VLBI and SLR: RadioAstron,
* VLBI, SLR, and GNSS: APOD,
* DORIS, GNSS and SLR: Jason-2/3, HY-2A and Sentinel-3A/B, 
* SLR, VLBI, GNSS and DORIS: GRASP and E-GRASP (planned missions).

SLR retroreflectors are passive and relatively cheap devices; thus, they are installed on-board many low- and high-orbiting satellites. Many low-orbiting satellites for ocean monitoring are equipped with DORIS and GNSS receivers for precise orbit determination, and with SLR retroreflectors for the orbit validation. DORIS receivers are installed on many satellites which require precise ephemeris and orbit below 2000 km. Missions dedicated to Earth’s gravity field recovery are typically equipped with GNSS receivers and SLR retroreflectors. Most of the GNSS satellites are equipped with SLR retroreflectors (except for GPS). VLBI telescopes are typically slow as they are dedicated to tracking extra-galactic quasars. Hence, many VLBI telescopes have problems with tracing fast-moving low-orbiting targets that are planned for co-location on-board satellites. However, first experiments using the APOD satellite with a VLBI transmitter and SLR retroreflector was successfully performed in Australia. Unfortunately, the APOD GPS receiver failed soon after the satellite launch which caused some issues with the accuracy of the determined orbit when the number of SLR observations was insufficient.

Despite many LEO satellites equipped with two or three techniques of space geodesy, the full potential of the co-location on-board LEO has not yet been entirely explored in terms of deriving combined geodetic parameters. SLR observations to LEO are typically used only for validation of GPS-based or DORIS-based orbits. SLR observations to LEO and GNSS do not contribute at all to realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System despite GNSS and LEO satellites contributing to GNSS and DORIS solutions, respectively. 

Recently, the International Laser Ranging Service initiated a series of special tracking campaigns dedicated to tracking new LEO and GNSS spacecraft which increased the amount of collected data with a perspective of their full co-location in space. The combination of solutions based on GNSS, SLR, LLR, DORIS and VLBI requires a profound investigation of biases and systematic effects affecting all individual techniques. Neglecting systematic effects may lead to degradation of solutions and to absorption of various systematic effects by global geodetic parameters.

The main goal of this JSG is to investigate methods to combine global geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques of space geodesy with the major focus on those missions capable of co-locating and integrating different observation techniques. We aim at improving quality and reliability of global geodetic parameters and realization of the terrestrial reference system through integration of different microwave techniques with laser techniques. We will also explore benefits emerging from co-locating geodetic techniques on-board low and high-orbiting satellites. We aim at detailed analyses related to system-specific issues and systematic effects emerging from combining different techniques of space geodesy, and at the assessment of their contributions to combined global geodetic parameters.

===Objectives===

* Determination of global geodetic parameters using combined space geodetic observations. 
* Determination of geocentre motion from: SLR observations to passive and active satellites, DORIS, Galileo, GPS, GLONASS, and BeiDou or possibly also VLBI (using inverse methods).
* Separation of geophysical signals in the geocentre motion from the technique-specific and system-specific errors, employing the co-location in space between SLR and GNSS using Galileo, BeiDou, and GLONASS satellites for deriving common parameters.
* Analysis of potential usability of SLR observations to active LEO satellites together with GNSS and DORIS data for deriving global geodetic parameters.
* Analysis of daily pole coordinates and of length-of-day variations using combined SLR and microwave observations to different GNSS and LEO satellites with DORIS receivers, and the comparison with respect to LLR and VLBI results.
* Determination of sub-daily Earth’s rotation parameters from VLBI, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and SLR observations to LEO and geodetic satellites.
* Precise orbit determination of LEO and GNSS satellites using combined SLR and microwave observations – GNSS and DORIS.
* Estimation of geodetic parameters using GNSS employing time-variable gravity field models derived from SLR, active LEOs and GRACE. Assessment of the vulnerability of satellite orbits to low-degree Earth’s gravity field depending on the satellite heights.
* Homogenization of tropospheric delay models for co-located space geodetic stations. Separation of the wet and hydrostatic tropospheric delay; analysis of the horizontal gradients for optical and microwave techniques.
* Combination of SLR observations to various LEO missions: Sentinel-3A/3B, GRACE, GRACE-FO, GOCE, SWARM-A/B/C, Jason-2/3 to realize the terrestrial reference frames.
* Determination of time-variable low-degree gravity field using SLR observation to passive geodetic satellites and GNSS-based orbits of LEO satellites to fill a gap between GRACE and GRACE-FO missions,
* Estimation of Earth’s rotation parameters by combining LLR, SLR and GNSS, and their comparison with VLBI results.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic meetings.
* Organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium.
* Compile a bibliography with key publications both on theory and applied case studies.
* Collaborate with other working groups and affiliated IAG Commissions.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Michel (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;  Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt;'' 

====Corresponding members====

''Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
    <sha1>a398b492d63edc1465c26a7f6e048c584bfbf09b</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>572</id>
    <parentid>571</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-09T13:04:23Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Program of Activities */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8186" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.24: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Many geodetic parameters can be retrieved using various techniques of space geodesy. For instance, all satellite techniques are sensitive to a geocenter motion and gravity field variations. However, some techniques are affected more by systematic observation errors than other techniques. Earth’s rotation parameters from sub-daily to daily temporal scales can be determined using all techniques of space geodesy with higher or lower accuracy, and with better or worse temporal resolutions. Precise orbits of satellites may be based on a single technique or multiple techniques that shall mitigate system-specific orbital systematic errors.

Recently, a series of satellite missions co-locating different space geodetic techniques has been launched:
* SLR and GNSS: Galileo (all satellites), GLONASS (all satellites), QZSS (all satellites), IRNSS (all satellites), GPS (2 satellites), BeiDou/COMPASS (selected satellites), CHAMP, GRACE-A/B, GOCE, SWARM-A/B/C, ICESat-2, COSMIC-2, Terra-SAR, TanDEM-X, GRACE Follow-On A/B, etc.
* DORIS and SLR: TOPEX/Poseidon, ENVISAT, CRYOSAT-2, SARAL and Jason-1 (after 2009),
* VLBI and SLR: RadioAstron,
* VLBI, SLR, and GNSS: APOD,
* DORIS, GNSS and SLR: Jason-2/3, HY-2A and Sentinel-3A/B, 
* SLR, VLBI, GNSS and DORIS: GRASP and E-GRASP (planned missions).

SLR retroreflectors are passive and relatively cheap devices; thus, they are installed on-board many low- and high-orbiting satellites. Many low-orbiting satellites for ocean monitoring are equipped with DORIS and GNSS receivers for precise orbit determination, and with SLR retroreflectors for the orbit validation. DORIS receivers are installed on many satellites which require precise ephemeris and orbit below 2000 km. Missions dedicated to Earth’s gravity field recovery are typically equipped with GNSS receivers and SLR retroreflectors. Most of the GNSS satellites are equipped with SLR retroreflectors (except for GPS). VLBI telescopes are typically slow as they are dedicated to tracking extra-galactic quasars. Hence, many VLBI telescopes have problems with tracing fast-moving low-orbiting targets that are planned for co-location on-board satellites. However, first experiments using the APOD satellite with a VLBI transmitter and SLR retroreflector was successfully performed in Australia. Unfortunately, the APOD GPS receiver failed soon after the satellite launch which caused some issues with the accuracy of the determined orbit when the number of SLR observations was insufficient.

Despite many LEO satellites equipped with two or three techniques of space geodesy, the full potential of the co-location on-board LEO has not yet been entirely explored in terms of deriving combined geodetic parameters. SLR observations to LEO are typically used only for validation of GPS-based or DORIS-based orbits. SLR observations to LEO and GNSS do not contribute at all to realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System despite GNSS and LEO satellites contributing to GNSS and DORIS solutions, respectively. 

Recently, the International Laser Ranging Service initiated a series of special tracking campaigns dedicated to tracking new LEO and GNSS spacecraft which increased the amount of collected data with a perspective of their full co-location in space. The combination of solutions based on GNSS, SLR, LLR, DORIS and VLBI requires a profound investigation of biases and systematic effects affecting all individual techniques. Neglecting systematic effects may lead to degradation of solutions and to absorption of various systematic effects by global geodetic parameters.

The main goal of this JSG is to investigate methods to combine global geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques of space geodesy with the major focus on those missions capable of co-locating and integrating different observation techniques. We aim at improving quality and reliability of global geodetic parameters and realization of the terrestrial reference system through integration of different microwave techniques with laser techniques. We will also explore benefits emerging from co-locating geodetic techniques on-board low and high-orbiting satellites. We aim at detailed analyses related to system-specific issues and systematic effects emerging from combining different techniques of space geodesy, and at the assessment of their contributions to combined global geodetic parameters.

===Objectives===

* Determination of global geodetic parameters using combined space geodetic observations. 
* Determination of geocentre motion from: SLR observations to passive and active satellites, DORIS, Galileo, GPS, GLONASS, and BeiDou or possibly also VLBI (using inverse methods).
* Separation of geophysical signals in the geocentre motion from the technique-specific and system-specific errors, employing the co-location in space between SLR and GNSS using Galileo, BeiDou, and GLONASS satellites for deriving common parameters.
* Analysis of potential usability of SLR observations to active LEO satellites together with GNSS and DORIS data for deriving global geodetic parameters.
* Analysis of daily pole coordinates and of length-of-day variations using combined SLR and microwave observations to different GNSS and LEO satellites with DORIS receivers, and the comparison with respect to LLR and VLBI results.
* Determination of sub-daily Earth’s rotation parameters from VLBI, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and SLR observations to LEO and geodetic satellites.
* Precise orbit determination of LEO and GNSS satellites using combined SLR and microwave observations – GNSS and DORIS.
* Estimation of geodetic parameters using GNSS employing time-variable gravity field models derived from SLR, active LEOs and GRACE. Assessment of the vulnerability of satellite orbits to low-degree Earth’s gravity field depending on the satellite heights.
* Homogenization of tropospheric delay models for co-located space geodetic stations. Separation of the wet and hydrostatic tropospheric delay; analysis of the horizontal gradients for optical and microwave techniques.
* Combination of SLR observations to various LEO missions: Sentinel-3A/3B, GRACE, GRACE-FO, GOCE, SWARM-A/B/C, Jason-2/3 to realize the terrestrial reference frames.
* Determination of time-variable low-degree gravity field using SLR observation to passive geodetic satellites and GNSS-based orbits of LEO satellites to fill a gap between GRACE and GRACE-FO missions,
* Estimation of Earth’s rotation parameters by combining LLR, SLR and GNSS, and their comparison with VLBI results.

===Program of Activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the current integration of techniques and finalized co-location in space experiments.
* To open a web page with information concerning the co-location in space, the combination of global geodetic parameters and the exchange of ideas, provision and updating the bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different combination centers.
* To launch a proposal for two state-of-the-art review papers on co-location on-board LEO and GNSS and combination of global geodetic parameters co-authored by JSG members.
* To organize a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the research results at international symposia both related to Earth science, e.g., IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS and ILRS.

===Members===

'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;Katrin Bentel (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Grazia D'Urso (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Wolfgang Keller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christopher Kotsakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Michel (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;  Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Clément Roussel (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sideris (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt;'' 

====Corresponding members====

''Christopher Jekeli (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Frederik Simons (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Nico Sneeuw (Germany)''</text>
    <sha1>ae47073aade3f91c761c2022b62f70e414b0c6ad</sha1>
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    <id>573</id>
    <parentid>572</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-09T13:07:22Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
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    <text bytes="8065" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.24: Multiresolutional aspects of potential field theory'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Comm. 2, 3 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Many geodetic parameters can be retrieved using various techniques of space geodesy. For instance, all satellite techniques are sensitive to a geocenter motion and gravity field variations. However, some techniques are affected more by systematic observation errors than other techniques. Earth’s rotation parameters from sub-daily to daily temporal scales can be determined using all techniques of space geodesy with higher or lower accuracy, and with better or worse temporal resolutions. Precise orbits of satellites may be based on a single technique or multiple techniques that shall mitigate system-specific orbital systematic errors.

Recently, a series of satellite missions co-locating different space geodetic techniques has been launched:
* SLR and GNSS: Galileo (all satellites), GLONASS (all satellites), QZSS (all satellites), IRNSS (all satellites), GPS (2 satellites), BeiDou/COMPASS (selected satellites), CHAMP, GRACE-A/B, GOCE, SWARM-A/B/C, ICESat-2, COSMIC-2, Terra-SAR, TanDEM-X, GRACE Follow-On A/B, etc.
* DORIS and SLR: TOPEX/Poseidon, ENVISAT, CRYOSAT-2, SARAL and Jason-1 (after 2009),
* VLBI and SLR: RadioAstron,
* VLBI, SLR, and GNSS: APOD,
* DORIS, GNSS and SLR: Jason-2/3, HY-2A and Sentinel-3A/B, 
* SLR, VLBI, GNSS and DORIS: GRASP and E-GRASP (planned missions).

SLR retroreflectors are passive and relatively cheap devices; thus, they are installed on-board many low- and high-orbiting satellites. Many low-orbiting satellites for ocean monitoring are equipped with DORIS and GNSS receivers for precise orbit determination, and with SLR retroreflectors for the orbit validation. DORIS receivers are installed on many satellites which require precise ephemeris and orbit below 2000 km. Missions dedicated to Earth’s gravity field recovery are typically equipped with GNSS receivers and SLR retroreflectors. Most of the GNSS satellites are equipped with SLR retroreflectors (except for GPS). VLBI telescopes are typically slow as they are dedicated to tracking extra-galactic quasars. Hence, many VLBI telescopes have problems with tracing fast-moving low-orbiting targets that are planned for co-location on-board satellites. However, first experiments using the APOD satellite with a VLBI transmitter and SLR retroreflector was successfully performed in Australia. Unfortunately, the APOD GPS receiver failed soon after the satellite launch which caused some issues with the accuracy of the determined orbit when the number of SLR observations was insufficient.

Despite many LEO satellites equipped with two or three techniques of space geodesy, the full potential of the co-location on-board LEO has not yet been entirely explored in terms of deriving combined geodetic parameters. SLR observations to LEO are typically used only for validation of GPS-based or DORIS-based orbits. SLR observations to LEO and GNSS do not contribute at all to realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System despite GNSS and LEO satellites contributing to GNSS and DORIS solutions, respectively. 

Recently, the International Laser Ranging Service initiated a series of special tracking campaigns dedicated to tracking new LEO and GNSS spacecraft which increased the amount of collected data with a perspective of their full co-location in space. The combination of solutions based on GNSS, SLR, LLR, DORIS and VLBI requires a profound investigation of biases and systematic effects affecting all individual techniques. Neglecting systematic effects may lead to degradation of solutions and to absorption of various systematic effects by global geodetic parameters.

The main goal of this JSG is to investigate methods to combine global geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques of space geodesy with the major focus on those missions capable of co-locating and integrating different observation techniques. We aim at improving quality and reliability of global geodetic parameters and realization of the terrestrial reference system through integration of different microwave techniques with laser techniques. We will also explore benefits emerging from co-locating geodetic techniques on-board low and high-orbiting satellites. We aim at detailed analyses related to system-specific issues and systematic effects emerging from combining different techniques of space geodesy, and at the assessment of their contributions to combined global geodetic parameters.

===Objectives===

* Determination of global geodetic parameters using combined space geodetic observations. 
* Determination of geocentre motion from: SLR observations to passive and active satellites, DORIS, Galileo, GPS, GLONASS, and BeiDou or possibly also VLBI (using inverse methods).
* Separation of geophysical signals in the geocentre motion from the technique-specific and system-specific errors, employing the co-location in space between SLR and GNSS using Galileo, BeiDou, and GLONASS satellites for deriving common parameters.
* Analysis of potential usability of SLR observations to active LEO satellites together with GNSS and DORIS data for deriving global geodetic parameters.
* Analysis of daily pole coordinates and of length-of-day variations using combined SLR and microwave observations to different GNSS and LEO satellites with DORIS receivers, and the comparison with respect to LLR and VLBI results.
* Determination of sub-daily Earth’s rotation parameters from VLBI, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and SLR observations to LEO and geodetic satellites.
* Precise orbit determination of LEO and GNSS satellites using combined SLR and microwave observations – GNSS and DORIS.
* Estimation of geodetic parameters using GNSS employing time-variable gravity field models derived from SLR, active LEOs and GRACE. Assessment of the vulnerability of satellite orbits to low-degree Earth’s gravity field depending on the satellite heights.
* Homogenization of tropospheric delay models for co-located space geodetic stations. Separation of the wet and hydrostatic tropospheric delay; analysis of the horizontal gradients for optical and microwave techniques.
* Combination of SLR observations to various LEO missions: Sentinel-3A/3B, GRACE, GRACE-FO, GOCE, SWARM-A/B/C, Jason-2/3 to realize the terrestrial reference frames.
* Determination of time-variable low-degree gravity field using SLR observation to passive geodetic satellites and GNSS-based orbits of LEO satellites to fill a gap between GRACE and GRACE-FO missions,
* Estimation of Earth’s rotation parameters by combining LLR, SLR and GNSS, and their comparison with VLBI results.

===Program of Activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the current integration of techniques and finalized co-location in space experiments.
* To open a web page with information concerning the co-location in space, the combination of global geodetic parameters and the exchange of ideas, provision and updating the bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different combination centers.
* To launch a proposal for two state-of-the-art review papers on co-location on-board LEO and GNSS and combination of global geodetic parameters co-authored by JSG members.
* To organize a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the research results at international symposia both related to Earth science, e.g., IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS and ILRS.

===Members===

'' '''Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Mathis Blossfeld (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Janina Boisits (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Grzegorz Bury (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Florian Dilssner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Susanne Glaser (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Toshimichi Otsubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Erik Schnoemann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Dariusz Strugarek (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Daniela Thaller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Tzu-Pang Tseng (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Radosław Zajdel (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Julian Zeitlhöfler (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>4dd517cc651039b31b6811c13dcb66ffc50a2478</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>585</id>
    <parentid>573</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-10T09:37:05Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="8099" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.24: Integration and co-location of space geodetic observations and parameters'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 2, 3 and 4,GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Many geodetic parameters can be retrieved using various techniques of space geodesy. For instance, all satellite techniques are sensitive to a geocenter motion and gravity field variations. However, some techniques are affected more by systematic observation errors than other techniques. Earth’s rotation parameters from sub-daily to daily temporal scales can be determined using all techniques of space geodesy with higher or lower accuracy, and with better or worse temporal resolutions. Precise orbits of satellites may be based on a single technique or multiple techniques that shall mitigate system-specific orbital systematic errors.

Recently, a series of satellite missions co-locating different space geodetic techniques has been launched:
* SLR and GNSS: Galileo (all satellites), GLONASS (all satellites), QZSS (all satellites), IRNSS (all satellites), GPS (2 satellites), BeiDou/COMPASS (selected satellites), CHAMP, GRACE-A/B, GOCE, SWARM-A/B/C, ICESat-2, COSMIC-2, Terra-SAR, TanDEM-X, GRACE Follow-On A/B, etc.
* DORIS and SLR: TOPEX/Poseidon, ENVISAT, CRYOSAT-2, SARAL and Jason-1 (after 2009),
* VLBI and SLR: RadioAstron,
* VLBI, SLR, and GNSS: APOD,
* DORIS, GNSS and SLR: Jason-2/3, HY-2A and Sentinel-3A/B, 
* SLR, VLBI, GNSS and DORIS: GRASP and E-GRASP (planned missions).

SLR retroreflectors are passive and relatively cheap devices; thus, they are installed on-board many low- and high-orbiting satellites. Many low-orbiting satellites for ocean monitoring are equipped with DORIS and GNSS receivers for precise orbit determination, and with SLR retroreflectors for the orbit validation. DORIS receivers are installed on many satellites which require precise ephemeris and orbit below 2000 km. Missions dedicated to Earth’s gravity field recovery are typically equipped with GNSS receivers and SLR retroreflectors. Most of the GNSS satellites are equipped with SLR retroreflectors (except for GPS). VLBI telescopes are typically slow as they are dedicated to tracking extra-galactic quasars. Hence, many VLBI telescopes have problems with tracing fast-moving low-orbiting targets that are planned for co-location on-board satellites. However, first experiments using the APOD satellite with a VLBI transmitter and SLR retroreflector was successfully performed in Australia. Unfortunately, the APOD GPS receiver failed soon after the satellite launch which caused some issues with the accuracy of the determined orbit when the number of SLR observations was insufficient.

Despite many LEO satellites equipped with two or three techniques of space geodesy, the full potential of the co-location on-board LEO has not yet been entirely explored in terms of deriving combined geodetic parameters. SLR observations to LEO are typically used only for validation of GPS-based or DORIS-based orbits. SLR observations to LEO and GNSS do not contribute at all to realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System despite GNSS and LEO satellites contributing to GNSS and DORIS solutions, respectively. 

Recently, the International Laser Ranging Service initiated a series of special tracking campaigns dedicated to tracking new LEO and GNSS spacecraft which increased the amount of collected data with a perspective of their full co-location in space. The combination of solutions based on GNSS, SLR, LLR, DORIS and VLBI requires a profound investigation of biases and systematic effects affecting all individual techniques. Neglecting systematic effects may lead to degradation of solutions and to absorption of various systematic effects by global geodetic parameters.

The main goal of this JSG is to investigate methods to combine global geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques of space geodesy with the major focus on those missions capable of co-locating and integrating different observation techniques. We aim at improving quality and reliability of global geodetic parameters and realization of the terrestrial reference system through integration of different microwave techniques with laser techniques. We will also explore benefits emerging from co-locating geodetic techniques on-board low and high-orbiting satellites. We aim at detailed analyses related to system-specific issues and systematic effects emerging from combining different techniques of space geodesy, and at the assessment of their contributions to combined global geodetic parameters.

===Objectives===

* Determination of global geodetic parameters using combined space geodetic observations. 
* Determination of geocentre motion from: SLR observations to passive and active satellites, DORIS, Galileo, GPS, GLONASS, and BeiDou or possibly also VLBI (using inverse methods).
* Separation of geophysical signals in the geocentre motion from the technique-specific and system-specific errors, employing the co-location in space between SLR and GNSS using Galileo, BeiDou, and GLONASS satellites for deriving common parameters.
* Analysis of potential usability of SLR observations to active LEO satellites together with GNSS and DORIS data for deriving global geodetic parameters.
* Analysis of daily pole coordinates and of length-of-day variations using combined SLR and microwave observations to different GNSS and LEO satellites with DORIS receivers, and the comparison with respect to LLR and VLBI results.
* Determination of sub-daily Earth’s rotation parameters from VLBI, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and SLR observations to LEO and geodetic satellites.
* Precise orbit determination of LEO and GNSS satellites using combined SLR and microwave observations – GNSS and DORIS.
* Estimation of geodetic parameters using GNSS employing time-variable gravity field models derived from SLR, active LEOs and GRACE. Assessment of the vulnerability of satellite orbits to low-degree Earth’s gravity field depending on the satellite heights.
* Homogenization of tropospheric delay models for co-located space geodetic stations. Separation of the wet and hydrostatic tropospheric delay; analysis of the horizontal gradients for optical and microwave techniques.
* Combination of SLR observations to various LEO missions: Sentinel-3A/3B, GRACE, GRACE-FO, GOCE, SWARM-A/B/C, Jason-2/3 to realize the terrestrial reference frames.
* Determination of time-variable low-degree gravity field using SLR observation to passive geodetic satellites and GNSS-based orbits of LEO satellites to fill a gap between GRACE and GRACE-FO missions,
* Estimation of Earth’s rotation parameters by combining LLR, SLR and GNSS, and their comparison with VLBI results.

===Program of Activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the current integration of techniques and finalized co-location in space experiments.
* To open a web page with information concerning the co-location in space, the combination of global geodetic parameters and the exchange of ideas, provision and updating the bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different combination centers.
* To launch a proposal for two state-of-the-art review papers on co-location on-board LEO and GNSS and combination of global geodetic parameters co-authored by JSG members.
* To organize a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* To promote sessions and presentation of the research results at international symposia both related to Earth science, e.g., IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS and ILRS.

===Members===

'' '''Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Mathis Blossfeld (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Janina Boisits (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Grzegorz Bury (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Florian Dilssner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Susanne Glaser (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Toshimichi Otsubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Erik Schnoemann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Dariusz Strugarek (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Daniela Thaller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Tzu-Pang Tseng (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Radosław Zajdel (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Julian Zeitlhöfler (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>bf451029ca7ae45c930d7ea6a5fc4201bd90c357</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-09 12:30:54+00|559">
  <title>JSG T.25</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>35</id>
  <revision>
    <id>574</id>
    <parentid>513</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-09T13:09:08Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Introduction */</comment>
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    <text bytes="7474" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.25: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The seismic tomography is primarily used to provide images of the Earth’s inner structure based on the analysis of seismic waves due to earthquakes and (controlled) explosions. This technique involves several different methods for processing P-, S- and surface waves on the principle of solving inverse problems for finding locations of reflection and refraction of wave pathways in order to create topographic models. In this way, 3D models of P- and S-wave seismic velocity anomalies are obtained which can be interpreted as structural, thermal or compositional variations inside the Earth. Focusing on the Earth’s density structure, the conversion between seismic velocities and mass densities are adopted to construct regional or global seismic density models of the crust and the mantle. Two major limiting aspects restrict possibilities of recovering Earth’s density structure realistically. The first one is practical. Since active seismic experiments are relatively expensive, large parts of the world are not yet covered sufficiently by seismic surveys, most remarkably most of world’s oceans as well as remote parts of Antarctica, Greenland, Africa and South America. The other aspect is of a theoretical nature. The determination of mass density from seismic data could be ambiguous while affected by many uncertainties, meaning that the relationship between seismic velocities and mass densities is not unique. Actually, the density structure inside the Earth is controlled by many factors such a thermal state or mineral composition. 

Gravity data has been used to interpolate the information about the Earth’s density structure (or density interfaces) where seismic data coverage is uneven or sparse. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in conjunction with its partners from around the world has begun to develop a new global gravitational model, EGM2020, which should be released to public in 2020. EGM2020 should significantly improve the accuracy (as well as the actual resolution) of the global Earth’s gravity field. This will be achieved by incorporating new data sources and procedures. Updated satellite gravity information from the GOCE and GRACE missions will better support the lower harmonics, globally. Multiple new acquisitions (terrestrial, airborne and shipborne) of gravimetric data over specific regions, will provide improved global coverage and resolution over the land as well as for coastal and some oceanic areas. Ongoing accumulation of satellite altimetry data will contribute to refinement and accuracy improvement of the marine gravity field, most notably in polar and near-coastal regions. A significant improvement is also anticipated over large remote regions in Africa, South America, Greenland and Antarctica. EGM2020 will provide opportunities to improve the current knowledge about the Earth’s inner structure and processes particularly in regions with a low seismic data coverage. Gravimetric interpretation of the Earth’s inner density structure is, however, a non-unique problem because infinity many density configurations could be attributed just to the one gravity field solution. Moreover, the gravity inversion is (in a broader mathematical context) an ill-posed problem. 

To overcome partially theoretical deficiencies and practical restrictions of both, seismic and gravimetric methods for the recovery of the Earth’s inner density structure, techniques for a combined or constrained inversions of gravity and seismic data are optimally applied, while incorporating additional geophysical, geological and geodynamic constraints. Many such methods already exist or could be developed and further improved within the framework of scientific activities of members of this (multidisciplinary) study group over the next four years. This is achievable, given their expertise in the field of geodesy, geophysics, mathematics and to some extent also geology. 
We expect that our research activities will substantially contribute to the current knowledge of the lithospheric structure, focusing on continental regions of Africa and South America and other continents where seismic data are sparse. Our ongoing research already involves Antarctica and central part of Eurasia. Moreover, a special attention will be given to study the lithospheric structure beneath the Indian Ocean, which is probably the most complex, but the least understood. Despite the lithosphere is the most heterogeneous layer inside the Earth, large lateral structural irregularities are still present even deeper within the mantle below the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary that are mainly attributed to the mantle convection pattern. The combined gravity and seismic data will be exploited in order to improve existing global or continental-scale mantle density models. A further improvement of the knowledge on the Earth’s inner structure is important, among many other subjects, also for a better understanding of the response of the lithosphere to the mantle convection. This involves numerous study topic, including but not limited to the compensation stage of the crust/lithosphere, the lithospheric strength, mechanisms behind the oceanic subduction, the relation between the mantle convection pattern and the global tectonic configuration (and its spatio-temporal variations), the glacial isostatic adjustment, volcanic processes, or geo-hazard. The members of this study group will address some of these aspects within the following overall objectives.

===Objectives===

The main objectives of the study group are as follows:
* to develop algorithms for detailed discretization of the real Earth’s surface including the possibility of adaptive refinement procedures,
* to create unstructured meshes above the topography for the FVM or FEM approach,
* to develop the FVM, BEM or FEM numerical models for solving the geodetic BVPs that will treat the oblique derivative problem,
* to develop numerical models based on MFS or SBM for processing the GOCE observations,
* to develop parallel implementations of algorithms using the standard MPI procedures,
* to perform large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory,
* to investigate and develop methods for nonlinear diffusion filtering of data on the Earth’s surface where the diffusivity coefficients depend on a combination of the edge detector and a mean curvature of the filtered function,
* to derive the semi-implicit numerical schemes for the nonlinear diffusion equation on closed surfaces using the surface FVM,
* and to apply the developed nonlinear filtering methods to real geodetic data.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic workshops and conferences. 
* Organization of group working meetings at main international symposia.
* Organization of conference sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair &lt;br /&gt; Karol Mikula (Slovakia), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Jan Martin Brockmann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Walyeldeen Godah (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Kollár (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Zuzana Minarechová (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wolf-Dieter Schuh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <id>575</id>
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      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
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    <text bytes="7223" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.25: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The seismic tomography is primarily used to provide images of the Earth’s inner structure based on the analysis of seismic waves due to earthquakes and (controlled) explosions. This technique involves several different methods for processing P-, S- and surface waves on the principle of solving inverse problems for finding locations of reflection and refraction of wave pathways in order to create topographic models. In this way, 3D models of P- and S-wave seismic velocity anomalies are obtained which can be interpreted as structural, thermal or compositional variations inside the Earth. Focusing on the Earth’s density structure, the conversion between seismic velocities and mass densities are adopted to construct regional or global seismic density models of the crust and the mantle. Two major limiting aspects restrict possibilities of recovering Earth’s density structure realistically. The first one is practical. Since active seismic experiments are relatively expensive, large parts of the world are not yet covered sufficiently by seismic surveys, most remarkably most of world’s oceans as well as remote parts of Antarctica, Greenland, Africa and South America. The other aspect is of a theoretical nature. The determination of mass density from seismic data could be ambiguous while affected by many uncertainties, meaning that the relationship between seismic velocities and mass densities is not unique. Actually, the density structure inside the Earth is controlled by many factors such a thermal state or mineral composition. 

Gravity data has been used to interpolate the information about the Earth’s density structure (or density interfaces) where seismic data coverage is uneven or sparse. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in conjunction with its partners from around the world has begun to develop a new global gravitational model, EGM2020, which should be released to public in 2020. EGM2020 should significantly improve the accuracy (as well as the actual resolution) of the global Earth’s gravity field. This will be achieved by incorporating new data sources and procedures. Updated satellite gravity information from the GOCE and GRACE missions will better support the lower harmonics, globally. Multiple new acquisitions (terrestrial, airborne and shipborne) of gravimetric data over specific regions, will provide improved global coverage and resolution over the land as well as for coastal and some oceanic areas. Ongoing accumulation of satellite altimetry data will contribute to refinement and accuracy improvement of the marine gravity field, most notably in polar and near-coastal regions. A significant improvement is also anticipated over large remote regions in Africa, South America, Greenland and Antarctica. EGM2020 will provide opportunities to improve the current knowledge about the Earth’s inner structure and processes particularly in regions with a low seismic data coverage. Gravimetric interpretation of the Earth’s inner density structure is, however, a non-unique problem because infinity many density configurations could be attributed just to the one gravity field solution. Moreover, the gravity inversion is (in a broader mathematical context) an ill-posed problem. 

To overcome partially theoretical deficiencies and practical restrictions of both, seismic and gravimetric methods for the recovery of the Earth’s inner density structure, techniques for a combined or constrained inversions of gravity and seismic data are optimally applied, while incorporating additional geophysical, geological and geodynamic constraints. Many such methods already exist or could be developed and further improved within the framework of scientific activities of members of this (multidisciplinary) study group over the next four years. This is achievable, given their expertise in the field of geodesy, geophysics, mathematics and to some extent also geology. 
We expect that our research activities will substantially contribute to the current knowledge of the lithospheric structure, focusing on continental regions of Africa and South America and other continents where seismic data are sparse. Our ongoing research already involves Antarctica and central part of Eurasia. Moreover, a special attention will be given to study the lithospheric structure beneath the Indian Ocean, which is probably the most complex, but the least understood. Despite the lithosphere is the most heterogeneous layer inside the Earth, large lateral structural irregularities are still present even deeper within the mantle below the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary that are mainly attributed to the mantle convection pattern. The combined gravity and seismic data will be exploited in order to improve existing global or continental-scale mantle density models. A further improvement of the knowledge on the Earth’s inner structure is important, among many other subjects, also for a better understanding of the response of the lithosphere to the mantle convection. This involves numerous study topic, including but not limited to the compensation stage of the crust/lithosphere, the lithospheric strength, mechanisms behind the oceanic subduction, the relation between the mantle convection pattern and the global tectonic configuration (and its spatio-temporal variations), the glacial isostatic adjustment, volcanic processes, or geo-hazard. The members of this study group will address some of these aspects within the following overall objectives.

===Objectives===

* Improvement of (regional and continental-scale) lithospheric density models based on combining geodetic and geophysical data and additional geological constraining information, focusing mainly on regions with insufficient seismic data coverage. Special emphasis will be given to Africa, Greenland and South America. Studies will involve also Indian and Pacific Oceans.      
* Development of a preliminary global density model of the mantle bellow the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary based on the combined analysis of seismic and gravity data, focusing on the seismic data conversion to mass densities within the gravimetric inversion scheme constrained by geothermal, geochemical, geodynamic and other information.   
* Contribution to a better understanding of the interaction between the mantle dynamics and the lithospheric state and structure.

===Program of Activities===

* Active participation at major geodetic workshops and conferences. 
* Organization of group working meetings at main international symposia.
* Organization of conference sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair &lt;br /&gt; Karol Mikula (Slovakia), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Jan Martin Brockmann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Walyeldeen Godah (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Kollár (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Zuzana Minarechová (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wolf-Dieter Schuh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
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    <text bytes="7518" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.25: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The seismic tomography is primarily used to provide images of the Earth’s inner structure based on the analysis of seismic waves due to earthquakes and (controlled) explosions. This technique involves several different methods for processing P-, S- and surface waves on the principle of solving inverse problems for finding locations of reflection and refraction of wave pathways in order to create topographic models. In this way, 3D models of P- and S-wave seismic velocity anomalies are obtained which can be interpreted as structural, thermal or compositional variations inside the Earth. Focusing on the Earth’s density structure, the conversion between seismic velocities and mass densities are adopted to construct regional or global seismic density models of the crust and the mantle. Two major limiting aspects restrict possibilities of recovering Earth’s density structure realistically. The first one is practical. Since active seismic experiments are relatively expensive, large parts of the world are not yet covered sufficiently by seismic surveys, most remarkably most of world’s oceans as well as remote parts of Antarctica, Greenland, Africa and South America. The other aspect is of a theoretical nature. The determination of mass density from seismic data could be ambiguous while affected by many uncertainties, meaning that the relationship between seismic velocities and mass densities is not unique. Actually, the density structure inside the Earth is controlled by many factors such a thermal state or mineral composition. 

Gravity data has been used to interpolate the information about the Earth’s density structure (or density interfaces) where seismic data coverage is uneven or sparse. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in conjunction with its partners from around the world has begun to develop a new global gravitational model, EGM2020, which should be released to public in 2020. EGM2020 should significantly improve the accuracy (as well as the actual resolution) of the global Earth’s gravity field. This will be achieved by incorporating new data sources and procedures. Updated satellite gravity information from the GOCE and GRACE missions will better support the lower harmonics, globally. Multiple new acquisitions (terrestrial, airborne and shipborne) of gravimetric data over specific regions, will provide improved global coverage and resolution over the land as well as for coastal and some oceanic areas. Ongoing accumulation of satellite altimetry data will contribute to refinement and accuracy improvement of the marine gravity field, most notably in polar and near-coastal regions. A significant improvement is also anticipated over large remote regions in Africa, South America, Greenland and Antarctica. EGM2020 will provide opportunities to improve the current knowledge about the Earth’s inner structure and processes particularly in regions with a low seismic data coverage. Gravimetric interpretation of the Earth’s inner density structure is, however, a non-unique problem because infinity many density configurations could be attributed just to the one gravity field solution. Moreover, the gravity inversion is (in a broader mathematical context) an ill-posed problem. 

To overcome partially theoretical deficiencies and practical restrictions of both, seismic and gravimetric methods for the recovery of the Earth’s inner density structure, techniques for a combined or constrained inversions of gravity and seismic data are optimally applied, while incorporating additional geophysical, geological and geodynamic constraints. Many such methods already exist or could be developed and further improved within the framework of scientific activities of members of this (multidisciplinary) study group over the next four years. This is achievable, given their expertise in the field of geodesy, geophysics, mathematics and to some extent also geology. 
We expect that our research activities will substantially contribute to the current knowledge of the lithospheric structure, focusing on continental regions of Africa and South America and other continents where seismic data are sparse. Our ongoing research already involves Antarctica and central part of Eurasia. Moreover, a special attention will be given to study the lithospheric structure beneath the Indian Ocean, which is probably the most complex, but the least understood. Despite the lithosphere is the most heterogeneous layer inside the Earth, large lateral structural irregularities are still present even deeper within the mantle below the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary that are mainly attributed to the mantle convection pattern. The combined gravity and seismic data will be exploited in order to improve existing global or continental-scale mantle density models. A further improvement of the knowledge on the Earth’s inner structure is important, among many other subjects, also for a better understanding of the response of the lithosphere to the mantle convection. This involves numerous study topic, including but not limited to the compensation stage of the crust/lithosphere, the lithospheric strength, mechanisms behind the oceanic subduction, the relation between the mantle convection pattern and the global tectonic configuration (and its spatio-temporal variations), the glacial isostatic adjustment, volcanic processes, or geo-hazard. The members of this study group will address some of these aspects within the following overall objectives.

===Objectives===

* Improvement of (regional and continental-scale) lithospheric density models based on combining geodetic and geophysical data and additional geological constraining information, focusing mainly on regions with insufficient seismic data coverage. Special emphasis will be given to Africa, Greenland and South America. Studies will involve also Indian and Pacific Oceans.      
* Development of a preliminary global density model of the mantle bellow the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary based on the combined analysis of seismic and gravity data, focusing on the seismic data conversion to mass densities within the gravimetric inversion scheme constrained by geothermal, geochemical, geodynamic and other information.   
* Contribution to a better understanding of the interaction between the mantle dynamics and the lithospheric state and structure.

===Program of Activities===

* Presenting research findings at major international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of the JSG members and of other scientists, whose research interests are relevant to the scopes of the JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing bibliographic list of publications from different branches of science relevant to JSG scopes.

===Members===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair &lt;br /&gt; Karol Mikula (Slovakia), vice-chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Jan Martin Brockmann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Walyeldeen Godah (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Kollár (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Zuzana Minarechová (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wolf-Dieter Schuh (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="7449" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.25: Advanced computational methods for recovery of high-resolution gravity field models'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Comm. 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The seismic tomography is primarily used to provide images of the Earth’s inner structure based on the analysis of seismic waves due to earthquakes and (controlled) explosions. This technique involves several different methods for processing P-, S- and surface waves on the principle of solving inverse problems for finding locations of reflection and refraction of wave pathways in order to create topographic models. In this way, 3D models of P- and S-wave seismic velocity anomalies are obtained which can be interpreted as structural, thermal or compositional variations inside the Earth. Focusing on the Earth’s density structure, the conversion between seismic velocities and mass densities are adopted to construct regional or global seismic density models of the crust and the mantle. Two major limiting aspects restrict possibilities of recovering Earth’s density structure realistically. The first one is practical. Since active seismic experiments are relatively expensive, large parts of the world are not yet covered sufficiently by seismic surveys, most remarkably most of world’s oceans as well as remote parts of Antarctica, Greenland, Africa and South America. The other aspect is of a theoretical nature. The determination of mass density from seismic data could be ambiguous while affected by many uncertainties, meaning that the relationship between seismic velocities and mass densities is not unique. Actually, the density structure inside the Earth is controlled by many factors such a thermal state or mineral composition. 

Gravity data has been used to interpolate the information about the Earth’s density structure (or density interfaces) where seismic data coverage is uneven or sparse. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in conjunction with its partners from around the world has begun to develop a new global gravitational model, EGM2020, which should be released to public in 2020. EGM2020 should significantly improve the accuracy (as well as the actual resolution) of the global Earth’s gravity field. This will be achieved by incorporating new data sources and procedures. Updated satellite gravity information from the GOCE and GRACE missions will better support the lower harmonics, globally. Multiple new acquisitions (terrestrial, airborne and shipborne) of gravimetric data over specific regions, will provide improved global coverage and resolution over the land as well as for coastal and some oceanic areas. Ongoing accumulation of satellite altimetry data will contribute to refinement and accuracy improvement of the marine gravity field, most notably in polar and near-coastal regions. A significant improvement is also anticipated over large remote regions in Africa, South America, Greenland and Antarctica. EGM2020 will provide opportunities to improve the current knowledge about the Earth’s inner structure and processes particularly in regions with a low seismic data coverage. Gravimetric interpretation of the Earth’s inner density structure is, however, a non-unique problem because infinity many density configurations could be attributed just to the one gravity field solution. Moreover, the gravity inversion is (in a broader mathematical context) an ill-posed problem. 

To overcome partially theoretical deficiencies and practical restrictions of both, seismic and gravimetric methods for the recovery of the Earth’s inner density structure, techniques for a combined or constrained inversions of gravity and seismic data are optimally applied, while incorporating additional geophysical, geological and geodynamic constraints. Many such methods already exist or could be developed and further improved within the framework of scientific activities of members of this (multidisciplinary) study group over the next four years. This is achievable, given their expertise in the field of geodesy, geophysics, mathematics and to some extent also geology. 
We expect that our research activities will substantially contribute to the current knowledge of the lithospheric structure, focusing on continental regions of Africa and South America and other continents where seismic data are sparse. Our ongoing research already involves Antarctica and central part of Eurasia. Moreover, a special attention will be given to study the lithospheric structure beneath the Indian Ocean, which is probably the most complex, but the least understood. Despite the lithosphere is the most heterogeneous layer inside the Earth, large lateral structural irregularities are still present even deeper within the mantle below the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary that are mainly attributed to the mantle convection pattern. The combined gravity and seismic data will be exploited in order to improve existing global or continental-scale mantle density models. A further improvement of the knowledge on the Earth’s inner structure is important, among many other subjects, also for a better understanding of the response of the lithosphere to the mantle convection. This involves numerous study topic, including but not limited to the compensation stage of the crust/lithosphere, the lithospheric strength, mechanisms behind the oceanic subduction, the relation between the mantle convection pattern and the global tectonic configuration (and its spatio-temporal variations), the glacial isostatic adjustment, volcanic processes, or geo-hazard. The members of this study group will address some of these aspects within the following overall objectives.

===Objectives===

* Improvement of (regional and continental-scale) lithospheric density models based on combining geodetic and geophysical data and additional geological constraining information, focusing mainly on regions with insufficient seismic data coverage. Special emphasis will be given to Africa, Greenland and South America. Studies will involve also Indian and Pacific Oceans.      
* Development of a preliminary global density model of the mantle bellow the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary based on the combined analysis of seismic and gravity data, focusing on the seismic data conversion to mass densities within the gravimetric inversion scheme constrained by geothermal, geochemical, geodynamic and other information.   
* Contribution to a better understanding of the interaction between the mantle dynamics and the lithospheric state and structure.

===Program of Activities===

* Presenting research findings at major international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of the JSG members and of other scientists, whose research interests are relevant to the scopes of the JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing bibliographic list of publications from different branches of science relevant to JSG scopes.

===Members===

'' '''Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt;
Aleksej Baranov (Russia) &lt;br /&gt;
Mohammad Bagherbandi (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt;
Carla Braitenberg (Italy) &lt;br /&gt;
Wenjin Chen (China) &lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt;
Franck EK Ghomsi (Cameroon) &lt;br /&gt;
Mirko Reguzzoni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt;
Lars Sjöberg (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The seismic tomography is primarily used to provide images of the Earth’s inner structure based on the analysis of seismic waves due to earthquakes and (controlled) explosions. This technique involves several different methods for processing P-, S- and surface waves on the principle of solving inverse problems for finding locations of reflection and refraction of wave pathways in order to create topographic models. In this way, 3D models of P- and S-wave seismic velocity anomalies are obtained which can be interpreted as structural, thermal or compositional variations inside the Earth. Focusing on the Earth’s density structure, the conversion between seismic velocities and mass densities are adopted to construct regional or global seismic density models of the crust and the mantle. Two major limiting aspects restrict possibilities of recovering Earth’s density structure realistically. The first one is practical. Since active seismic experiments are relatively expensive, large parts of the world are not yet covered sufficiently by seismic surveys, most remarkably most of world’s oceans as well as remote parts of Antarctica, Greenland, Africa and South America. The other aspect is of a theoretical nature. The determination of mass density from seismic data could be ambiguous while affected by many uncertainties, meaning that the relationship between seismic velocities and mass densities is not unique. Actually, the density structure inside the Earth is controlled by many factors such a thermal state or mineral composition. 

Gravity data has been used to interpolate the information about the Earth’s density structure (or density interfaces) where seismic data coverage is uneven or sparse. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in conjunction with its partners from around the world has begun to develop a new global gravitational model, EGM2020, which should be released to public in 2020. EGM2020 should significantly improve the accuracy (as well as the actual resolution) of the global Earth’s gravity field. This will be achieved by incorporating new data sources and procedures. Updated satellite gravity information from the GOCE and GRACE missions will better support the lower harmonics, globally. Multiple new acquisitions (terrestrial, airborne and shipborne) of gravimetric data over specific regions, will provide improved global coverage and resolution over the land as well as for coastal and some oceanic areas. Ongoing accumulation of satellite altimetry data will contribute to refinement and accuracy improvement of the marine gravity field, most notably in polar and near-coastal regions. A significant improvement is also anticipated over large remote regions in Africa, South America, Greenland and Antarctica. EGM2020 will provide opportunities to improve the current knowledge about the Earth’s inner structure and processes particularly in regions with a low seismic data coverage. Gravimetric interpretation of the Earth’s inner density structure is, however, a non-unique problem because infinity many density configurations could be attributed just to the one gravity field solution. Moreover, the gravity inversion is (in a broader mathematical context) an ill-posed problem. 

To overcome partially theoretical deficiencies and practical restrictions of both, seismic and gravimetric methods for the recovery of the Earth’s inner density structure, techniques for a combined or constrained inversions of gravity and seismic data are optimally applied, while incorporating additional geophysical, geological and geodynamic constraints. Many such methods already exist or could be developed and further improved within the framework of scientific activities of members of this (multidisciplinary) study group over the next four years. This is achievable, given their expertise in the field of geodesy, geophysics, mathematics and to some extent also geology. 

We expect that our research activities will substantially contribute to the current knowledge of the lithospheric structure, focusing on continental regions of Africa and South America and other continents where seismic data are sparse. Our ongoing research already involves Antarctica and central part of Eurasia. Moreover, a special attention will be given to study the lithospheric structure beneath the Indian Ocean, which is probably the most complex, but the least understood. Despite the lithosphere is the most heterogeneous layer inside the Earth, large lateral structural irregularities are still present even deeper within the mantle below the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary that are mainly attributed to the mantle convection pattern. The combined gravity and seismic data will be exploited in order to improve existing global or continental-scale mantle density models. A further improvement of the knowledge on the Earth’s inner structure is important, among many other subjects, also for a better understanding of the response of the lithosphere to the mantle convection. This involves numerous study topic, including but not limited to the compensation stage of the crust/lithosphere, the lithospheric strength, mechanisms behind the oceanic subduction, the relation between the mantle convection pattern and the global tectonic configuration (and its spatio-temporal variations), the glacial isostatic adjustment, volcanic processes, or geo-hazard. The members of this study group will address some of these aspects within the following overall objectives.

===Objectives===

* Improvement of (regional and continental-scale) lithospheric density models based on combining geodetic and geophysical data and additional geological constraining information, focusing mainly on regions with insufficient seismic data coverage. Special emphasis will be given to Africa, Greenland and South America. Studies will involve also Indian and Pacific Oceans.      
* Development of a preliminary global density model of the mantle bellow the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary based on the combined analysis of seismic and gravity data, focusing on the seismic data conversion to mass densities within the gravimetric inversion scheme constrained by geothermal, geochemical, geodynamic and other information.   
* Contribution to a better understanding of the interaction between the mantle dynamics and the lithospheric state and structure.

===Program of Activities===

* Presenting research findings at major international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of the JSG members and of other scientists, whose research interests are relevant to the scopes of the JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing bibliographic list of publications from different branches of science relevant to JSG scopes.

===Members===

'' '''Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt;
Aleksej Baranov (Russia) &lt;br /&gt;
Mohammad Bagherbandi (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt;
Carla Braitenberg (Italy) &lt;br /&gt;
Wenjin Chen (China) &lt;br /&gt;
Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt;
Franck EK Ghomsi (Cameroon) &lt;br /&gt;
Mirko Reguzzoni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt;
Lars Sjöberg (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="7477" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.25: Combining geodetic and geophysical information for probing Earth’s inner structure and its dynamics    '''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The seismic tomography is primarily used to provide images of the Earth’s inner structure based on the analysis of seismic waves due to earthquakes and (controlled) explosions. This technique involves several different methods for processing P-, S- and surface waves on the principle of solving inverse problems for finding locations of reflection and refraction of wave pathways in order to create topographic models. In this way, 3D models of P- and S-wave seismic velocity anomalies are obtained which can be interpreted as structural, thermal or compositional variations inside the Earth. Focusing on the Earth’s density structure, the conversion between seismic velocities and mass densities are adopted to construct regional or global seismic density models of the crust and the mantle. Two major limiting aspects restrict possibilities of recovering Earth’s density structure realistically. The first one is practical. Since active seismic experiments are relatively expensive, large parts of the world are not yet covered sufficiently by seismic surveys, most remarkably most of world’s oceans as well as remote parts of Antarctica, Greenland, Africa and South America. The other aspect is of a theoretical nature. The determination of mass density from seismic data could be ambiguous while affected by many uncertainties, meaning that the relationship between seismic velocities and mass densities is not unique. Actually, the density structure inside the Earth is controlled by many factors such a thermal state or mineral composition. 

Gravity data has been used to interpolate the information about the Earth’s density structure (or density interfaces) where seismic data coverage is uneven or sparse. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in conjunction with its partners from around the world has begun to develop a new global gravitational model, EGM2020, which should be released to public in 2020. EGM2020 should significantly improve the accuracy (as well as the actual resolution) of the global Earth’s gravity field. This will be achieved by incorporating new data sources and procedures. Updated satellite gravity information from the GOCE and GRACE missions will better support the lower harmonics, globally. Multiple new acquisitions (terrestrial, airborne and shipborne) of gravimetric data over specific regions, will provide improved global coverage and resolution over the land as well as for coastal and some oceanic areas. Ongoing accumulation of satellite altimetry data will contribute to refinement and accuracy improvement of the marine gravity field, most notably in polar and near-coastal regions. A significant improvement is also anticipated over large remote regions in Africa, South America, Greenland and Antarctica. EGM2020 will provide opportunities to improve the current knowledge about the Earth’s inner structure and processes particularly in regions with a low seismic data coverage. Gravimetric interpretation of the Earth’s inner density structure is, however, a non-unique problem because infinity many density configurations could be attributed just to the one gravity field solution. Moreover, the gravity inversion is (in a broader mathematical context) an ill-posed problem. 

To overcome partially theoretical deficiencies and practical restrictions of both, seismic and gravimetric methods for the recovery of the Earth’s inner density structure, techniques for a combined or constrained inversions of gravity and seismic data are optimally applied, while incorporating additional geophysical, geological and geodynamic constraints. Many such methods already exist or could be developed and further improved within the framework of scientific activities of members of this (multidisciplinary) study group over the next four years. This is achievable, given their expertise in the field of geodesy, geophysics, mathematics and to some extent also geology. 

We expect that our research activities will substantially contribute to the current knowledge of the lithospheric structure, focusing on continental regions of Africa and South America and other continents where seismic data are sparse. Our ongoing research already involves Antarctica and central part of Eurasia. Moreover, a special attention will be given to study the lithospheric structure beneath the Indian Ocean, which is probably the most complex, but the least understood. Despite the lithosphere is the most heterogeneous layer inside the Earth, large lateral structural irregularities are still present even deeper within the mantle below the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary that are mainly attributed to the mantle convection pattern. The combined gravity and seismic data will be exploited in order to improve existing global or continental-scale mantle density models. A further improvement of the knowledge on the Earth’s inner structure is important, among many other subjects, also for a better understanding of the response of the lithosphere to the mantle convection. This involves numerous study topic, including but not limited to the compensation stage of the crust/lithosphere, the lithospheric strength, mechanisms behind the oceanic subduction, the relation between the mantle convection pattern and the global tectonic configuration (and its spatio-temporal variations), the glacial isostatic adjustment, volcanic processes, or geo-hazard. The members of this study group will address some of these aspects within the following overall objectives.

===Objectives===

* Improvement of (regional and continental-scale) lithospheric density models based on combining geodetic and geophysical data and additional geological constraining information, focusing mainly on regions with insufficient seismic data coverage. Special emphasis will be given to Africa, Greenland and South America. Studies will involve also Indian and Pacific Oceans.      
* Development of a preliminary global density model of the mantle bellow the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary based on the combined analysis of seismic and gravity data, focusing on the seismic data conversion to mass densities within the gravimetric inversion scheme constrained by geothermal, geochemical, geodynamic and other information.   
* Contribution to a better understanding of the interaction between the mantle dynamics and the lithospheric state and structure.

===Program of Activities===

* Presenting research findings at major international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of the JSG members and of other scientists, whose research interests are relevant to the scopes of the JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing bibliographic list of publications from different branches of science relevant to JSG scopes.

===Members===

'' '''Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Aleksej Baranov (Russia) &lt;br /&gt; Mohammad Bagherbandi (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Carla Braitenberg (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Wenjin Chen (China) &lt;br /&gt; Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Franck EK Ghomsi (Cameroon) &lt;br /&gt; Mirko Reguzzoni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Lars Sjöberg (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.26</title>
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    <text bytes="4478" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.26: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The geopotential height datum is realized by a gravimetric geoid/quasi-geoid model. The geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with the accuracy of a few centimetres in a number of regions around the world; it has been adopted in some as a height datum to replace spirit-levelling networks, e.g., in Canada and New Zealand. A great challenge is the 1-2 cm accuracy anywhere to be compatible with the accuracy of ellipsoidal heights measured by the GNSS technology. This requires an adequate theory and its numerical realization, to be of the sub-centimetre accuracy, and the availability of commensurate gravity data and digital elevation models (DEMs).

Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling involves the combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data through the remove-compute-restore method, employing various modelling techniques such as the Stokes integration, least-squares collocation, spherical radial base functions or spherical harmonics. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with the accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with surface gravity data which are still essential in determining the high-resolution geoid model. In the meantime, DEMs required for the gravity reduction have achieved higher spatial resolutions with a global coverage. In order to understand how accurately the geoid model can be determined, the 1 cm geoid experiment was carried out in a test region in Colorado, USA by more than ten international teams. The state-of-the-art airborne data was provided for this experiment by US NGS. The test results reveal that differences between geoid models by these teams are at the level of 2-4 cm in terms of the standard deviation with a range of decimetres. Reducing these differences is necessary for realization of geopotential height datums and the International Height Reference System (IHRS). This will require a thorough examination and assessment of both methods and data.

===Objectives===

* To consider different types of gravitational data, i.e., terrestrial, aerial and satellite, available today and to formulate their mathematical relation to the gravitational potential.
* To study mathematical properties of differential operators in spherical and Jacobi ellipsoidal coordinates, which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* To complete the family of integral equations relating various types of current and foreseen gravitational data and to derive corresponding spherical and ellipsoidal Green’s functions.
* To study accurate and numerically stable methods for upward/downward continuation of gravitational field parameters.
* To investigate optimal combination techniques of heterogeneous gravitational field observables for gravitational field modelling at all scales.
* To investigate conditionality as well as spatial and spectral properties of linear operators based on discretized integral equations.
* To classify integral transformations and to propose suitable generalized notation for a variety of classical and new integral equations in geodesy.

===Program of Activities===

* Presenting research results at major international geodetic and geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Organizing a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2017.
* Cooperating with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring activities of JGS members as well as other scientists related to the scope of JGS activities.
* Providing bibliographic list of relevant publications from different disciplines in the area of JSG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Alireza Ardalan (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (China) &lt;br /&gt; Guyla Tóth (Hungary) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4152" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.26: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The geopotential height datum is realized by a gravimetric geoid/quasi-geoid model. The geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with the accuracy of a few centimetres in a number of regions around the world; it has been adopted in some as a height datum to replace spirit-levelling networks, e.g., in Canada and New Zealand. A great challenge is the 1-2 cm accuracy anywhere to be compatible with the accuracy of ellipsoidal heights measured by the GNSS technology. This requires an adequate theory and its numerical realization, to be of the sub-centimetre accuracy, and the availability of commensurate gravity data and digital elevation models (DEMs).

Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling involves the combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data through the remove-compute-restore method, employing various modelling techniques such as the Stokes integration, least-squares collocation, spherical radial base functions or spherical harmonics. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with the accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with surface gravity data which are still essential in determining the high-resolution geoid model. In the meantime, DEMs required for the gravity reduction have achieved higher spatial resolutions with a global coverage. In order to understand how accurately the geoid model can be determined, the 1 cm geoid experiment was carried out in a test region in Colorado, USA by more than ten international teams. The state-of-the-art airborne data was provided for this experiment by US NGS. The test results reveal that differences between geoid models by these teams are at the level of 2-4 cm in terms of the standard deviation with a range of decimetres. Reducing these differences is necessary for realization of geopotential height datums and the International Height Reference System (IHRS). This will require a thorough examination and assessment of both methods and data.

===Objectives===

* Adoption of physical parameters such as GM.
* Determination and adoption of W0.
* Geo-center convention with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
* Adoption of a Geodetic Reference System.
* Identification of data requirements and gaps.
* Gravity data gridding methods.
* Downward continuation of high-altitude airborne gravity data.
* Spatial and spectral modelling of topographic effects considering mass density variation.
* Combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data.
* Separation between the geoid and quasi-geoid.
* Estimation of data and geoid/quasi-geoid model errors.
* External validation data and methods for the geoid/quasi-geoid model.
* Dynamic geoid/quasi-geoid modelling.
* New geodetic boundary-value problems.

===Program of Activities===

* Presenting research results at major international geodetic and geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Organizing a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2017.
* Cooperating with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring activities of JGS members as well as other scientists related to the scope of JGS activities.
* Providing bibliographic list of relevant publications from different disciplines in the area of JSG interest.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Alireza Ardalan (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (China) &lt;br /&gt; Guyla Tóth (Hungary) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4239" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.26: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The geopotential height datum is realized by a gravimetric geoid/quasi-geoid model. The geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with the accuracy of a few centimetres in a number of regions around the world; it has been adopted in some as a height datum to replace spirit-levelling networks, e.g., in Canada and New Zealand. A great challenge is the 1-2 cm accuracy anywhere to be compatible with the accuracy of ellipsoidal heights measured by the GNSS technology. This requires an adequate theory and its numerical realization, to be of the sub-centimetre accuracy, and the availability of commensurate gravity data and digital elevation models (DEMs).

Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling involves the combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data through the remove-compute-restore method, employing various modelling techniques such as the Stokes integration, least-squares collocation, spherical radial base functions or spherical harmonics. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with the accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with surface gravity data which are still essential in determining the high-resolution geoid model. In the meantime, DEMs required for the gravity reduction have achieved higher spatial resolutions with a global coverage. In order to understand how accurately the geoid model can be determined, the 1 cm geoid experiment was carried out in a test region in Colorado, USA by more than ten international teams. The state-of-the-art airborne data was provided for this experiment by US NGS. The test results reveal that differences between geoid models by these teams are at the level of 2-4 cm in terms of the standard deviation with a range of decimetres. Reducing these differences is necessary for realization of geopotential height datums and the International Height Reference System (IHRS). This will require a thorough examination and assessment of both methods and data.

===Objectives===

* Adoption of physical parameters such as GM.
* Determination and adoption of W0.
* Geo-center convention with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
* Adoption of a Geodetic Reference System.
* Identification of data requirements and gaps.
* Gravity data gridding methods.
* Downward continuation of high-altitude airborne gravity data.
* Spatial and spectral modelling of topographic effects considering mass density variation.
* Combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data.
* Separation between the geoid and quasi-geoid.
* Estimation of data and geoid/quasi-geoid model errors.
* External validation data and methods for the geoid/quasi-geoid model.
* Dynamic geoid/quasi-geoid modelling.
* New geodetic boundary-value problems.

===Program of Activities===

* Involving and supporting new generation of geoid modellers.
* Organizing splinter meetings in coincidence with major IAG conferences and a series of online workshops.
* Circulating and sharing information, ideas, progress reports, papers and presentations.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, GGOS and other study and working groups on gravity modelling and height system, in particular GGOS IHRS working group, and International Service for the Geoid (ISG).

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Alireza Ardalan (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Will Featherstone (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (China) &lt;br /&gt; Guyla Tóth (Hungary) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4412" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.26: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The geopotential height datum is realized by a gravimetric geoid/quasi-geoid model. The geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with the accuracy of a few centimetres in a number of regions around the world; it has been adopted in some as a height datum to replace spirit-levelling networks, e.g., in Canada and New Zealand. A great challenge is the 1-2 cm accuracy anywhere to be compatible with the accuracy of ellipsoidal heights measured by the GNSS technology. This requires an adequate theory and its numerical realization, to be of the sub-centimetre accuracy, and the availability of commensurate gravity data and digital elevation models (DEMs).

Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling involves the combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data through the remove-compute-restore method, employing various modelling techniques such as the Stokes integration, least-squares collocation, spherical radial base functions or spherical harmonics. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with the accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with surface gravity data which are still essential in determining the high-resolution geoid model. In the meantime, DEMs required for the gravity reduction have achieved higher spatial resolutions with a global coverage. In order to understand how accurately the geoid model can be determined, the 1 cm geoid experiment was carried out in a test region in Colorado, USA by more than ten international teams. The state-of-the-art airborne data was provided for this experiment by US NGS. The test results reveal that differences between geoid models by these teams are at the level of 2-4 cm in terms of the standard deviation with a range of decimetres. Reducing these differences is necessary for realization of geopotential height datums and the International Height Reference System (IHRS). This will require a thorough examination and assessment of both methods and data.

===Objectives===

* Adoption of physical parameters such as GM.
* Determination and adoption of W0.
* Geo-center convention with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
* Adoption of a Geodetic Reference System.
* Identification of data requirements and gaps.
* Gravity data gridding methods.
* Downward continuation of high-altitude airborne gravity data.
* Spatial and spectral modelling of topographic effects considering mass density variation.
* Combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data.
* Separation between the geoid and quasi-geoid.
* Estimation of data and geoid/quasi-geoid model errors.
* External validation data and methods for the geoid/quasi-geoid model.
* Dynamic geoid/quasi-geoid modelling.
* New geodetic boundary-value problems.

===Program of Activities===

* Involving and supporting new generation of geoid modellers.
* Organizing splinter meetings in coincidence with major IAG conferences and a series of online workshops.
* Circulating and sharing information, ideas, progress reports, papers and presentations.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, GGOS and other study and working groups on gravity modelling and height system, in particular GGOS IHRS working group, and International Service for the Geoid (ISG).

===Members===

'' '''Jianliang Huang (Canada), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Jonas Ågren (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Heiner Denker (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Bihter Erol (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Tao Jiang (China) &lt;br /&gt; Robert W. Kingdon (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Xiaopeng Li (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Urs Marti (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Ana Cristina de Matos (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Laura Sanchez (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Matej Varga (Croatia) &lt;br /&gt;
Marc Véronneau (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Yanming Wang (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Xinyu Xu (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4412" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.26: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The geopotential height datum is realized by a gravimetric geoid/quasi-geoid model. The geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with the accuracy of a few centimetres in a number of regions around the world; it has been adopted in some as a height datum to replace spirit-levelling networks, e.g., in Canada and New Zealand. A great challenge is the 1-2 cm accuracy anywhere to be compatible with the accuracy of ellipsoidal heights measured by the GNSS technology. This requires an adequate theory and its numerical realization, to be of the sub-centimetre accuracy, and the availability of commensurate gravity data and digital elevation models (DEMs).

Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling involves the combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data through the remove-compute-restore method, employing various modelling techniques such as the Stokes integration, least-squares collocation, spherical radial base functions or spherical harmonics. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with the accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with surface gravity data which are still essential in determining the high-resolution geoid model. In the meantime, DEMs required for the gravity reduction have achieved higher spatial resolutions with a global coverage. In order to understand how accurately the geoid model can be determined, the 1 cm geoid experiment was carried out in a test region in Colorado, USA by more than ten international teams. The state-of-the-art airborne data was provided for this experiment by US NGS. The test results reveal that differences between geoid models by these teams are at the level of 2-4 cm in terms of the standard deviation with a range of decimetres. Reducing these differences is necessary for realization of geopotential height datums and the International Height Reference System (IHRS). This will require a thorough examination and assessment of both methods and data.

===Objectives===

* Adoption of physical parameters such as GM.
* Determination and adoption of W0.
* Geo-center convention with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
* Adoption of a Geodetic Reference System.
* Identification of data requirements and gaps.
* Gravity data gridding methods.
* Downward continuation of high-altitude airborne gravity data.
* Spatial and spectral modelling of topographic effects considering mass density variation.
* Combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data.
* Separation between the geoid and quasi-geoid.
* Estimation of data and geoid/quasi-geoid model errors.
* External validation data and methods for the geoid/quasi-geoid model.
* Dynamic geoid/quasi-geoid modelling.
* New geodetic boundary-value problems.

===Program of Activities===

* Involving and supporting new generation of geoid modellers.
* Organizing splinter meetings in coincidence with major IAG conferences and a series of online workshops.
* Circulating and sharing information, ideas, progress reports, papers and presentations.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, GGOS and other study and working groups on gravity modelling and height system, in particular GGOS IHRS working group, and International Service for the Geoid (ISG).

===Members===

'' '''Jianliang Huang (Canada), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Jonas Ågren (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Heiner Denker (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Bihter Erol (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Tao Jiang (China) &lt;br /&gt; Robert W. Kingdon (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Xiaopeng Li (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Urs Marti (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Ana Cristina de Matos (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Laura Sanchez (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Matej Varga (Croatia) &lt;br /&gt; Marc Véronneau (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Yanming Wang (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Xinyu Xu (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4359" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.26: Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling for realization of the geopotential height datum'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair:''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The geopotential height datum is realized by a gravimetric geoid/quasi-geoid model. The geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with the accuracy of a few centimetres in a number of regions around the world; it has been adopted in some as a height datum to replace spirit-levelling networks, e.g., in Canada and New Zealand. A great challenge is the 1-2 cm accuracy anywhere to be compatible with the accuracy of ellipsoidal heights measured by the GNSS technology. This requires an adequate theory and its numerical realization, to be of the sub-centimetre accuracy, and the availability of commensurate gravity data and digital elevation models (DEMs).

Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling involves the combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data through the remove-compute-restore method, employing various modelling techniques such as the Stokes integration, least-squares collocation, spherical radial base functions or spherical harmonics. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with the accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with surface gravity data which are still essential in determining the high-resolution geoid model. In the meantime, DEMs required for the gravity reduction have achieved higher spatial resolutions with a global coverage. In order to understand how accurately the geoid model can be determined, the 1 cm geoid experiment was carried out in a test region in Colorado, USA by more than ten international teams. The state-of-the-art airborne data was provided for this experiment by US NGS. The test results reveal that differences between geoid models by these teams are at the level of 2-4 cm in terms of the standard deviation with a range of decimetres. Reducing these differences is necessary for realization of geopotential height datums and the International Height Reference System (IHRS). This will require a thorough examination and assessment of both methods and data.

===Objectives===

* Adoption of physical parameters such as GM.
* Determination and adoption of W0.
* Geo-center convention with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
* Adoption of a Geodetic Reference System.
* Identification of data requirements and gaps.
* Gravity data gridding methods.
* Downward continuation of high-altitude airborne gravity data.
* Spatial and spectral modelling of topographic effects considering mass density variation.
* Combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data.
* Separation between the geoid and quasi-geoid.
* Estimation of data and geoid/quasi-geoid model errors.
* External validation data and methods for the geoid/quasi-geoid model.
* Dynamic geoid/quasi-geoid modelling.
* New geodetic boundary-value problems.

===Program of Activities===

* Involving and supporting new generation of geoid modellers.
* Organizing splinter meetings in coincidence with major IAG conferences and a series of online workshops.
* Circulating and sharing information, ideas, progress reports, papers and presentations.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, GGOS and other study and working groups on gravity modelling and height system, in particular GGOS IHRS working group, and International Service for the Geoid (ISG).

===Members===

'' '''Jianliang Huang (Canada), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Jonas Ågren (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Heiner Denker (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Bihter Erol (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Tao Jiang (China) &lt;br /&gt; Robert W. Kingdon (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Xiaopeng Li (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Urs Marti (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Ana Cristina de Matos (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Laura Sanchez (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Matej Varga (Croatia) &lt;br /&gt; Marc Véronneau (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Yanming Wang (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Xinyu Xu (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.27</title>
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    <text bytes="5549" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.27: Coupling processes between magnetosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Andres Calabia Aibar (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Terms of Reference===

Observations provided by space geodetic techniques deliver a global picture of the changing system Earth, in particular temporal changes of the Earth’s gravity field, irregularities in the Earth rotation and variations of station positions due to various geodynamical phenomena. Different techniques are characterized by different accuracy and different sensitivity to geodetic parameters, e.g., GNSS provides most accurate pole coordinates, but cannot provide the absolute information on UT1-UTC, and thus, must be integrated with VLBI or LLR data. GRACE observations provide state-of-the-art and most accurate information on temporal changes of the gravity field, but the temporal changes of the Earth’s oblateness or the geocentre motion can be better determined using SLR data. Therefore, a fusion of various space geodetic observations is an indispensable prerequisite for a reliable description of the varying system Earth. 
 
However, the space geodetic observations are typically not free of artifacts related to deficiencies in various models used in the data reduction process. GNSS satellite orbits are very sensitive to deficiencies in solar radiation pressure modeling affecting, e.g., the accuracy of GNSS-derived Earth rotation parameters and geocentre coordinates. Deficiencies in modeling of antenna phase center offsets, albedo and the antenna thrust limit the reliability of GNSS and DORIS-derived scale of the terrestrial reference frame, despite a good global coverage of GNSS receivers and DORIS beacons. VLBI solutions are affected by an inhomogeneous quality delivered by different stations and antenna deformations. SLR technique is affected by the Blue-Sky effect which is related to the weather dependency of laser observations and the station-dependent satellite signature effect due to multiple reflections from many retroreflectors. Moreover, un-modeled horizontal gradients of the troposphere delay in SLR analyzes also limit the quality of SLR solutions. Finally, GRACE data are very sensitive to aliasing with diurnal and semidiurnal tides, whereas GOCE and Swarm orbits show a worse quality around the geomagnetic equator due to deficiencies in ionosphere delay modeling.

Separation of real geophysical signals and artifacts in geodetic observations yield a very challenging objective. A fusion of different observational techniques of space geodesy may enhance our knowledge on systematic effects, improve the consistency between different observational techniques, and may help us to mitigate artifacts in the geodetic time series.

The mitigation of artifacts using parameters derived by a fusion of different techniques of space geodesy should comprise three steps: 1) identification of an artifact through an analysis of geodetic parameters derived from multiple techniques; 2) delivering a way to model an artifact; 3) applying the developed model to standard solutions by the analysis centers. 

Improving the consistency level through mitigating artifacts in space geodetic observations will bring us closer to fulfilling the objectives of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), i.e., the 1-mm accuracy of positions and 0.1-mm/year accuracy of the velocity determination. Without a deep knowledge of systematic effects in satellite geodetic data and without a proper modeling thereof, the accomplishment of the GGOS goals will never be possible. 

===Objectives===

* Developing of data fusion methods based on geodetic data from different sources
* Accuracy assessment and simulations of geodetic observations in order to fulfil GGOS’ goals
* Study time series of geodetic parameters (geometry, gravity and rotation) and other derivative parameters (e.g., troposphere and ionosphere delays) determined using different techniques of space geodesy
* Investigating biases and systematic effects in single techniques
* Combination of satellite geodetic observations at the observation level and software synchronization
* Investigating various methods of technique co-locations: through local ties, global ties, co-location in space
* Identifying artifacts in time series of geodetic parameters using e.g., spatial, temporal, and spectral analyzes
* Elaborating methods aimed at mitigating systematic effects and artifacts
* Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by techniques using different methods and algorithms
* Comparison of different methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages
* Recommendations for analysis working groups and conventions

===Planned Activities===

* Preparing a web page with information concerning integration and consistency of satellite geodetic techniques and their integration with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, providing and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* Working meetings at the international symposia and presentation of research results at the appropriate sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Krzysztof Sośnica (Poland), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Toshimichi Otsubo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Daniela Thaller (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Mathis Blossfeld (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Andrea Maier (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Claudia Flohrer (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Agnieszka Wnek (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Sara Bruni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Karina Wilgan (Poland) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4367" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.27: Coupling processes between magnetosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Andres Calabia Aibar (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Consequences of upper-atmosphere conditions on human activity underscore the necessity to better understand and predict effects of the magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (MIT) processes and of their coupling. This will prevent from their potential detrimental effects on orbiting, aerial and ground-based technologies. For instance, major concerns include the perturbation of electromagnetic signals passing through the ionosphere for an accurate and secure use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), and the lack of accurate aerodynamic-drag models required for accurate tracking, decay and re-entry calculations of low Earth orbiters (LEO), including manned and unmanned artificial satellites. In addition, ground power grids and electronics of satellites could be influenced, e.g., by the magnetic field generated by sudden changes in the current system due to solar storms. 

Monitoring and predicting Earth’s upper atmosphere processes driven by solar activity are highly relevant to science, industry and defence. These communities emphasize the need to increment the research efforts for better understanding of the MIT responses to highly variable solar conditions, as well as detrimental space weather effects on our life and society. On one hand, electron-density variations produce perturbations in speed and direction of various electromagnetic signals propagated through the ionosphere, and reflect as a time-delay in the arrival of the modulated components from which pseudo-range measurements of GNSS are made, and an advance in the phase of signal’s carrier waves which affects also carrier-phase measurements. On the other hand, an aerodynamic drag associated with neutral-density fluctuations resulting from upper atmospheric expansion/contraction in response to variable solar and geomagnetic activity increases drag and decelerates LEOs, dwindling the lifespan of space-assets, and making their tracking difficult.

Through interrelations, dependencies and coupling patterns between ionosphere, thermosphere and magnetosphere variability, this JSG aims to improve the understanding of coupled processes in the MIT system, and considerations of the solar contribution. In addition, tides from the lower atmosphere forcing can feed into the electrodynamics; they have a composition effect leading to changes in the MIT system. In this scheme, our tasks are addressed to exploit the knowledge of the tight MIT coupling by investigating multiple types of magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere observations. The final outcome will help to enhance the predictive capability of empirical and physics-based models through interrelations, dependencies and coupled patterns of variability between essential geodetic variables.
 
===Objectives===

* Characterize and parameterize global modes of MIT variations associated with diurnal, seasonal and space weather drivers as well as the lower atmosphere forcing.
* Determine and parameterize mechanisms responsible for discrepancies between observables and present models.
* Detect and investigate coupled processes in the MIT system for the deciphering of physical laws and principles such as continuity, energy and momentum equations and solving partial differential equations.

===Planned Activities===

* Presenting research findings at major international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings, and workshops.
* Interacting with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of the JSG members and of other scientists, whose research interests are related to the scopes of SG
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presentation of research results at appropriate sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Andres Calabia Aibar (China), chair''' &lt;br /&gt;
Emmanuel Abiodun Ariyibi (Nigeria) &lt;br /&gt;
Toyese Tunde Ayorinde (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt;
Olawale S. Bolaji (Nigeria) &lt;br /&gt;
Oluwaseyi Emmanuel Jimoh (Nigeria) &lt;br /&gt;
Gang Lu (USA) &lt;br /&gt;
Naomi Maruyama (USA) &lt;br /&gt;
Astrid Maute (USA) &lt;br /&gt;
Piyush M. Metha (USA) &lt;br /&gt;
Charles Owolabi (Nigeria) &lt;br /&gt;
Liang Yuan (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="4367" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.27: Coupling processes between magnetosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Andres Calabia Aibar (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Consequences of upper-atmosphere conditions on human activity underscore the necessity to better understand and predict effects of the magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (MIT) processes and of their coupling. This will prevent from their potential detrimental effects on orbiting, aerial and ground-based technologies. For instance, major concerns include the perturbation of electromagnetic signals passing through the ionosphere for an accurate and secure use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), and the lack of accurate aerodynamic-drag models required for accurate tracking, decay and re-entry calculations of low Earth orbiters (LEO), including manned and unmanned artificial satellites. In addition, ground power grids and electronics of satellites could be influenced, e.g., by the magnetic field generated by sudden changes in the current system due to solar storms. 

Monitoring and predicting Earth’s upper atmosphere processes driven by solar activity are highly relevant to science, industry and defence. These communities emphasize the need to increment the research efforts for better understanding of the MIT responses to highly variable solar conditions, as well as detrimental space weather effects on our life and society. On one hand, electron-density variations produce perturbations in speed and direction of various electromagnetic signals propagated through the ionosphere, and reflect as a time-delay in the arrival of the modulated components from which pseudo-range measurements of GNSS are made, and an advance in the phase of signal’s carrier waves which affects also carrier-phase measurements. On the other hand, an aerodynamic drag associated with neutral-density fluctuations resulting from upper atmospheric expansion/contraction in response to variable solar and geomagnetic activity increases drag and decelerates LEOs, dwindling the lifespan of space-assets, and making their tracking difficult.

Through interrelations, dependencies and coupling patterns between ionosphere, thermosphere and magnetosphere variability, this JSG aims to improve the understanding of coupled processes in the MIT system, and considerations of the solar contribution. In addition, tides from the lower atmosphere forcing can feed into the electrodynamics; they have a composition effect leading to changes in the MIT system. In this scheme, our tasks are addressed to exploit the knowledge of the tight MIT coupling by investigating multiple types of magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere observations. The final outcome will help to enhance the predictive capability of empirical and physics-based models through interrelations, dependencies and coupled patterns of variability between essential geodetic variables.
 
===Objectives===

* Characterize and parameterize global modes of MIT variations associated with diurnal, seasonal and space weather drivers as well as the lower atmosphere forcing.
* Determine and parameterize mechanisms responsible for discrepancies between observables and present models.
* Detect and investigate coupled processes in the MIT system for the deciphering of physical laws and principles such as continuity, energy and momentum equations and solving partial differential equations.

===Planned Activities===

* Presenting research findings at major international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings, and workshops.
* Interacting with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of the JSG members and of other scientists, whose research interests are related to the scopes of SG
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Organizing working meetings at international symposia and presentation of research results at appropriate sessions.

===Members===

'' '''Andres Calabia Aibar (China), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Emmanuel Abiodun Ariyibi (Nigeria) &lt;br /&gt; Toyese Tunde Ayorinde (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Olawale S. Bolaji (Nigeria) &lt;br /&gt; Oluwaseyi Emmanuel Jimoh (Nigeria) &lt;br /&gt; Gang Lu (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Naomi Maruyama (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Astrid Maute (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Piyush M. Metha (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Charles Owolabi (Nigeria) &lt;br /&gt; Liang Yuan (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.28</title>
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    <text bytes="3960" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.28: Forward gravity field modelling of known mass distributions'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br /&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

he geometrical definition of the shape and numerical evaluation of the corresponding gravity signal of any given mass distribution express a central theme in gravity field modelling. Involving different theoretical and computational aspects of the potential field theory and including the element of interpreting the computed signal by comparing it with the observed gravity field, the specific research topic determines a characteristic interface between geodesy and geophysics.

Theoretical and methodological aspects of mass modelling concern a wide range of applications, from computing gravity anomalies and geoid to reducing satellite gradiometry data or solving an extended family of integral equations of the potential theory. Directly linked to real mass density distributions in the Earth's interior, the problem of computing the potential function of given mass density distributions and its spatial derivatives up to higher orders defines the core of forward gravity field modelling, while also constituting an integral part of an inverse modelling flowchart in geophysics.

The availability of an abundance of terrestrial and satellite data of global coverage and increasing spatial resolution provides a challenging framework for revisiting known theoretical aspects and especially investigating computational limits and possibilities of forward gravity modelling induced by known mass distributions. Satellite observations provide global grids of gravity related quantities at satellite altitudes, global crustal databases offer detailed layered information of the shape and consistency of the Earth's crust, while satellite methods produce digital elevation models that represent a continental part of the topographic surface with unprecedented resolution.

The current datasets enable the consideration of several theoretical, methodological and computational aspects of forward gravity field modelling. For instance, dense digital elevation models provide a unique input dataset that challenges the evaluation of precise terrain effects, especially in areas of very steep terrain. At the same time and due to the availability of new data, the complete theoretical framework that evaluates the gravity effect of a given distribution using analytical, numerical or spectral techniques emerges again at the forefront of research, examining both ideal bodies and real distributions. Finally, the existence of detailed information of the structure in the Earth's interior provides an opportunity to revisit synthetic Earth reference models by computing the actual gravity effect induced by these distributions and validate it against the observed gravity signal obtained by the available gravity field models.

===Objectives===

* Examine new theoretical developments (numerical, analytical or spectral) in expressing the gravity signal of ideal geometric distributions.
* Perform validation studies of precise terrain effects over rugged mountainous topography.
* Compute the gravity effect of structures in the Earth's interior and embed this effort in the frame of a synthetic reference Earth model.

===Program of activities===

* Participation in forthcoming IAG conferences with splinter meetings and proposed sessions.
* Preparation of joint publications with JSG members.
* Organization of a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.

===Members===
 
'' '''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Carla Braitenberg (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Gerlach (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Ropesh Goyal (India) &lt;br /&gt; Olivier Jamet (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Konstantinos Patlakis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Daniele Sampietro (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Matej Varga (Croatia) &lt;br /&gt; Jérôme Verdun (France) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.29</title>
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    <text bytes="5552" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.29: Machine learning in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Benedikt Soja (USA), chair''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and 4''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Due to the exponential increase in computing power over the last decades, machine learning has grown in importance for several applications. In particular, deep learning, i.e., machine learning based on deep neural networks, typically performed on extensive data sets (“big data”), has become very successful in tackling various challenges, for example, image interpretation, language recognition, autonomous decision making or stock market predictions. Several scientific disciplines have embraced the capability of modern machine learning algorithms, including astronomy and many fields of geosciences. 

The field of geodesy has seen a significant increase in observational data in recent years, in particular from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with tens of thousands of high-quality permanent stations, multiple constellations, and increasing data rates. With the upcoming NISAR mission, the InSAR community needs to prepare for handling daily products exceeding 50 GB. In the future, the next-generation Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Global Observing System (VGOS) will deliver unprecedented amounts of data compared to legacy VLBI operations. Traditional data processing and analysis techniques that rely largely on human input are not well suited to harvest such rich data sets to their full potential. Still, machine learning techniques are not yet adopted in geodesy. 

Machine learning in geodesy has the potential to facilitate the automation of data processing, detection of anomalies in time series and image data, their classification into different categories and prediction of parameters into the future. Machine learning and, in recent years, deep learning methods can successfully model complex spatio-temporal data through the creation of powerful representations at hierarchical levels of abstraction. Furthermore, machine learning techniques provide promising results in addressing the challenges that arise when handling multi-resolution, multi-temporal, multi-sensor, multi-modal data. The information contained in GNSS station position time series is essential as it can help derive important conclusions related to hydrology, earthquakes, or volcanism using machine learning. Other important applications are tropospheric and ionospheric parameters derived from GNSS where automated detection and prediction could be beneficial for improved severe weather forecasting and space weather monitoring, respectively. InSAR data will benefit in particular from efficient image processing algorithms based on machine learning, facilitating the detection of regions of interest. In several of these cases, the development of scalable deep learning schemes can contribute to more effectively handling and processing of large-scale spatio-temporal data. 

Traditional machine learning techniques for geodetic tasks include convolutional neural networks for image data and recurrent neural networks for time series data. Typically, these networks are trained by supervised learning approaches, but certain applications related to autonomous processing will benefit from reinforcement learning.
 
The field of machine learning has expanded rapidly in recent years and algorithms are constantly evolving. It is the aim of this JSG to identify best practices, methods, and algorithms when applying machine learning to geodetic tasks. In particular, due to the “black box” nature of many machine learning techniques, it is very important to focus on appropriate ways to assess the accuracy and precision of the results, as well as to correctly interpret them.

===Objectives===

* Identify geodetic applications that could benefit from machine learning techniques, both in terms of which data sets to use and which issues to investigate. 
* Create an inventory of suitable machine learning algorithms to address these problems, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
* Perform comparisons between machine learning methods and traditional data analysis approaches, e.g., for time series analysis and prediction.
* Focus on error assessment of results produced by machine learning algorithms.
* Identify open problems that come with the automation of data processing and generation of geodetic products, including issues of reliability.
* Develop best practices when applying machine learning methods in geodesy and establishing standardized terminology.

===Program of activities===

* Create a web page about machine learning in geodesy to provide information and raise awareness about this topic. The page will include:
** inventory of algorithms, see above,
** benchmark datasets to test the performance of these algorithms,
** comprehensive record of previous activities/publications related to machine learning in geodesy,
** description of activities by the JSG members. 
* Work toward a state-of-the-art review paper about machine learning in geodesy co-authored by the JSG members.
* Promote sessions and presentation of the research results at international scientific assemblies (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU) and technique-specific meetings (IGS, IVS, ...). 

===Members===

'' '''Benedikt Soja (USA), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Kyriakos Balidakis (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Clayton Brengman (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Jingyi Chen (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Kaselimi (Greece) &lt;br /&gt;
Ryan McGranaghan (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Randa Natras (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Simone Scardapane (Italy) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="5552" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.29: Machine learning in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chairs: ''Benedikt Soja (USA), chair''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and 4''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Due to the exponential increase in computing power over the last decades, machine learning has grown in importance for several applications. In particular, deep learning, i.e., machine learning based on deep neural networks, typically performed on extensive data sets (“big data”), has become very successful in tackling various challenges, for example, image interpretation, language recognition, autonomous decision making or stock market predictions. Several scientific disciplines have embraced the capability of modern machine learning algorithms, including astronomy and many fields of geosciences. 

The field of geodesy has seen a significant increase in observational data in recent years, in particular from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with tens of thousands of high-quality permanent stations, multiple constellations, and increasing data rates. With the upcoming NISAR mission, the InSAR community needs to prepare for handling daily products exceeding 50 GB. In the future, the next-generation Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Global Observing System (VGOS) will deliver unprecedented amounts of data compared to legacy VLBI operations. Traditional data processing and analysis techniques that rely largely on human input are not well suited to harvest such rich data sets to their full potential. Still, machine learning techniques are not yet adopted in geodesy. 

Machine learning in geodesy has the potential to facilitate the automation of data processing, detection of anomalies in time series and image data, their classification into different categories and prediction of parameters into the future. Machine learning and, in recent years, deep learning methods can successfully model complex spatio-temporal data through the creation of powerful representations at hierarchical levels of abstraction. Furthermore, machine learning techniques provide promising results in addressing the challenges that arise when handling multi-resolution, multi-temporal, multi-sensor, multi-modal data. The information contained in GNSS station position time series is essential as it can help derive important conclusions related to hydrology, earthquakes, or volcanism using machine learning. Other important applications are tropospheric and ionospheric parameters derived from GNSS where automated detection and prediction could be beneficial for improved severe weather forecasting and space weather monitoring, respectively. InSAR data will benefit in particular from efficient image processing algorithms based on machine learning, facilitating the detection of regions of interest. In several of these cases, the development of scalable deep learning schemes can contribute to more effectively handling and processing of large-scale spatio-temporal data. 

Traditional machine learning techniques for geodetic tasks include convolutional neural networks for image data and recurrent neural networks for time series data. Typically, these networks are trained by supervised learning approaches, but certain applications related to autonomous processing will benefit from reinforcement learning.
 
The field of machine learning has expanded rapidly in recent years and algorithms are constantly evolving. It is the aim of this JSG to identify best practices, methods, and algorithms when applying machine learning to geodetic tasks. In particular, due to the “black box” nature of many machine learning techniques, it is very important to focus on appropriate ways to assess the accuracy and precision of the results, as well as to correctly interpret them.

===Objectives===

* Identify geodetic applications that could benefit from machine learning techniques, both in terms of which data sets to use and which issues to investigate. 
* Create an inventory of suitable machine learning algorithms to address these problems, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
* Perform comparisons between machine learning methods and traditional data analysis approaches, e.g., for time series analysis and prediction.
* Focus on error assessment of results produced by machine learning algorithms.
* Identify open problems that come with the automation of data processing and generation of geodetic products, including issues of reliability.
* Develop best practices when applying machine learning methods in geodesy and establishing standardized terminology.

===Program of activities===

* Create a web page about machine learning in geodesy to provide information and raise awareness about this topic. The page will include:
** inventory of algorithms, see above,
** benchmark datasets to test the performance of these algorithms,
** comprehensive record of previous activities/publications related to machine learning in geodesy,
** description of activities by the JSG members. 
* Work toward a state-of-the-art review paper about machine learning in geodesy co-authored by the JSG members.
* Promote sessions and presentation of the research results at international scientific assemblies (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU) and technique-specific meetings (IGS, IVS, ...). 

===Members===

'' '''Benedikt Soja (USA), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Kyriakos Balidakis (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Clayton Brengman (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Jingyi Chen (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Maria Kaselimi (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Ryan McGranaghan (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Randa Natras (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Simone Scardapane (Italy) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-09 12:30:54+00|559">
  <title>JSG T.30</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="3855" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.30: Dynamic modeling of deformation, rotation and gravity field variations'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Advancements in the Global Geodetic Observation System (GGOS), and terrestrial, aerial and marine geodetic observations have enabled us to monitor deformation, rotation and gravity field variations of the Earth with the unprecedented accuracy, which are caused by geophysical phenomena having various space-time scales. In addition, recent developments of global networks for solid-Earth observations and technologies for laboratory experiments have allowed us to obtain higher-quality and finer-resolution geophysical data for elasticity, density, viscosity, pressure, electromagnetic and thermal structures, etc., reflecting three dimensional heterogeneities in the internal Earth. 

The improved geodetic and geophysical data motivate us to interpret the various phenomena, based on dynamic modelling. Through the modelling, we are able to identify the causes of the detected space-time variations and to deepen the understanding of the phenomena. Furthermore, it would help appeal the usefulness of GGOS. 
This JSG consists of scientists working on dynamic modelling using diverse approaches. The targets of the modelling include local, regional and global variations which occur near the surface down to the inner core. To share different perspectives for modelling stimulates the activities of each member and can produce and/or evolve collaborative studies. For which reason, we form a forum within the ICCT. 

===Objectives===

* Development/improvement of forward modelling: 
** Natural phenomena: earthquake, volcano, plate motion, surface fluids, glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), tides and Earth rotation, etc. 
** Properties of the Earth structure to be modelled: elasticity, viscoelasticity, plasticity, poroelasticity, electromagnetic, thermal and chemical properties, heterogeneities and anisotropies in the Earth structure, etc.
** Modelling approaches: analytical, semi-analytical and fully numerical methods and associated approximation methods, etc. 
** Comparison between different theories.
** Opening developed software (if possible).
* Development or improvement of inversion and simulation methods:
** Integration of diverse data.
** Effective processing of a large quantity of data.
** Data assimilation.
** Application of various theories to real observations for new scientific findings.

===Program of activities===

* To launch an e-mail list to share information concerning research results and to interchange ideas for solving related problems.
* To open a web page to share information, such as publication lists and its update.
* To promote international workshops focusing on the above research theme.
* To propel collaborations with closely related joint study groups such as geodetic, seismic and geodynamic constraints on glacial isostatic adjustment, cryospheric deformation and assessing impacts of loading on reference frame realizations.
* To have sessions at international meetings and workshops (EGU, AGU, IAG, Hotine-Marussi Symposium, etc.) as needed.

===Members===

'' '''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Taco Broerse (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; José Fernández (Spain) &lt;br /&gt; Guangyu Fu (China) &lt;br /&gt; Hom Nath Gharti (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Pablo J. González (Spain) &lt;br /&gt; Cheinway Hwang (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Klemann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Zdeněk Martinec (Ireland) &lt;br /&gt; Daniel Melini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Anthony Mémin (France) &lt;br /&gt; Craig Miller (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt; Jun’ichi Okuno (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Riva (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Jeanne Sauber (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Giorgio Spada (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Vajda (Slovak Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wouter van der Wal (Netherlands &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>15663651465588b77bf7dd2f76511a8a3eb3fdb2</sha1>
  </revision>
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    <id>595</id>
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    <text bytes="3856" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.30: Dynamic modeling of deformation, rotation and gravity field variations'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Advancements in the Global Geodetic Observation System (GGOS), and terrestrial, aerial and marine geodetic observations have enabled us to monitor deformation, rotation and gravity field variations of the Earth with the unprecedented accuracy, which are caused by geophysical phenomena having various space-time scales. In addition, recent developments of global networks for solid-Earth observations and technologies for laboratory experiments have allowed us to obtain higher-quality and finer-resolution geophysical data for elasticity, density, viscosity, pressure, electromagnetic and thermal structures, etc., reflecting three dimensional heterogeneities in the internal Earth. 

The improved geodetic and geophysical data motivate us to interpret the various phenomena, based on dynamic modelling. Through the modelling, we are able to identify the causes of the detected space-time variations and to deepen the understanding of the phenomena. Furthermore, it would help appeal the usefulness of GGOS. 
This JSG consists of scientists working on dynamic modelling using diverse approaches. The targets of the modelling include local, regional and global variations which occur near the surface down to the inner core. To share different perspectives for modelling stimulates the activities of each member and can produce and/or evolve collaborative studies. For which reason, we form a forum within the ICCT. 

===Objectives===

* Development/improvement of forward modelling: 
** Natural phenomena: earthquake, volcano, plate motion, surface fluids, glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), tides and Earth rotation, etc. 
** Properties of the Earth structure to be modelled: elasticity, viscoelasticity, plasticity, poroelasticity, electromagnetic, thermal and chemical properties, heterogeneities and anisotropies in the Earth structure, etc.
** Modelling approaches: analytical, semi-analytical and fully numerical methods and associated approximation methods, etc. 
** Comparison between different theories.
** Opening developed software (if possible).
* Development or improvement of inversion and simulation methods:
** Integration of diverse data.
** Effective processing of a large quantity of data.
** Data assimilation.
** Application of various theories to real observations for new scientific findings.

===Program of activities===

* To launch an e-mail list to share information concerning research results and to interchange ideas for solving related problems.
* To open a web page to share information, such as publication lists and its update.
* To promote international workshops focusing on the above research theme.
* To propel collaborations with closely related joint study groups such as geodetic, seismic and geodynamic constraints on glacial isostatic adjustment, cryospheric deformation and assessing impacts of loading on reference frame realizations.
* To have sessions at international meetings and workshops (EGU, AGU, IAG, Hotine-Marussi Symposium, etc.) as needed.

===Members===

'' '''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Shin-Chan Han (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Taco Broerse (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; José Fernández (Spain) &lt;br /&gt; Guangyu Fu (China) &lt;br /&gt; Hom Nath Gharti (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Pablo J. González (Spain) &lt;br /&gt; Cheinway Hwang (Taiwan) &lt;br /&gt; Volker Klemann (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Zdeněk Martinec (Ireland) &lt;br /&gt; Daniel Melini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Anthony Mémin (France) &lt;br /&gt; Craig Miller (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt; Jun’ichi Okuno (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Riva (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Jeanne Sauber (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Giorgio Spada (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Vajda (Slovak Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Wouter van der Wal (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>fc3c77530fcacb0d39e31b7231ec654d784dea9b</sha1>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-09 12:30:54+00|559">
  <title>JSG T.31</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>41</id>
  <revision>
    <id>596</id>
    <parentid>531</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-10T10:05:49Z</timestamp>
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      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
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    <text bytes="2929" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.31: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1 and 4, GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The family of modernized and recently-developed global and regional navigation satellite systems is being further extended by plentiful Low Earth Orbit (LEO) navigation satellites that are almost 20 times closer to Earth as compared to current GNSS satellites. This namely means that navigation sensory data with much stronger signal power will be abundantly available, being in particular attractive in GNSS-challenged environments. Next to the development of new navigation signal transmitters, a rapid growth in the number of mass-market GNSS and software-defined receivers would at the same time demand efficient ways of data processing in terms of computational power and capacity.    

Such a proliferation of multi-system and multi-frequency measurements, that are transmitted and received by mixed-type sensing modes, raises the need for a thorough research into the future of next-generation navigation satellite systems, thereby appealing rigorous theoretical frameworks, models and algorithms that enable such GNSS-LEO integration to serve as a high-accuracy and high-integrity tool for Earth-, atmospheric- and space-sciences. 

===Objectives===

* Identify and investigate challenges that are posed by the integration of multi-GNSS and LEO observations.
* Develop and study proper theory for GNSS integrity and quality control.
* Conduct an in-depth analysis of the mass-market GNSS sensory data such as those of smart-phones. 
* Improve computational efficiency of GNSS parameter estimation and testing in the presence of a huge number of GNSS sensing nodes.
* Investigate the problem of high-dimensional integer ambiguity resolution and validation in a multi-system, multi-frequency landscape.
* Articulate theoretical developments and findings through the journals and conference proceedings. 

===Program of activities===

While the investigation will strongly be based on the theoretical aspects of the GNSS-LEO observation modelling and challenges, they will be also accompanied by numerical studies of both the simulated and real-world data. Given the expertise of each member, the underlying studies will be conducted on both individual and collaborative bases. The output of the group study is to provide the geodesy and GNSS communities with well-documented models and algorithmic methods through the journals and conference proceedings.

===Membership===

'' '''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Ali Reza Amiri-Simkooei (Iran) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Giorgi (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Bofeng Li (China) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Odolinski (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt; Jacek Paziewski (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Dimitrios Psychas (The Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt; Jean-Marie Sleewagen (Belgium) &lt;br /&gt; Peter J.G. Teunissen (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Baocheng Zhang (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>8cbc45e5d807785a1c0284a372bc30d3ac6d5b60</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2020-06-09 12:30:54+00|559">
  <title>JSG T.32</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>42</id>
  <revision>
    <id>597</id>
    <parentid>534</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-10T10:33:36Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
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    <text bytes="7397" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.32: High-rate GNSS for geoscience and mobility'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become for a long time an indispensable tool to get accurate and reliable information about positioning and timing; in addition, GNSS are able to provide information related to physical properties of media passed through by GNSS signals. Therefore, GNSS play a central role both in geodesy and geomatics and in several branches of geophysics, representing a cornerstone for the observation and monitoring of our planet.

So, it is not surprising that, from the very beginning of the GNSS era, the goal was pursued to widen as much as possible the range in space (from local to global) and time (from short to long term) of the observed phenomena, in order to cover the largest possible field of applications, both in science and in engineering. Two additional primary goals were, obviously, to get this information with the highest accuracy and in the shortest time. 

The advances in technology and the deployment of new constellations, after GPS (in the next few years the European Galileo, the Chinese Beidou and the Japanese QZSS will be completed) remarkably contributed to transform this three-goals dream in reality, but still remain significant challenges when very fast phenomena have to be observed, mainly if real-time results are looked for.

Actually, for almost 15 years, starting from the noble birth in seismology, and the very first experiences in structural monitoring, high-rate GNSS has demonstrated its usefulness and power in providing precise positioning information in fast time-varying environments. At the beginning, high-rate observations were mostly limited at 1 Hz, but the technology development provided GNSS equipment (in some cases even at low-cost) able to collect measurements at much higher rates, up to 100 Hz, therefore opening new possibilities, and meanwhile new challenges and problems.

So, it is necessary to think about how to optimally process this potential huge heap of data, in order to supply information of high value for a large (and increasing) variety of applications, some of them listed hereafter without the claim to be exhaustive: better understanding of the geophysical/geodynamical processes mechanics; monitoring of ground shaking and displacement during earthquakes, also for contribution to tsunami early warning; tracking the fast variations of the ionosphere; real-time controlling landslides and the safety of structures; providing detailed trajectories and kinematic parameters (not only position, but also velocity and acceleration) of high dynamic platforms such as airborne sensors, high-speed terrestrial vehicles and even athlete and sport vehicles monitoring.

Further, due to the contemporary technological development of other sensors (hereafter referred as ancillary sensors) related to positioning and kinematics able to collect high-rate data (among which MEMS accelerometers and gyros play a central role, also for their low-cost), the feasibility of a unique device for high-rate observations embedding GNSS receiver and MEMS sensors is real, and it opens, again, new opportunities and problems, first of all related to sensors integration.
In this respect, Android based mass-market devices (smartphones and tablets) are nowadays able to provide 1 Hz raw GNSS measurements (with a growing number of models able to provide multi-constellation and multi-frequency code and phase observations) in addition to the above-mentioned ancillary sensors measurements.

All in all, it is clear that high-rate GNSS (and ancillary sensors) observations represent a great resource for future investigations in Earth sciences and applications in engineering, meanwhile stimulating a due attention from the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information.  This is the why it is worth to open a focus on high-rate (and, if possible, real-time) GNSS within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize the inventories of:
** the available and applied methodologies for high-rate GNSS, in order to highlight their pros and cons and the open problems
** the present and wished applications of high-rate GNSS for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated quantities (geodetic, kinematic, physical), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges
** the technology (hw, both for GNSS and ancillary sensors, and sw, possibly FOSS), pointing out what is ready and what is coming, with a special concern for the supplied observations and for their functional and stochastic modelling with the by-product of establishing a standardized terminology.
* To address known (mostly cross-linked) problems related to high-rate GNSS as (not an exhaustive list): revision and refinement of functional and stochastic models; evaluation and impact of observations time-correlation; impact of multipath and constellation change; outlier detection and removal; issues about GNSS constellations interoperability; ancillary sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and integration.
* To address new problems and future challenges which arise from inventories. 
* To investigate about the interaction with present real-time global (IGS-RT, EUREF-IP, etc.) and regional/local positioning services: how can these services support high-rate GNSS observations and, on reverse, how can they benefit of high-rate GNSS observations

===Program of activities===

* To launch a questionnaire for the above mentioned inventory of methodologies, applications and technologies.
* To open a web page with information concerning high-rate GNSS and its wide applications in science and engineering, with special emphasis on exchange of ideas, raw relevant datasets, provision and updating bibliographic list of references of research results and relevant publications from different disciplines.
* To launch the proposal for two (one science and the other engineering oriented) state-of-the-art review papers in high-rate GNSS co-authored by JSG members.
* To promote sessions and presentation of research results at international symposia both related to Earth science (IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU, EUREF, IGS), engineering (workshops and congresses in structural, geotechnical, mechanical, transport and automotive engineering), and life sciences (sports and health care).

===Membership===

'' '''Mattia Crespi (Italy), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Elisa Benedetti (United Kingdom) &lt;br /&gt; Mara Branzanti (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Liang Chen (China) &lt;br /&gt; Gabriele Colosimo (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Elisabetta D’Anastasio (New Zealand) &lt;br /&gt; Roberto Devoti (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Rui Fernandes (Portugal) &lt;br /&gt; Marco Fortunato (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Athanassios Ganas (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Pan Li (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Alain Geiger (Switzerland) &lt;br /&gt; Jianghui Geng (China) &lt;br /&gt; Dara Goldberg (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Kathleen Hodgkinson (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Shuanggen Jin (China) &lt;br /&gt;  Iwona Kudlacik (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Jan Kaplon (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Augusto Mazzoni (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Joao Francisco Galera Monico (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Héctor Mora Páez (Colombia) &lt;br /&gt; Michela Ravanelli (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Giorgio Savastano (Luxembourg) &lt;br /&gt; Sebastian Riquelme (Chile) &lt;br /&gt; Peiliang Xu (Japan) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2020-06-09 12:30:54+00|559">
  <title>JSG T.33</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>43</id>
  <revision>
    <id>598</id>
    <parentid>537</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-10T10:34:48Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
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    <text bytes="3551" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.33: Time series in geodesy and geodynamics'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: '': Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

It is well known that space geodetic methods are under influence of ionospheric refraction, and therefore from the very beginning of these techniques geodesy deals with the ionosphere. In this context sophisticated methods and models have been developed in order to determine, to represent and to predict the ionosphere. Apart from this the ionosphere fits into another issue called „space weather“, which describes the interactions between the constituents of space and earth. To be more precise space weather means the conditions in space with a significant impact on space-based and ground-based technology as well as on earth and its inhabitants.  Solar radiation, that is electromagnetic emission as well as particle emission, is the main cause or “drive” of space weather.

Originally, geodesy, or to be more precise, space geodetic methods have considered the ionosphere as a disturbing factor that affects signal propagation and that has to be corrected. This (geodetic) perspective has been changed over time and the ionosphere has become a target value so that geodetic observations are used to determine the ionosphere. Different groups have developed models of high quality, e.g. 3D-models which describe the ionosphere as a function of longitude, latitude and time or even 4D-models accounting for the height as well. However, since the ionosphere is a manifestation of space weather, geodesy should contribute to space weather research, and in this respect completely new scientific questions arise, in particular with respect to the so called “geo-effect”, which is the impact of space weather in general.

There are two principal goals of the proposed study group. First, to connect the “geodetic” ionosphere research with solar-terrestrial physics, in order to consider the complete cause-effect-chain. Second, the above mentioned “geo-effect” has to be investigated in detail, which is an important aspect, because modern society depends to a great extent on technology, i.e. technology that can be disturbed, that can be harmed or that even can be destroyed by extreme space weather events

===Objectives===

* improvements and enlargements of ionosphere models (including scintillations)
* geodetic contributions to investigate the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on satellite motion
* geodetic contributions to investigate the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on communication 
* investigations of the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on remote sensing products 
* investigations of the impact of space weather/the ionosphere (extreme events) on terrestrial technical infrastructure (metallic networks, power grids)
* “geodetic observations” of currents (ring current, electrojets)

===Program of activities===

* the maintaining of a website for general information as well as for internal exchange of data sets and results
* organization of a workshop w.r.t. space weather and geo-effects
* publication of important findings

===Membership===

'' '''Klaus Börger (Germany), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Mahmut Onur Karsioglu (Turkey), vice-chair &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Jürgen Matzka (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Barbara Görres (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; George Zhizhao Liu (Hong Kong, China) &lt;br /&gt; Ehsan Forootan (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Hinrichs (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
    <sha1>36b45901368b55a9636a1f189c52f7e71862f8f9</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>599</id>
    <parentid>598</parentid>
    <timestamp>2020-06-10T10:48:11Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
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    <text bytes="7372" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.33: Time series in geodesy and geodynamics'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: '': Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Observations of the space geodesy techniques enable measuring Earth’s gravity variations caused by mass displacement, the change in the Earth’s shape, and the change in the Earth’s rotation. The Earth’s rotation represented by the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) should be observed with possibly the smallest latency to provide real-time transformation between the International Terrestrial and Celestial Reference Frames (ITRF and ICRF). Observed by GRACE missions, redistribution of mass within the fluid layers relative to the solid Earth induces exchange of angular momentum between these layers and solid Earth, changes in the Earth’s inertia tensor.

Redistribution of masses induce temporal variations of Earth's gravity field where 1 degree spherical harmonics correspond to the Earth’s centre of mass variations (long term mean of them determines the ITRF origin) and 2 degree spherical harmonics correspond to Earth rotation changes.  Satellite altimetry enables observation of changes in geometry of sea level and space geodesy techniques enable observations of changes in geometry of the Earth's crust by monitoring horizontal and vertical deformations of site positions.  Sea surface height varies due to thermal expansion of sea water and changes in ocean water mass arising from melting polar ice cap, mountain glacier ice, as well as due to groundwater storage. The site positions which are determined together with satellite orbit parameters (in the case of SLR, GNSS and DORIS) or radio source coordinates (in the case of VLBI) and Earth orientation parameters (x, y pole coordinates, UT1-UTC/LOD and precession-nutation corrections dX, dY) are then used to build the global ITRF which changes due to e.g. plate tectonics, postglacial rebound, atmospheric, hydrology and ocean loading and earthquakes. In these three components of geodesy which should be integrated into one unique physical and mathematical model there are changes that are described by spatial and temporal geodetic time series. 

Different time series analysis methods have been applied to analyze all elements of the Earth’s system for better understanding the mutual relationship between them. The nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is recommended to apply spectra-temporal analyzes methods to analyze and compare these series to explain the mutual interaction between them in different time and different frequency bands. The main problems to deal with is to estimate the deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes described by different noise characters) components in these geodetic time series as well as to apply the appropriate methods of spectra-temporal comparison of these series.   
The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in these data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis should be also considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction. For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful. 

Measurements by space geodetic techniques provide an important contribution to the understanding of climate change. The analysis of Earth rotation and geophysical time series as well as global sea level variations shows that there is a mutual relationship between them for oscillations with periods from a few days to decades. The thermal annual cycle caused by the Earth's orbital motion modified by variable solar activity induces seasonal variations the Earth’s fluid layers, thus in the Earth rotation, sea level variations as well as in the changes of the Earth's gravity field and centre of mass. The interrelationships between the geodetic time series and changes of global troposphere temperature show that they provide very important information about the Earth's climate change (for example global sea level increases faster during El Nino events associated with the increase of global temperature and in this time the increase of length of day can be also noticed).  Thus, the spectra-temporal analysis and comparison of geodetic time series should also include time series associated with solar activity.     

===Objectives===

* Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction.
* Study of Earth's geometry, rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.
* Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.
* Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages.
* Application and development of time frequency analysis methods to detect the relationship between geodetic time series and time series associated with the solar activity in order to solve the problems related to the climate change. 
* Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.
* Detection of reliable station velocities and their uncertainties with taking into account their non-linear motion and environmental loadings and identification of site clusters with similar velocities 
* Deterministic and stochastic modelling and prediction of troposphere and ionosphere parameters for real time precise GNSS positioning. 
* Better Earth Orientation Parameters short-term prediction using the extrapolation models of the fluid excitation functions.  

===Program of activities===

* Organization of a session on time series analysis in geodesy at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium in 2022.
* Co-organization of the PICO sessions "Mathematical methods for the analysis of potential field data and geodetic time series" at the European Geosciences Union General Assemblies in Vienna, Austria.

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Orhan Akyilmaz (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Boehm (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Xavier Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt; Olivier de Viron (France) &lt;br /&gt; Laura Fernandez (Argentina) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Gross (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mahmut O. Karslioglu (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Anna Kłos (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Hans Neuner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Sergei Petrov (Russia) &lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popiński (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michel Van Camp (Belgium) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jan Vondrák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Dawei Zheng (China) &lt;br /&gt; Yonghong Zhou (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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    <text bytes="7371" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.33: Time series in geodesy and geodynamics'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: '': Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Observations of the space geodesy techniques enable measuring Earth’s gravity variations caused by mass displacement, the change in the Earth’s shape, and the change in the Earth’s rotation. The Earth’s rotation represented by the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) should be observed with possibly the smallest latency to provide real-time transformation between the International Terrestrial and Celestial Reference Frames (ITRF and ICRF). Observed by GRACE missions, redistribution of mass within the fluid layers relative to the solid Earth induces exchange of angular momentum between these layers and solid Earth, changes in the Earth’s inertia tensor.

Redistribution of masses induce temporal variations of Earth's gravity field where 1 degree spherical harmonics correspond to the Earth’s centre of mass variations (long term mean of them determines the ITRF origin) and 2 degree spherical harmonics correspond to Earth rotation changes.  Satellite altimetry enables observation of changes in geometry of sea level and space geodesy techniques enable observations of changes in geometry of the Earth's crust by monitoring horizontal and vertical deformations of site positions.  Sea surface height varies due to thermal expansion of sea water and changes in ocean water mass arising from melting polar ice cap, mountain glacier ice, as well as due to groundwater storage. The site positions which are determined together with satellite orbit parameters (in the case of SLR, GNSS and DORIS) or radio source coordinates (in the case of VLBI) and Earth orientation parameters (x, y pole coordinates, UT1-UTC/LOD and precession-nutation corrections dX, dY) are then used to build the global ITRF which changes due to e.g. plate tectonics, postglacial rebound, atmospheric, hydrology and ocean loading and earthquakes. In these three components of geodesy which should be integrated into one unique physical and mathematical model there are changes that are described by spatial and temporal geodetic time series. 

Different time series analysis methods have been applied to analyze all elements of the Earth’s system for better understanding the mutual relationship between them. The nature of considered signals in the geodetic time series is mostly wideband, irregular and non-stationary. Thus, it is recommended to apply spectra-temporal analyzes methods to analyze and compare these series to explain the mutual interaction between them in different time and different frequency bands. The main problems to deal with is to estimate the deterministic (including trend and periodic variations) and stochastic (non-periodic variations and random changes described by different noise characters) components in these geodetic time series as well as to apply the appropriate methods of spectra-temporal comparison of these series.   
The multiple methods of time series analysis may be encouraged to be applied to the preprocessing of raw data from various geodetic measurements in order to promote the quality level of enhancement of signals existing in these data. The topic on the improvement of the edge effects in time series analysis should be also considered, since they may affect the reliability of long-range tendency (trends) estimated from data series as well as the real-time data processing and prediction. For coping with small geodetic samples one can apply simulation-based methods and if the data are sparse, Monte-Carlo simulation or bootstrap technique may be useful. 

Measurements by space geodetic techniques provide an important contribution to the understanding of climate change. The analysis of Earth rotation and geophysical time series as well as global sea level variations shows that there is a mutual relationship between them for oscillations with periods from a few days to decades. The thermal annual cycle caused by the Earth's orbital motion modified by variable solar activity induces seasonal variations the Earth’s fluid layers, thus in the Earth rotation, sea level variations as well as in the changes of the Earth's gravity field and centre of mass. The interrelationships between the geodetic time series and changes of global troposphere temperature show that they provide very important information about the Earth's climate change (for example global sea level increases faster during El Nino events associated with the increase of global temperature and in this time the increase of length of day can be also noticed).  Thus, the spectra-temporal analysis and comparison of geodetic time series should also include time series associated with solar activity.     

===Objectives===

* Study of the nature of geodetic time series to choose optimum time series analysis methods for filtering, spectral analysis, time frequency analysis and prediction.
* Study of Earth's geometry, rotation and gravity field variations and their geophysical causes in different frequency bands.
* Evaluation of appropriate covariance matrices for the time series by applying the law of error propagation to the original measurements, including weighting schemes, regularization, etc.
* Determination of the statistical significance levels of the results obtained by different time series analysis methods and algorithms applied to geodetic time series.
* Comparison of different time series analysis methods in order to point out their advantages and disadvantages.
* Application and development of time frequency analysis methods to detect the relationship between geodetic time series and time series associated with the solar activity in order to solve the problems related to the climate change. 
* Recommendations of different time series analysis methods for solving problems concerning specific geodetic time series.
* Detection of reliable station velocities and their uncertainties with taking into account their non-linear motion and environmental loadings and identification of site clusters with similar velocities 
* Deterministic and stochastic modelling and prediction of troposphere and ionosphere parameters for real time precise GNSS positioning. 
* Better Earth Orientation Parameters short-term prediction using the extrapolation models of the fluid excitation functions.  

===Program of activities===

* Organization of a session on time series analysis in geodesy at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium in 2022.
* Co-organization of the PICO sessions "Mathematical methods for the analysis of potential field data and geodetic time series" at the European Geosciences Union General Assemblies in Vienna, Austria.

===Membership===

'' '''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Orhan Akyilmaz (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Johannes Boehm (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Xavier Collilieux (France) &lt;br /&gt; Olivier de Viron (France) &lt;br /&gt; Laura Fernandez (Argentina) &lt;br /&gt; Richard Gross (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Mahmut O. Karslioglu (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; Anna Kłos (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Hans Neuner (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Tomasz Niedzielski (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Sergei Petrov (Russia) &lt;br /&gt; Waldemar Popiński (Poland) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Schmidt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michel Van Camp (Belgium) &lt;br /&gt; Jan Vondrák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Dawei Zheng (China) &lt;br /&gt; Yonghong Zhou (China) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.34</title>
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    <text bytes="5030" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.34: High-resolution harmonic series  of gravitational and topographic potential fields'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

The resolution of models of the gravitational and topographic potential fields of the Earth and other celestial bodies in the Solar System has increased steadily over the last few decades. These models are most commonly represented as a spherical, spheroidal or ellipsoidal harmonic series. Harmonic series are used in many other areas of science such as geomagnetism, particle physics, planetary geophysics, biochemistry and computer graphics, but geodesists are at the forefront of research into high-resolution harmonic series. 

In recent years, there has been increased interest and activity in high-resolution harmonic modelling (to spherical harmonic degree and order (d/o) 2190 and beyond). In 2019, the first model of the Earth’s gravitational potential in excess of d/o 2190 was listed by the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM). All high-resolution models of gravitational potential fields rely on forward modelling of topography to augment other sources of information. Harmonic models of solely the topographic potential are also becoming more common. Models of the Earth’s topographic potential up to spherical harmonic d/o 21,600 have been developed, and ICGEM has listed topographic gravity field models since 2014. 

The development of high-resolution harmonic models has posed and continues to pose both theoretical and practical challenges for the geodetic community. 
One challenge is the combination of methods for ultra-high d/o harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform). Least-squares-type solutions with full normal equations are popular, but computationally prohibitive at ultra-high d/o. Alternatives are the use of block-diagonal techniques or numerical quadrature techniques. Optimal combination and comparison of the different techniques, including studying the influence of aliasing, requires further study.

A related issue is the development of methods for the optimal combination of data sources in the computation of high-degree harmonic models of the gravitational potential. Methods used for low-degree models cannot always suitably be applied at higher resolution.

Another challenge is dealing with ellipsoidal instead of spherical geometry. Much theory has been developed and applied in terms of spherical harmonics, but the limitations of the spherical harmonic series for use on or near the Earth’s surface have become apparent as the maximum d/o of the harmonic series has increased. The application of spheroidal or ellipsoidal harmonic series has become more widespread, but needs further theoretical development. 

A specific example is spectral forward modelling of the topographic potential field in the ellipsoidal domain. Various methods have been proposed, but these are yet to be compared from both a theoretical and numerical standpoint. There are also still open questions about the divergence effect and the amplification of the omission error in spherical and spheroidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin surface.

A final challenge are numerical instabilities, underflow/overflow and computational efficiency problems in the forward and reverse harmonic transforms. Much progress has been made on this issue in recent years, but further improvements may still be achieved. 

===Objectives===

* Develop and compare combined full least-squares, block-diagonal least-squares and quadrature approaches to very high-degree and order spherical, spheroidal and ellipsoidal harmonic analysis.
* Develop and compare methods to compute high-resolution harmonic potential models using ellipsoidal geometry, either in terms of spherical, spheroidal or ellipsoidal harmonic series.
* Study the divergence effect of ultra-high degree spherical, spheroidal and ellipsoidal harmonic series inside the Brillouin sphere, spheroid and/or ellipsoid.
* Study efficient methods for ultra-high degree and order harmonic analysis (the forward harmonic transform) for a variety of data types and boundary surfaces, as well as harmonic synthesis (the reverse harmonic transform) of various quantities.

===Program of activities===

To facilitate achievement of these objectives, the group will provide a platform for increased collaboration between group members, encouraging exchange of ideas and research results. Working meetings of group members will be organized at major international conferences.

===Membership===

'' '''Sten Claessens (Australia), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Hussein Abd-Elmotaal (Egypt) &lt;br /&gt; Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Christoph Förste (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Toshio Fukushima (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Ropesh Goyal (India) &lt;br /&gt; Christian Hirt (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Norbert Kühtreiber (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Kurt Seitz (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Elmas Sinem Ince (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Philipp Zingerle (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.35</title>
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    <text bytes="3375" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.35: Advanced numerical methods in physical geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Advanced numerical methods and high performance computing (HPC) facilities provide new opportunities in many applications in geodesy. The goal of this JSG is to apply such numerical methods to solve various problems of physical geodesy, mainly gravity field modelling, processing satellite observations, nonlinear data filtering or others. It focuses on a further development of approaches based on discretization numerical methods like the finite element method (FEM), finite volume method (FVM) and boundary element method (BEM) or the meshless collocation techniques like the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) or singular boundary method (SOR). Such approaches allow gravity field modelling in spatial domain while solving the geodetic boundary-value problems (GBVPs) directly on the discretized Earth’s surface. Their parallel implementations and large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory allow high-resolution numerical modelling.

The JSG is also open to new innovative approaches based for example on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, spectral FEM, advection-diffusion equations, or similar approaches of scientific computing. It is also open for researchers dealing with classical approaches of gravity field modelling like the spherical or ellipsoidal harmonics that are using HPC facilities to speed up their processing of enormous amount of input data. This includes large-scale parallel computations on massively parallel architectures as well as heterogeneous parallel computations using graphics processing units (GPUs).

===Objectives===

* Design the FEM, BEM and FVM numerical models for solving GBVPs with the oblique derivative boundary conditions.
* Develop algorithms for a discretization of the Earth’s surface based on adaptive refinement procedures (the BEM approach).
* Develop algorithms for an optimal construction of 3D unstructured meshes above the Earth’s topography (the FVM or FEM approaches).
* Design numerical models based on MFS or SBM for processing the GOCE gravity gradients in spatial domain.
* Design algorithms for 1D along track filtering of satellite data, e.g., from the GOCE satellite mission.
* Develop numerical methods for nonlinear diffusion filtering of data on the Earth’s surface based on solutions of the nonlinear heat equations.
* Investigate innovative approaches based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, spectral FEM or advection-diffusion equations.
* Apply parallel algorithms using MPI procedures.
* Apply large-scale parallel computations on clusters with distributed memory.

===Program of activities===

* Active participation in major geodetic conferences. 
* Working meetings at international symposia.
* Organization of a conference session.

===Membership===

'' '''Róbert Čunderlík (Slovakia), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Petr Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michal Kollár (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Marek Macák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Matej Medľa (Austria) &lt;br /&gt; Karol Mikula (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Zuzana Minarechová (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong) &lt;br /&gt; Zhi Yin (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.36</title>
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    <text bytes="5461" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.36: Dense troposphere and ionosphere sounding'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Giorgio Savastano (Luxembourg)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 4 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Global Navigation Satellite Systems Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) have become an important technique to globally sound the Earth’s atmosphere from space. This technique overcomes some of the main limitations of ground-based remote sensing instruments, increasing the amount of tropospheric and ionospheric data measured over the oceans and under sampled regions.

Up until few years ago, GNSS-RO observations were mainly supported by expensive satellite missions (e.g. COSMIC-1), which implies also considerably high operational costs. A great opportunity was brought in the field by nanosatellites, which are a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 500 kg. These satellites can significantly reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.

In recent years, commercial RO providers (e.g., Spire Global) shifted the paradigm and started operationally producing GNSS-RO data from CubeSats in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). This data was demonstrated to be comparable in quality to larger satellite constellations (e.g., COSMIC-1), but with a denser spatial and temporal coverage. The new paradigm proposed by these commercial companies is that nanosatellites, especially in large numbers, may be more beneficial than using fewer, larger satellites in tasks such as gathering scientific data.

Independent assessments of these commercial data quality were carried out by JPL, UKMO, ESA, NOAA, and NRL, which convinced the international RO community that commercial data are ready to be assimilated by NWP centres and used by scientists to investigate different research topics.

Often, these nanosatellites carry different scientific payloads collecting a large amount of different data (e.g., GNSS-POD solutions, GNSS top ionosphere TEC observations), that could be exploited for several scientific investigations. Furthermore, contemporary technological advances of other low-cost sensors (e.g., in-situ atmospheric sensors, MEMS accelerometers and gyros) opens new opportunity and problems, first of all related to data fusion, validation and sensor integration.
Spire will share data samples (e.g., podGps, atmPhs, podTec, atmPrf) within the members of the study group, in order to promote the development of new algorithms and methodologies for remote sensing of the Earth.

It is clear that this unprecedented dense coverage of troposphere and ionosphere sounding enabled by commercial GNSS-RO CubeSats and dense network of ground-based GNSS receivers represents a great opportunity for future investigations in Earth sciences. This brings the attention to the methodological point of view in order to exploit their full potential and extract the best information. This is the reason why it is worth opening a focus on dense troposphere and ionosphere sounding using GNSS-RO and ground-based GNSS techniques within ICCT.

===Objectives===

* To realize inventories of:
** commercial and publicly available GNSS-RO and ground-based GNSS observations, with a distinction between troposphere and ionosphere observations, and a classification based on the different acquisition parameters (e.g., sampling rate, vertical or temporal resolution, altitude range of acquisition, tracking mode),
** present and wished applications of dense troposphere and ionosphere sounding for science and engineering, with a special concern to the estimated physical quantities (e.g., temperature, pressure and TEC), in order to focus on related problems (still open and possibly new) and draw future challenges.
* To address known problems related to dense troposphere and ionosphere sounding using GNSS-RO observations as (not an exhaustive list): atmospheric anomalies detection, localization and classification; revision and refinement of inversion techniques; temporal variability of receivers DCBs and evaluation of their impact in the calibrated process; data quality assessment and validation; outlier detection and removal; in-situ sensors evaluation, cross-calibration and integration.
* To describe the different analytical and physical implication of combining observations collected with different observational geometries, such as: ground-based receivers tracking signals transmitted by GNSS satellites in MEO and GEO orbits; space-based receivers tracking GNSS signals at different elevation angles (from positive to negative and vice versa). Furthermore, investigate the different ways of combining together these remote sensing observations to retrieve fundamental atmospheric parameters, and disentangle the spatial and temporal variability of the atmosphere.

===Program of activities===

* To organize a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi symposium 2022.
* To convene at international conferences such as IAG/IUGG, EGU, AGU.

===Membership===

'' '''Giorgio Savastano (Luxembourg), chair ''' &lt;br /&gt; Matthew Angling (UK) &lt;br /&gt; Elvira Astafyeva (France) &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Biondi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Mattia Crespi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Kosuke Heki (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; Addisu Hunegnaw (Luxembourg) &lt;br /&gt; Alessandra Mascitelli (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Giovanni Occhipinti (France) &lt;br /&gt; Michela Ravanelli (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Eugenio Realini (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Lucie Rolland (France) &lt;br /&gt; Felix Norman Teferle (Luxembourg) &lt;br /&gt; Jens Wickert (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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  <title>JSG T.37</title>
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    <text bytes="3202" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.37: Theory and methods related to combination of high-resolution topographic/bathymetric models in geodesy'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Daniela Carrion (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''

__TOC__

===Introduction===

Topographic and bathymetric models constitute a fundamental input for geodetic computations, e.g. for the evaluation of terrain effects for local and global geoid estimation. In this regard, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) provided a very significant contribution to the knowledge of terrain heights over land. Great advantages provided by SRTM are the homogeneity of its spatial resolution and its (almost) global coverage. In addition, the spatial resolution of SRTM is adequate for the majority of geodetic applications. The situation is quite different concerning currently available bathymetric models: in this case, the resolution is not homogeneous around the Earth and the level of accuracy can vary considerably from one area to another. In addition, when considering the transition between land surface and sea bottom, the combination of topographic and bathymetric models can be challenging, due to the limitations linked to resolution and accuracy of data and to local datum inconsistencies, which could be neglected in global models. Different combined products are available at global level, such as SRTM+, however the poor knowledge of the sea bottom or datum issues, may lead to problems in geodetic computations and should be further investigated. Apart from geodetic applications, the precise knowledge of the land-sea transition is crucial for modelling of other environmental processes in the coastal zone, such as the impact of sea level change and extreme sea level events such as storm surges and tsunamis.

This JSG aims at studying the available topographic and bathymetric models and at exploring their limitations, in particular concerning the transition along the coasts.

===Objectives===

* Highlight the issues of the topography/sea bottom transition through literature examples. 
* Analyse available data on global and local topographic and bathymetric models, highlighting the issues, based also on personal research experience.
* Verify the quality of the transition through test cases.
* Suggest best practices for combination of models.
* Identify the need for data acquisition in specific areas.

===Program of activities===

* Explore available data and literature research. 
* Propose review papers concerning the state of the art knowledge on the combination of topographic and bathymetric models.
* Cooperate with IAG Commissions and other JSGs.
* Organize meetings, workshops and sessions at selected conferences, e.g., during Hotine-Marussi 2022.

===Membership===

'' '''Daniela Carrion (Italy), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Mattia Crespi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; Vassilios Grigoriadis (Greece) &lt;br /&gt; Karsten Jacobsen   (Germany) &lt;br /&gt; Kevin Kelly (US) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Kuhn (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Cornelis Slobbe (Netherlands) &lt;br /&gt;Roberto Teixeira Luz (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Ana Cristina de Matos (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Dan Palcu (Brazil) &lt;br /&gt; Ionut Sandric (Romania) &lt;br /&gt; Georgios S. Vergos (Greece) &lt;br /&gt;''</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2021-11-16 14:15:35+00|609">
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    <text bytes="1185" xml:space="preserve">* Main menu
** mainpage|Main page
** Organization|Organization
** Vision|Vision and objectives
** Steering commitee
** Study_groups|Joint study groups
** Logo|Our Logo
** Links|Links
** News|News
** Announcements|Hotine-Marussi 2009
** HM2013|Hotine-Marussi 2013
** Hotine-Marussi_2018|Hotine-Marussi 2018
** Hotine-Marussi_2022|Hotine-Marussi 2022
** Mid-term_report_2007-09|Mid-term report 2007-09
** Final_report_2007-11|Final report 2007-11
** Mid-term_report_2011-13|Mid-term report 2011-13
** Final_report_2011-15|Final report 2011-15
** Mid-term_report 2015-17|Mid-term report 2015-17
** Final_report_2015-19|Final report 2015-19
** Forum|Forum

* Joint study groups
** JSG0.10|Joint study group T.23
** JSG0.11|Joint study group T.24
** JSG0.12|Joint study group T.25
** JSG0.13|Joint study group T.26
** JSG0.14|Joint study group T.27
** JSG0.15|Joint study group T.28
** JSG0.16|Joint study group T.29
** JSG0.17|Joint study group T.30
** JSG0.18|Joint study group T.31
** JSG0.19|Joint study group T.32
** JSG0.20|Joint study group T.33
** JSG0.21|Joint study group T.34
** JSG0.22|Joint study group T.35
** JSG T.36|Joint study group T.36
** JSG T.37|Joint study group T.37</text>
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    <text bytes="4774" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, G. Blewitt, R. Pail, M. Hashimoto, M. Santos, R. Gross, D. Tsoulis, R. Čunderlík, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, J. Huang, R. Tenzer, A. Khodabandeh, S. Claessens, W. Kosek, K. Börger, Y. Tanaka, A. Dermanis, V. Michel

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, A. Mazzoni, F. Fratarcangeli, R. Ravanelli, A. Mascitelli, M. Ravanelli, M. Di Tullio, V. Belloni, G. Savastano, A. Nascetti, G. Colosimo, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, M. Di Rita, P. Capaldo, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,

It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 18-22, 2018''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
 
All details about the symposium, its scientific programe and venue are available at the [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018 symposium website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines at the website of the symposium.

'''Deadline for submission is 18 February 2018'''. 

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by 25 March 2018'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction are available through the [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018 symposium website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG Symposia Series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2018''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2013 website.
They include:
*	symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	night tour of the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome and a social dinner. Moreover, a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei], the oldest scientific academy in the world established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, will be held on 19 June 2018. Its programme will consist of 6 invited talks focused on interactions of geodesy and
*       oceanography
*	glaciology
*	atmosphere
*	mathematics
*	solid Earth system structure from space
*	seismology


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4055" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The X Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 13-17, 2022=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, R. Barzaghi, C. Kotsakis, M. Reguzzoni, J. Bogusz, A. Kealy, M. Schmidt, J. Müller, B. Li, M. Santos, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, R. Tenzer, J. Huang, A. Calabia, D. Tsoulis, B. Soja, Y. Tanaka, A. Khodabandeh, A. Kłos, S. Claessens, R. Čunderlík, G. Savastano, D. Carrion

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

R. Barzaghi, B. Betti, F. Migliaccio, A. Albertella, M. Reguzzoni, G. Venuti, D. Carrion, C. De Gaetani, L. Rossi, C. Vajani


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the jubillee '''X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy''', which will be held at '''Politecnico di Milano, Italy on June 13-17, 2022''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).


All details about the symposium, its scientific program and venue are available at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related contributions are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in the Leonardo da Vinci Campus. The venue can be reached by the underground (Piola Station, Green Line).

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Milan, so that an '''early registration and accommodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Deadline for abstract submission is February 18, 2022'''; the guidelines will be available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the corresponding author by March 25, 2022'''.

Upon abstract submission, the corresponding author will have to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision on the form of presentation will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for the '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the International Association of Geodesy Symposia series [https://www.springer.com/series/1345].

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2022''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

They include:
*	symposium proceedings (electronic form)
*	coffee breaks
*	social tour 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Milan and a social dinner

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4050" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The X Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 13-17, 2022=

'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, R. Barzaghi, C. Kotsakis, M. Reguzzoni, J. Bogusz, A. Kealy, M. Schmidt, J. Müller, B. Li, M. Santos, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, R. Tenzer, J. Huang, A. Calabia, D. Tsoulis, B. Soja, Y. Tanaka, A. Khodabandeh, A. Kłos, S. Claessens, R. Čunderlík, G. Savastano, D. Carrion

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

R. Barzaghi, B. Betti, F. Migliaccio, A. Albertella, M. Reguzzoni, G. Venuti, D. Carrion, C. De Gaetani, L. Rossi, C. Vajani

----

Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the jubillee '''X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy''', which will be held at '''Politecnico di Milano, Italy on June 13-17, 2022''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).

All details about the symposium, its scientific program and venue are available at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related contributions are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in the Leonardo da Vinci Campus. The venue can be reached by the underground (Piola Station, Green Line).

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Milan, so that an '''early registration and accommodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Deadline for abstract submission is February 18, 2022'''; the guidelines will be available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the corresponding author by March 25, 2022'''.

Upon abstract submission, the corresponding author will have to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision on the form of presentation will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for the '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the International Association of Geodesy Symposia series [https://www.springer.com/series/1345].

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2022''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

They include:
*	symposium proceedings (electronic form)
*	coffee breaks
*	social tour 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Milan and a social dinner

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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=The X Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 13-17, 2022=

'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, R. Barzaghi, C. Kotsakis, M. Reguzzoni, J. Bogusz, A. Kealy, M. Schmidt, J. Müller, B. Li, M. Santos, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, R. Tenzer, J. Huang, A. Calabia, D. Tsoulis, B. Soja, Y. Tanaka, A. Khodabandeh, A. Kłos, S. Claessens, R. Čunderlík, G. Savastano, D. Carrion

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

R. Barzaghi, B. Betti, F. Migliaccio, A. Albertella, M. Reguzzoni, G. Venuti, D. Carrion, C. De Gaetani, L. Rossi, C. Vajani

----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the jubillee '''X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy''', which will be held at '''Politecnico di Milano, Italy on June 13-17, 2022''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).

All details about the symposium, its scientific program and venue are available at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related contributions are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in the Leonardo da Vinci Campus. The venue can be reached by the underground (Piola Station, Green Line).

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Milan, so that an '''early registration and accommodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Deadline for abstract submission is February 18, 2022'''; the guidelines will be available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the corresponding author by March 25, 2022'''.

Upon abstract submission, the corresponding author will have to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision on the form of presentation will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for the '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the International Association of Geodesy Symposia series [https://www.springer.com/series/1345].

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2022''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

They include:
*	symposium proceedings (electronic form)
*	coffee breaks
*	social tour 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Milan and a social dinner

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4056" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The X Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 13-17, 2022=

'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, R. Barzaghi, C. Kotsakis, M. Reguzzoni, J. Bogusz, A. Kealy, M. Schmidt, J. Müller, B. Li, M. Santos, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, R. Tenzer, J. Huang, A. Calabia, D. Tsoulis, B. Soja, Y. Tanaka, A. Khodabandeh, A. Kłos, S. Claessens, R. Čunderlík, G. Savastano, D. Carrion

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

R. Barzaghi, B. Betti, F. Migliaccio, A. Albertella, M. Reguzzoni, G. Venuti, D. Carrion, C. De Gaetani, L. Rossi, C. Vajani

----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the jubillee '''X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy''', which will be held at '''Politecnico di Milano, Italy on June 13-17, 2022''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).

All details about the symposium, its scientific program and venue are available at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related contributions are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in the Leonardo da Vinci Campus. The venue can be reached by the underground (Piola Station, Green Line).

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Milan, so that an '''early registration and accommodation booking is highly recommended'''.


===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Deadline for abstract submission is February 18, 2022'''; the guidelines will be available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the corresponding author by March 25, 2022'''.

Upon abstract submission, the corresponding author will have to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision on the form of presentation will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for the '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the International Association of Geodesy Symposia series [https://www.springer.com/series/1345].


===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2022''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

They include:
*	symposium proceedings (electronic form)
*	coffee breaks
*	social tour 
*	social dinner


===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Milan and a social dinner

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4057" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The X Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 13-17, 2022=

'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, R. Barzaghi, C. Kotsakis, M. Reguzzoni, J. Bogusz, A. Kealy, M. Schmidt, J. Müller, B. Li, M. Santos, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, R. Tenzer, J. Huang, A. Calabia, D. Tsoulis, B. Soja, Y. Tanaka, A. Khodabandeh, A. Kłos, S. Claessens, R. Čunderlík, G. Savastano, D. Carrion

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

R. Barzaghi, B. Betti, F. Migliaccio, A. Albertella, M. Reguzzoni, G. Venuti, D. Carrion, C. De Gaetani, L. Rossi, C. Vajani

----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the jubillee '''X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy''', which will be held at '''Politecnico di Milano, Italy on June 13-17, 2022''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).

All details about the symposium, its scientific program and venue are available at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related contributions are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in the Leonardo da Vinci Campus. The venue can be reached by the underground (Piola Station, Green Line).

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Milan, so that an '''early registration and accommodation booking is highly recommended'''.


===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Deadline for abstract submission is February 18, 2022'''; the guidelines will be available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the corresponding author by March 25, 2022'''.

Upon abstract submission, the corresponding author will have to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision on the form of presentation will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for the '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the International Association of Geodesy Symposia series [https://www.springer.com/series/1345].


===Registration fees===

Three kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2022''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

They include:
*	symposium proceedings (electronic form)
*	coffee breaks
*	social tour 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Milan and a social dinner

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4102" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The X Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 13-17, 2022=

'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, R. Barzaghi, C. Kotsakis, M. Reguzzoni, J. Bogusz, A. Kealy, M. Schmidt, J. Müller, B. Li, M. Santos, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, R. Tenzer, J. Huang, A. Calabia, D. Tsoulis, B. Soja, Y. Tanaka, A. Khodabandeh, A. Kłos, S. Claessens, R. Čunderlík, G. Savastano, D. Carrion

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

R. Barzaghi, B. Betti, F. Migliaccio, A. Albertella, M. Reguzzoni, G. Venuti, D. Carrion, C. De Gaetani, L. Rossi, C. Vajani

----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the jubillee '''X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy''', which will be held at '''Politecnico di Milano, Italy on June 13-17, 2022''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).

All details about the symposium, its scientific program and venue are available at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related contributions are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in the Leonardo da Vinci Campus. The venue can be reached by the underground (Piola Station, Green Line).

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Milan, so that an '''early registration and accommodation booking is highly recommended'''.


===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Deadline for abstract submission is February 18, 2022'''; the guidelines will be available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the corresponding author by March 25, 2022'''.

Upon abstract submission, the corresponding author will have to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision on the form of presentation will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for the '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the International Association of Geodesy Symposia series [https://www.springer.com/series/1345 International Association of Geodesy Symposia].

===Registration fees===

Three kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2022''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

They include:
*	symposium proceedings (electronic form)
*	coffee breaks
*	social tour 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Milan and a social dinner

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4056" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The X Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 13-17, 2022=

'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, R. Barzaghi, C. Kotsakis, M. Reguzzoni, J. Bogusz, A. Kealy, M. Schmidt, J. Müller, B. Li, M. Santos, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, R. Tenzer, J. Huang, A. Calabia, D. Tsoulis, B. Soja, Y. Tanaka, A. Khodabandeh, A. Kłos, S. Claessens, R. Čunderlík, G. Savastano, D. Carrion

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

R. Barzaghi, B. Betti, F. Migliaccio, A. Albertella, M. Reguzzoni, G. Venuti, D. Carrion, C. De Gaetani, L. Rossi, C. Vajani

----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the jubillee '''X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy''', which will be held at '''Politecnico di Milano, Italy on June 13-17, 2022''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).

All details about the symposium, its scientific program and venue are available at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related contributions are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in the Leonardo da Vinci Campus. The venue can be reached by the underground (Piola Station, Green Line).

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Milan, so that an '''early registration and accommodation booking is highly recommended'''.


===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Deadline for abstract submission is February 18, 2022'''; the guidelines will be available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the corresponding author by March 25, 2022'''.

Upon abstract submission, the corresponding author will have to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision on the form of presentation will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for the '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the [https://www.springer.com/series/1345 International Association of Geodesy Symposia] series.

===Registration fees===

Three kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2022''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

They include:
*	symposium proceedings (electronic form)
*	coffee breaks
*	social tour 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Milan and a social dinner

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4058" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The X Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 13-17, 2022=

'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, R. Barzaghi, C. Kotsakis, M. Reguzzoni, J. Bogusz, A. Kealy, M. Schmidt, J. Müller, B. Li, M. Santos, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, R. Tenzer, J. Huang, A. Calabia, D. Tsoulis, B. Soja, Y. Tanaka, A. Khodabandeh, A. Kłos, S. Claessens, R. Čunderlík, G. Savastano, D. Carrion

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

R. Barzaghi, B. Betti, F. Migliaccio, A. Albertella, M. Reguzzoni, G. Venuti, D. Carrion, C. De Gaetani, L. Rossi, C. Vajani

----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the jubillee '''X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy''', which will be held at '''Politecnico di Milano, Italy on June 13-17, 2022''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).

All details about the symposium, its scientific program and venue are available at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related contributions are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in the Leonardo da Vinci Campus. The venue can be reached by the underground (Piola Station, Green Line).

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Milan, so that an '''early registration and accommodation booking is highly recommended'''.


===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Deadline for abstract submission is February 18, 2022'''; the guidelines will be available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the corresponding author by March 25, 2022'''.

Upon abstract submission, the corresponding author will have to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision on the form of presentation will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for the '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the [https://www.springer.com/series/1345 International Association of Geodesy Symposia] series.


===Registration fees===

Three kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2022''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

They include:
*	symposium proceedings (electronic form)
*	coffee breaks
*	social tour 
*	social dinner


===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Milan and a social dinner

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4060" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The X Hotine-Marussi Symposium, Milan, June 13-17, 2022=

'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, R. Barzaghi, C. Kotsakis, M. Reguzzoni, J. Bogusz, A. Kealy, M. Schmidt, J. Müller, B. Li, M. Santos, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, R. Tenzer, J. Huang, A. Calabia, D. Tsoulis, B. Soja, Y. Tanaka, A. Khodabandeh, A. Kłos, S. Claessens, R. Čunderlík, G. Savastano, D. Carrion

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

R. Barzaghi, B. Betti, F. Migliaccio, A. Albertella, M. Reguzzoni, G. Venuti, D. Carrion, C. De Gaetani, L. Rossi, C. Vajani

----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the jubillee '''X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy''', which will be held at '''Politecnico di Milano, Italy on June 13-17, 2022''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).

All details about the symposium, its scientific program and venue are available at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related contributions are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in the Leonardo da Vinci Campus. The venue can be reached by the underground (Piola Station, Green Line).

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Milan, so that an '''early registration and accommodation booking is highly recommended'''.


===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Deadline for abstract submission is February 18, 2022'''; the guidelines will be available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the corresponding author by March 25, 2022'''.

Upon abstract submission, the corresponding author will have to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision on the form of presentation will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for the '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the [https://www.springer.com/series/1345 International Association of Geodesy Symposia] series.


===Registration fees===

Three kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2022''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

They include:
*	symposium proceedings (electronic form)
*	coffee breaks
*	social tour 
*	social dinner


===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Milan and a social dinner

We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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    <text bytes="4061" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The X Hotine-Marussi Symposium, Milan, June 13-17, 2022=

'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, R. Barzaghi, C. Kotsakis, M. Reguzzoni, J. Bogusz, A. Kealy, M. Schmidt, J. Müller, B. Li, M. Santos, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, R. Tenzer, J. Huang, A. Calabia, D. Tsoulis, B. Soja, Y. Tanaka, A. Khodabandeh, A. Kłos, S. Claessens, R. Čunderlík, G. Savastano, D. Carrion

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

R. Barzaghi, B. Betti, F. Migliaccio, A. Albertella, M. Reguzzoni, G. Venuti, D. Carrion, C. De Gaetani, L. Rossi, C. Vajani

----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,
 
It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the jubillee '''X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy''', which will be held at '''Politecnico di Milano, Italy on June 13-17, 2022''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).

All details about the symposium, its scientific program and venue are available at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related contributions are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.


===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, in the Leonardo da Vinci Campus. The venue can be reached by the underground (Piola Station, Green Line).

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Milan, so that an '''early registration and accommodation booking is highly recommended'''.


===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Deadline for abstract submission is February 18, 2022'''; the guidelines will be available on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the corresponding author by March 25, 2022'''.

Upon abstract submission, the corresponding author will have to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision on the form of presentation will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for the '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction will be available through the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the [https://www.springer.com/series/1345 International Association of Geodesy Symposia] series.


===Registration fees===

Three kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2022''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022 website.

They include:
*	symposium proceedings (electronic form)
*	coffee breaks
*	social tour 
*	social dinner


===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Milan and a social dinner

We look forward to welcome you in Milan!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
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  <title>Hotine-Marussi 2018</title>
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    <text bytes="4774" xml:space="preserve">===Announcement and call for papers===

=The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium Rome, June 18-22, 2018=


'''Scientific Committee'''

P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò, G. Blewitt, R. Pail, M. Hashimoto, M. Santos, R. Gross, D. Tsoulis, R. Čunderlík, M. Šprlák, K. Sośnica, J. Huang, R. Tenzer, A. Khodabandeh, S. Claessens, W. Kosek, K. Börger, Y. Tanaka, A. Dermanis, V. Michel

'''Local Organizing Committee'''

M. Crespi, A. Mazzoni, F. Fratarcangeli, R. Ravanelli, A. Mascitelli, M. Ravanelli, M. Di Tullio, V. Belloni, G. Savastano, A. Nascetti, G. Colosimo, E. Benedetti, M. Branzanti, M. Di Rita, P. Capaldo, F. Pieralice


----


Dear Colleagues and Friends,

It is both our privilege and pleasure to invite you to the '''IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium''', which will be held at the '''Faculty of Engineering of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy on June 18-22, 2018''', under the scientific coordination of the Intercommission Committee on Theory (ICCT) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
 
All details about the symposium, its scientific programe and venue are available at the [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018 symposium website].


===Objectives===

The main goals of the Symposium are aligned with the objectives of the ICCT:
*	advances in theoretical geodesy
*	developments in geodetic modelling and data processing in the light of the recent advances of the geodetic observing systems
*	connections and contribution exchanges between geodesy and other Earth sciences 

In particular, '''all the topics regarding the activities of the [http://icct.kma.zcu.cz/index.php?title=Study_groups ICCT Study Groups] are of interest''' and related papers are strongly encouraged.

Further, also papers concerning other topics related to the possible interaction and mutual benefits between geodetic theory and methodology and other initiatives/projects involving Earth sciences (for example the [http://www.earthobservations.org/index.shtml Group on Earth Observation]) are welcome.

===Venue===

The Symposium will be held at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, in the ancient chiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietro in Vincoli, where the worldwide known Michelangelo's statue Moses is placed. The Symposium location is downtown Rome, at walking distance from the Colosseo, Fori Imperiali and many other famous archaeological sites and monuments.

Please, mind that June is a high-season tourist period in Rome, so that an '''early registration and accomodation booking is highly recommended'''.

===Abstracts, presentations and papers===

'''Abstracts''' should be prepared according to guidelines at the website of the symposium.

'''Deadline for submission is 18 February 2018'''. 

Each abstract will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee and its '''eventual acceptance will be notified by e-mail to the Corresponding Author by 25 March 2018'''.

Upon abstract submission, the Corresponding Author will need to indicate '''the preference for oral or poster presentation'''. However, the final decision for the presentation form will be taken by the Scientific Committee during the abstract review.

Guidelines for '''full paper''' submission for peer-review and related formatting instruction are available through the [https://sites.google.com/uniroma1.it/hotinemarussi2018 symposium website]. 

Accepted papers will be published by Springer as a volume of the official IAG Symposia Series.

===Registration fees===

Two kinds of registration fees are distinguished:
*	regular registration:	 450 Euro
*	student registration:	 250 Euro (confirmation of student status by supervisor required)
*       one-day registration:    100 Euro

An additional 50 Euro fee will be charged for late registration ('''after 1 April 2018''').

The registration fees can be paid by bank transfer or credit card according to the information that is published on the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2018 website.
They include:
*	symposium proceedings
*	coffee breaks
*	night tour of the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel 
*	social dinner

===Social programme===

The scientific programme will be complemented with a social one, including a tour in Rome and a social dinner. Moreover, a special session at the [http://www.lincei.it/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=showpage&amp;pid=60 Accademia dei Lincei], the oldest scientific academy in the world established in 1603 by Federico Cesi, will be held on 19 June 2018. Its programme will consist of 6 invited talks focused on interactions of geodesy and
*       oceanography
*	glaciology
*	atmosphere
*	mathematics
*	solid Earth system structure from space
*	seismology


We look forward to welcome you in Rome!


P. Novák, M. Crespi, N. Sneeuw, F. Sansò</text>
    <sha1>af98f2e165fe45b9b69c2dd14a0484fabc3ce1e1</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2021-11-16 14:15:35+00|609">
  <title>Organization</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>4</id>
  <revision>
    <id>622</id>
    <parentid>559</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-30T21:15:16Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Steering comitee */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1391" xml:space="preserve">=== Steering comitee ===

'''President:''' ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vice-President:''' ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Past-President:''' ''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 1: Christopher Kotsakis (Greece)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 2: Mirko Reguzzoni	(Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 3: Janusz Bogusz (Poland)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 4: Allison Kealy (Australia)''&lt;br /&gt;
''GGOS: Michael Schmidt (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IGFS: Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IERS: Jürgen Müller (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''IAG: Bofeng Li (China)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IAG: Marcelo Santos (Canada)''&lt;br /&gt;

=== President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Mattia Crespi, PhD.'''
 Geodesy and Geomatics Division
 Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering
 Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering  
 University of Rome "La Sapienza"
 via Eudossiana, 18 
 00184 Roma 
 Italy
 Phone: ++39 06 44585097
 Fax: ++39 0649915097 
 Email: [mailto:mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it]
 https://sites.google.com/a/uniroma1.it/mattiacrespi-eng/</text>
    <sha1>b5a637ae294f5d379ee4e82fe13380a16ae6b87a</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>623</id>
    <parentid>622</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-30T21:23:56Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Steering comitee */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1601" xml:space="preserve">=== Steering commitee ===

'''President:''' ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vice-President:''' ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Past-President:''' ''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 1: Paul Rebischung (France)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 2: Robert Tenzer	(Hong Kong)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 3: Janusz Bogusz (Poland)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 4: Katarzyna Stępniak (Poland)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IGFS: Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IERS: Geoffrey Blewitt (USA)''&lt;br /&gt;
''GGOS: Michael Schmidt (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''ICCC: Marius Schlaack (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''ICCM: Shun-ichi Watanabe (Japan)''&lt;br /&gt;
''QuGe: Jakob Flury (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Members at large:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Laura Fernandez (Argentina)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Yap Loudi (Cameroon)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representative of Early Career Scientists:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Michela Ravanelli (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;

=== President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Mattia Crespi, PhD.'''
 Geodesy and Geomatics Division
 Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering
 Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering  
 University of Rome "La Sapienza"
 via Eudossiana, 18 
 00184 Roma 
 Italy
 Phone: ++39 06 44585097
 Fax: ++39 0649915097 
 Email: [mailto:mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it]
 https://sites.google.com/a/uniroma1.it/mattiacrespi-eng/</text>
    <sha1>4efe806c558300df95daf0d766b6c532bc7e0d03</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>624</id>
    <parentid>623</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-30T21:24:46Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* President */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1606" xml:space="preserve">=== Steering commitee ===

'''President:''' ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vice-President:''' ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Past-President:''' ''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 1: Paul Rebischung (France)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 2: Robert Tenzer	(Hong Kong)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 3: Janusz Bogusz (Poland)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 4: Katarzyna Stępniak (Poland)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IGFS: Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IERS: Geoffrey Blewitt (USA)''&lt;br /&gt;
''GGOS: Michael Schmidt (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''ICCC: Marius Schlaack (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''ICCM: Shun-ichi Watanabe (Japan)''&lt;br /&gt;
''QuGe: Jakob Flury (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Members at large:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Laura Fernandez (Argentina)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Yap Loudi (Cameroon)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representative of Early Career Scientists:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Michela Ravanelli (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;

=== Past-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD.'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Prof. Mattia Crespi, PhD.'''
 Geodesy and Geomatics Division
 Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering
 Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering  
 University of Rome "La Sapienza"
 via Eudossiana, 18 
 00184 Roma 
 Italy
 Phone: ++39 06 44585097
 Fax: ++39 0649915097 
 Email: [mailto:mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it]
 https://sites.google.com/a/uniroma1.it/mattiacrespi-eng/</text>
    <sha1>519cff35645029d4b1eb009c0cc44e335ac9fad8</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>625</id>
    <parentid>624</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-30T21:39:04Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="1925" xml:space="preserve">=== Steering commitee ===

'''President:''' ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vice-President:''' ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Past-President:''' ''Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representatives:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 1: Paul Rebischung (France)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 2: Robert Tenzer	(Hong Kong)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 3: Janusz Bogusz (Poland)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Commission 4: Katarzyna Stępniak (Poland)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IGFS: Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;
''IERS: Geoffrey Blewitt (USA)''&lt;br /&gt;
''GGOS: Michael Schmidt (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''ICCC: Marius Schlaack (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
''ICCM: Shun-ichi Watanabe (Japan)''&lt;br /&gt;
''QuGe: Jakob Flury (Germany)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Members at large:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Laura Fernandez (Argentina)''&lt;br /&gt;
''Yap Loudi (Cameroon)''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Representative of Early Career Scientists:'''&lt;br /&gt;
''Michela Ravanelli (Italy)''&lt;br /&gt;

=== President ===

 '''Prof. Mattia Crespi, PhD'''
 Geodesy and Geomatics Division
 Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering
 Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering  
 University of Rome "La Sapienza"
 via Eudossiana, 18 
 00184 Roma 
 Italy
 Phone: ++39 06 44585097
 Email: [mailto:mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it mattia.crespi@uniroma1.it]
 https://sites.google.com/a/uniroma1.it/mattiacrespi-eng/

=== Vice-President ===

 '''Dr. Amir Khodabandeh, PhD'''
 Department of Infrastructure Engineering 
 The University of Melbourne
 Grattan Street, Parkville
 Victoria, 3010, 
 Australia
 Phone: +61383445411
 Email: [mailto:akhodabandeh@unimelb.edu.au akhodabandeh@unimelb.edu.au]
 https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/profile/827368-amir-khodabandeh

=== Past-President ===

 '''Prof. Ing. Pavel Novák, PhD'''
 Department of Mathematics
 University of West Bohemia
 Univerzitni 22
 306 14 Plzeň
 Czech Republic
 Phone: ++420 377 632676
 Fax: ++420 377 632602
 Email: [mailto:panovak@kma.zcu.cz panovak@kma.zcu.cz]
 http://www.kma.zcu.cz/novak</text>
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  </revision>
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<page arvcontinue="2021-11-16 14:15:35+00|609">
  <title>Vision</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>5</id>
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    <timestamp>2024-08-30T22:14:14Z</timestamp>
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      <id>4</id>
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    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2932" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities, namely commissions, services and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011. At the IUGG XXIV Assembly in Prague, 2015, ICCT became a permanent entity within the IAG structure.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements 
(i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and 
(ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, 
ICCT 
(1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; 
(2) provides the channel of communication amongst different IAG entities of commissions, services and projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; 
(3) helps IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. ICCT strives to attract and serve as home to all mathematically motivated and oriented geodesists as well as to applied mathematicians; and 
(4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are &lt;br /&gt;
• to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to monitor developments in geodetic methodology &lt;br /&gt;
To achieve these objectives, ICCT interacts and collaborates with other IAG entities (Commissions, Services, GGOS, other ICCs, Projects).

==Program of Activities==

The ICCT's program of activities include &lt;br /&gt;
• participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences such as IAG Assemblies, EGU General Assemblies and AGU Meetings, &lt;br /&gt;
• organization of Hotine-Marussi Symposia, &lt;br /&gt;
• initiation of summer schools on theoretical geodesy, &lt;br /&gt;
• and maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
    <sha1>fe11ce37a98e085ce995e6d9aa7e3976f25126ae</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>627</id>
    <parentid>626</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-30T22:15:07Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Terms of Reference */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2935" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities, namely commissions, services and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011. At the IUGG XXIV Assembly in Prague, 2015, ICCT became a permanent entity within the IAG structure.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements 

(i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and 
(ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, 

ICCT 

(1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; 
(2) provides the channel of communication amongst different IAG entities of commissions, services and projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; 
(3) helps IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. ICCT strives to attract and serve as home to all mathematically motivated and oriented geodesists as well as to applied mathematicians; and 
(4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are &lt;br /&gt;
• to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to monitor developments in geodetic methodology &lt;br /&gt;
To achieve these objectives, ICCT interacts and collaborates with other IAG entities (Commissions, Services, GGOS, other ICCs, Projects).

==Program of Activities==

The ICCT's program of activities include &lt;br /&gt;
• participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences such as IAG Assemblies, EGU General Assemblies and AGU Meetings, &lt;br /&gt;
• organization of Hotine-Marussi Symposia, &lt;br /&gt;
• initiation of summer schools on theoretical geodesy, &lt;br /&gt;
• and maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
    <sha1>63402797fc5d0f50a3bf04336c9faadb4e59e4da</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>628</id>
    <parentid>627</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-30T22:16:28Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Terms of Reference */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2932" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities, namely commissions, services and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011. At the IUGG XXIV Assembly in Prague, 2015, ICCT became a permanent entity within the IAG structure.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements 
(i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and 
(ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, 
ICCT 
(1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; 
(2) provides the channel of communication amongst different IAG entities of commissions, services and projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; 
(3) helps IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. ICCT strives to attract and serve as home to all mathematically motivated and oriented geodesists as well as to applied mathematicians; and 
(4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are &lt;br /&gt;
• to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to monitor developments in geodetic methodology &lt;br /&gt;
To achieve these objectives, ICCT interacts and collaborates with other IAG entities (Commissions, Services, GGOS, other ICCs, Projects).

==Program of Activities==

The ICCT's program of activities include &lt;br /&gt;
• participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences such as IAG Assemblies, EGU General Assemblies and AGU Meetings, &lt;br /&gt;
• organization of Hotine-Marussi Symposia, &lt;br /&gt;
• initiation of summer schools on theoretical geodesy, &lt;br /&gt;
• and maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
    <sha1>fe11ce37a98e085ce995e6d9aa7e3976f25126ae</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>629</id>
    <parentid>628</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-30T22:17:59Z</timestamp>
    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <comment>/* Terms of Reference */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="2974" xml:space="preserve">==Terms of Reference==

The Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) was formally approved and established after the IUGG XXI Assembly in Sapporo, 2003, to succeed the former IAG Section IV on General Theory and Methodology and, more importantly, to interact actively and directly with other IAG entities, namely commissions, services and the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). In accordance with the IAG by-laws, the first two 4-year periods were reviewed in 2011. IAG approved the continuation of ICCT at the IUGG XXIII Assembly in Melbourne, 2011. At the IUGG XXIV Assembly in Prague, 2015, ICCT became a permanent entity within the IAG structure.

Recognizing that observing systems in all branches of geodesy have advanced to such an extent that geodetic measurements &lt;br /&gt;
(i) are now of unprecedented accuracy and quality, can readily cover a region of any scale up to tens of thousands of kilometres, yield non-conventional data types, and can be provided continuously; and &lt;br /&gt;
(ii) consequently, demand advanced mathematical modelling in order to obtain the maximum benefit of such technological advance, &lt;br /&gt;
ICCT &lt;br /&gt;
(1) strongly encourages frontier mathematical and physical research, directly motivated by geodetic need and practice, as a contribution to science and engineering in general and theoretical foundations of geodesy in particular; &lt;br /&gt;
(2) provides the channel of communication amongst different IAG entities of commissions, services and projects on the ground of theory and methodology, and directly cooperates with and supports these entities in the topical work; &lt;br /&gt;
(3) helps IAG in articulating mathematical and physical challenges of geodesy as a subject of science and in attracting young talents to geodesy. ICCT strives to attract and serve as home to all mathematically motivated and oriented geodesists as well as to applied mathematicians; and &lt;br /&gt;
(4) encourages closer research ties with and gets directly involved in relevant areas of Earth sciences, bearing in mind that geodesy has always been playing an important role in understanding the physics of the Earth.

==Objectives==

The overall objectives of the ICCT are &lt;br /&gt;
• to act as international focus of theoretical geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to encourage and initiate activities to advance geodetic theory in all branches of geodesy &lt;br /&gt;
• to monitor developments in geodetic methodology &lt;br /&gt;
To achieve these objectives, ICCT interacts and collaborates with other IAG entities (Commissions, Services, GGOS, other ICCs, Projects).

==Program of Activities==

The ICCT's program of activities include &lt;br /&gt;
• participation as (co-)conveners of geodesy sessions at major conferences such as IAG Assemblies, EGU General Assemblies and AGU Meetings, &lt;br /&gt;
• organization of Hotine-Marussi Symposia, &lt;br /&gt;
• initiation of summer schools on theoretical geodesy, &lt;br /&gt;
• and maintaining a website for dissemination of ICCT related information.</text>
    <sha1>bb62a8b9b138492c2bb091035b54cad413aa51e0</sha1>
  </revision>
</page>
<page arvcontinue="2021-11-16 14:15:35+00|609">
  <title>JSG T.38</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
  <id>33</id>
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    <text bytes="4690" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid
modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2, IGFS''

__TOC__
&lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt;
===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* Presenting findings at international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of JSG members and other scientists whose research interests are related to scopes of this JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing a bibliographic list of publications from different branches of the science relevance to scopes of this JSG.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sten Claessens (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Vegard Ophaug (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sheng (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong) &lt;br /&gt;''

===Bibliography===</text>
    <sha1>2c3a63b25b1d1499b69ea7482332026ce6adcc94</sha1>
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    <contributor>
      <username>Novak</username>
      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Novak moved page [[JSG T.23]] to [[JSG T.38]]: New ICCT structure 2023-2027</comment>
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    <text bytes="4690" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid
modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2, IGFS''

__TOC__
&lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt;
===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* Presenting findings at international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of JSG members and other scientists whose research interests are related to scopes of this JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing a bibliographic list of publications from different branches of the science relevance to scopes of this JSG.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sten Claessens (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Vegard Ophaug (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sheng (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong) &lt;br /&gt;''

===Bibliography===</text>
    <sha1>2c3a63b25b1d1499b69ea7482332026ce6adcc94</sha1>
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    <text bytes="4690" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2, IGFS''

__TOC__
&lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt;
===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* Presenting findings at international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of JSG members and other scientists whose research interests are related to scopes of this JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing a bibliographic list of publications from different branches of the science relevance to scopes of this JSG.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sten Claessens (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Vegard Ophaug (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sheng (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong) &lt;br /&gt;''

===Bibliography===</text>
    <sha1>04c988a7aca5d69701c9966e2ac3702c411a4c82</sha1>
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    <text bytes="4692" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2, IGFS''

__TOC__
&lt;nowiki&gt; Insert non-formatted text here &lt;/nowiki&gt;
===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* Presenting findings at international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of JSG members and other scientists whose research interests are related to scopes of this JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing a bibliographic list of publications from different branches of the science relevance to scopes of this JSG.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sten Claessens (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Vegard Ophaug (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sheng (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong) &lt;br /&gt;''

===Bibliography===</text>
    <sha1>e6af6f248dd2a93a221420b39ae83eca48a07800</sha1>
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    <minor/>
    <comment>Novak moved page [[JSG T.38]] to [[Icctwiki:JSG T.23]]: revert</comment>
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    <text bytes="4692" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2, IGFS''

__TOC__
&lt;nowiki&gt; Insert non-formatted text here &lt;/nowiki&gt;
===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* Presenting findings at international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of JSG members and other scientists whose research interests are related to scopes of this JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing a bibliographic list of publications from different branches of the science relevance to scopes of this JSG.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sten Claessens (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Vegard Ophaug (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sheng (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong) &lt;br /&gt;''

===Bibliography===</text>
    <sha1>e6af6f248dd2a93a221420b39ae83eca48a07800</sha1>
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    <comment>Novak moved page [[Icctwiki:JSG T.23]] to [[JSG T.38]] over redirect: revert</comment>
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    <text bytes="4692" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2, IGFS''

__TOC__
&lt;nowiki&gt; Insert non-formatted text here &lt;/nowiki&gt;
===Introduction===

The gravitational field represents one of the principal properties of any planetary body. Physical quantities, e.g., the gravitational potential or its gradients (components of gravitational tensors), describe gravitational effects of any mass body. They help indirectly in sensing inner structures of planets and their (sub-)surface processes. Thus, they represent an indispensable tool for understanding inner structures and processes of planetary bodies and for solving challenging problems in geodesy, geophysics and other planetary sciences.

Various measurement principles have been developed for collecting gravitational data by terrestrial, marine, airborne or satellite sensors. From a theoretical point of view, different parameterizations of the gravitational field have been introduced. To transform observable parameters into sought parameters, various methods have been introduced, e.g., boundary-value problems of the potential theory have been formulated and solved analytically by integral transformations.

Transforms based on solving integral equations of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Hotine have traditionally been of significant interest in geodesy as they accommodated gravity field observables in the past. However, new gravitational data have recently become available with the advent of satellite-to-satellite tracking, Doppler tracking, satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, satellite gradiometry and chronometry. Moreover, gravitational curvatures have already been measured in laboratory. New observation techniques have stimulated formulations of new boundary-value problems, equally as possible considerations on a tie to partial differential equations of the second order on a two-dimensional manifold. Consequently, the family of surface integral formulas has considerably extended, covering now mutual transformations of gravitational gradients of up to the third order.

In light of numerous efforts in extending the apparatus of integral transforms, many theoretical and numerical issues still remain open. Within this JSG, open theoretical questions related to existing surface integral formulas, such as stochastic modelling, spectral combining of various gradients and assessing numerical accuracy, will be addressed. We also focus on extending the apparatus of spheroidal integral transforms which is particularly important for modelling gravitational fields of oblate or prolate planetary bodies.

===Objectives===

* Study noise propagation through spherical and spheroidal integral transforms.
* Propose efficient numerical algorithms for precise evaluation of spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Develop mathematical expressions for calculating the distant-zone effects for spherical and spheroidal integral transformations.
* Study mathematical properties of differential operators in spheroidal coordinates which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
* Formulate and solve spheroidal gradiometric and spheroidal curvature boundary-value problems.
* Complete the family of spheroidal integral transforms among various types of gravitational gradients and to derive corresponding integral kernel functions.
* Investigate optimal combination techniques of various gravitational gradients for gravitational field modelling at all scales.

===Program of activities===

* Presenting findings at international geodetic or geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
* Interacting with IAG Commissions and GGOS.
* Monitoring research activities of JSG members and other scientists whose research interests are related to scopes of this JSG.
* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing a bibliographic list of publications from different branches of the science relevance to scopes of this JSG.

===Members===

'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' &lt;br /&gt; Sten Claessens (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Peter Holota (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Juraj Janák (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt; Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Vegard Ophaug (Norway) &lt;br /&gt; Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; Michael Sheng (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (USA) &lt;br /&gt; Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong) &lt;br /&gt;''

===Bibliography===</text>
    <sha1>e6af6f248dd2a93a221420b39ae83eca48a07800</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
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    <parentid>641</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-31T23:08:19Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="5004" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2, IGFS''

__TOC__
&lt;nowiki&gt; Insert non-formatted text here &lt;/nowiki&gt;

===Terms of Reference===

It is over 170 years since George Gabriel Stokes published his seminal formula for
geoid determination using gravity anomalies. The formula was derived in spherical
approximation and is valid under some well-known assumptions. Since then, geoid
modelling has revolved more or less around handling these assumptions. As a result,
there are now various geoid and quasigeoid computation methods of both types, i.e.,
methods with and without requiring the Stokes integration. However, despite this
long-elapsed time, the determination of a cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid and
quasigeoid remains an ongoing quest, although it has been achieved in a few studies. &lt;br /&gt;

With the computation of cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid, a supposition can
be formed that solutions from different geoid modelling methods should converge
within a given threshold, with an ideal threshold value being one-cm. The rationale is
that, for a region, all the methods can be used to calculate the geoid using the same
data and underlying theory. Still, methods differ primarily due to different handling
of the data, and assumptions and approximations. Different methods provide different
solutions due to many aspects including but not limited to: 1. different modifications
of Stokes’s kernel, 2. different prediction/interpolation/extrapolation methods for
non-Stokes integrating geoid modelling methods, 3. use of geodetic versus geocentric
coordinates, 4. different Global Geopotential Models, 5. different gridding and merging
techniques, 6. different parameter sweeps (integration radius and kernel modification
degree), and 7. different handling of topography, atmosphere, spherical approximation,
and downward continuation. &lt;br /&gt;

Given these possible sources for differences in geoid models, it becomes inevitable
to first create a rigorous definition of a “cm-precise” and “cm-accurate” geoid followed
by a comparative study of intermediate steps of different geoid modelling methods,
in addition to comparing only the final results from different methods separately.
Comparative study of intermediate steps is essential given the fact that if using the
same datasets in different methods, it is expected to have geoid differences less than
one cm when the methods are designed to take into account all effects greater than
one cm. &lt;br /&gt;

Further, in view of cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid, it is important to compare
multiple methods and parameter sweeps in different areas. This is because it would
form an ideal strategy for a consistently precise/accurate geoid model. The difference
between the precise geoid and consistently precise geoid is that the precision, in the
latter, should be preserved when a geoid model is validated region-wise in addition to
the validation with the complete ground truth. Otherwise, cm-precise geoid may have
limited meaning.

===Objectives===

• Develop a statistical definition of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasi-geoid. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study and quantify the differences in handling the topography, atmosphere,
ellipsoidal correction, and downward continuation in different geoid/quasigeoid
modelling methods. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study, quantify and reduce the assumptions and approximations in different geoid
modelling methods to attain congruency within some threshold. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study the requirement for merging various components/steps of different geoid
modelling methods. &lt;br /&gt;
• Develop external validation techniques to determine region- or nationwide

===Program of activities===

• Presenting research findings at major international geodetic conferences, meetings,
and workshops. &lt;br /&gt;
• Preparation of joint publications with JSG members. &lt;br /&gt;
• Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2026. &lt;br /&gt;
• Organizing splinter meetings at major international conferences and a series of online
workshop. &lt;br /&gt;
• Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, and other study and
working groups on gravity modelling and height systems.

===Members===

Ropesh Goyal (India); Chair &lt;br /&gt;
Sten Claessens (Australia); Vice-Chair &lt;br /&gt; 
Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jonas Ågren (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; 
Xiaopeng Li (USA) &lt;br /&gt; 
Bihter Erol (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jack McCubbine (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; 
Koji Matsuo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; 
Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; 
Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jianliang Huang (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; 
Yan-Ming Wang (USA) &lt;br /&gt; 
Cheinway Hwang (China-Taipei) &lt;br /&gt; 
Neda Darbeheshti (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;

===Associate Members===

Jack McCubbine (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;</text>
    <sha1>79ed9431350a0d574e53e2662049a32f00cdbbd2</sha1>
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    <id>646</id>
    <parentid>643</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-31T23:19:49Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="4945" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation:''Commission 2, IGFS''

===Terms of Reference===

It is over 170 years since George Gabriel Stokes published his seminal formula for
geoid determination using gravity anomalies. The formula was derived in spherical
approximation and is valid under some well-known assumptions. Since then, geoid
modelling has revolved more or less around handling these assumptions. As a result,
there are now various geoid and quasigeoid computation methods of both types, i.e.,
methods with and without requiring the Stokes integration. However, despite this
long-elapsed time, the determination of a cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid and
quasigeoid remains an ongoing quest, although it has been achieved in a few studies. &lt;br /&gt;

With the computation of cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid, a supposition can
be formed that solutions from different geoid modelling methods should converge
within a given threshold, with an ideal threshold value being one-cm. The rationale is
that, for a region, all the methods can be used to calculate the geoid using the same
data and underlying theory. Still, methods differ primarily due to different handling
of the data, and assumptions and approximations. Different methods provide different
solutions due to many aspects including but not limited to: 1. different modifications
of Stokes’s kernel, 2. different prediction/interpolation/extrapolation methods for
non-Stokes integrating geoid modelling methods, 3. use of geodetic versus geocentric
coordinates, 4. different Global Geopotential Models, 5. different gridding and merging
techniques, 6. different parameter sweeps (integration radius and kernel modification
degree), and 7. different handling of topography, atmosphere, spherical approximation,
and downward continuation. &lt;br /&gt;

Given these possible sources for differences in geoid models, it becomes inevitable
to first create a rigorous definition of a “cm-precise” and “cm-accurate” geoid followed
by a comparative study of intermediate steps of different geoid modelling methods,
in addition to comparing only the final results from different methods separately.
Comparative study of intermediate steps is essential given the fact that if using the
same datasets in different methods, it is expected to have geoid differences less than
one cm when the methods are designed to take into account all effects greater than
one cm. &lt;br /&gt;

Further, in view of cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid, it is important to compare
multiple methods and parameter sweeps in different areas. This is because it would
form an ideal strategy for a consistently precise/accurate geoid model. The difference
between the precise geoid and consistently precise geoid is that the precision, in the
latter, should be preserved when a geoid model is validated region-wise in addition to
the validation with the complete ground truth. Otherwise, cm-precise geoid may have
limited meaning.

===Objectives===

• Develop a statistical definition of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasi-geoid. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study and quantify the differences in handling the topography, atmosphere,
ellipsoidal correction, and downward continuation in different geoid/quasigeoid
modelling methods. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study, quantify and reduce the assumptions and approximations in different geoid
modelling methods to attain congruency within some threshold. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study the requirement for merging various components/steps of different geoid
modelling methods. &lt;br /&gt;
• Develop external validation techniques to determine region- or nationwide

===Program of activities===

• Presenting research findings at major international geodetic conferences, meetings,
and workshops. &lt;br /&gt;
• Preparation of joint publications with JSG members. &lt;br /&gt;
• Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2026. &lt;br /&gt;
• Organizing splinter meetings at major international conferences and a series of online
workshop. &lt;br /&gt;
• Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, and other study and
working groups on gravity modelling and height systems.

===Members===

Ropesh Goyal (India); Chair &lt;br /&gt;
Sten Claessens (Australia); Vice-Chair &lt;br /&gt; 
Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jonas Ågren (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; 
Xiaopeng Li (USA) &lt;br /&gt; 
Bihter Erol (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jack McCubbine (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; 
Koji Matsuo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; 
Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; 
Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jianliang Huang (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; 
Yan-Ming Wang (USA) &lt;br /&gt; 
Cheinway Hwang (China-Taipei) &lt;br /&gt; 
Neda Darbeheshti (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;

===Associate Members===

Jack McCubbine (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;</text>
    <sha1>5984f2134b61131f06f3ab72332e106e3650bf3c</sha1>
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    <id>648</id>
    <parentid>646</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-31T23:29:25Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="4947" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliationσ:''Commission 2, IGFS''

===Terms of Reference===

It is over 170 years since George Gabriel Stokes published his seminal formula for
geoid determination using gravity anomalies. The formula was derived in spherical
approximation and is valid under some well-known assumptions. Since then, geoid
modelling has revolved more or less around handling these assumptions. As a result,
there are now various geoid and quasigeoid computation methods of both types, i.e.,
methods with and without requiring the Stokes integration. However, despite this
long-elapsed time, the determination of a cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid and
quasigeoid remains an ongoing quest, although it has been achieved in a few studies. &lt;br /&gt;

With the computation of cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid, a supposition can
be formed that solutions from different geoid modelling methods should converge
within a given threshold, with an ideal threshold value being one-cm. The rationale is
that, for a region, all the methods can be used to calculate the geoid using the same
data and underlying theory. Still, methods differ primarily due to different handling
of the data, and assumptions and approximations. Different methods provide different
solutions due to many aspects including but not limited to: 1. different modifications
of Stokes’s kernel, 2. different prediction/interpolation/extrapolation methods for
non-Stokes integrating geoid modelling methods, 3. use of geodetic versus geocentric
coordinates, 4. different Global Geopotential Models, 5. different gridding and merging
techniques, 6. different parameter sweeps (integration radius and kernel modification
degree), and 7. different handling of topography, atmosphere, spherical approximation,
and downward continuation. &lt;br /&gt;

Given these possible sources for differences in geoid models, it becomes inevitable
to first create a rigorous definition of a “cm-precise” and “cm-accurate” geoid followed
by a comparative study of intermediate steps of different geoid modelling methods,
in addition to comparing only the final results from different methods separately.
Comparative study of intermediate steps is essential given the fact that if using the
same datasets in different methods, it is expected to have geoid differences less than
one cm when the methods are designed to take into account all effects greater than
one cm. &lt;br /&gt;

Further, in view of cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid, it is important to compare
multiple methods and parameter sweeps in different areas. This is because it would
form an ideal strategy for a consistently precise/accurate geoid model. The difference
between the precise geoid and consistently precise geoid is that the precision, in the
latter, should be preserved when a geoid model is validated region-wise in addition to
the validation with the complete ground truth. Otherwise, cm-precise geoid may have
limited meaning.

===Objectives===

• Develop a statistical definition of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasi-geoid. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study and quantify the differences in handling the topography, atmosphere,
ellipsoidal correction, and downward continuation in different geoid/quasigeoid
modelling methods. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study, quantify and reduce the assumptions and approximations in different geoid
modelling methods to attain congruency within some threshold. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study the requirement for merging various components/steps of different geoid
modelling methods. &lt;br /&gt;
• Develop external validation techniques to determine region- or nationwide

===Program of activities===

• Presenting research findings at major international geodetic conferences, meetings,
and workshops. &lt;br /&gt;
• Preparation of joint publications with JSG members. &lt;br /&gt;
• Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2026. &lt;br /&gt;
• Organizing splinter meetings at major international conferences and a series of online
workshop. &lt;br /&gt;
• Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, and other study and
working groups on gravity modelling and height systems.

===Members===

Ropesh Goyal (India); Chair &lt;br /&gt;
Sten Claessens (Australia); Vice-Chair &lt;br /&gt; 
Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jonas Ågren (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; 
Xiaopeng Li (USA) &lt;br /&gt; 
Bihter Erol (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jack McCubbine (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; 
Koji Matsuo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; 
Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; 
Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jianliang Huang (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; 
Yan-Ming Wang (USA) &lt;br /&gt; 
Cheinway Hwang (China-Taipei) &lt;br /&gt; 
Neda Darbeheshti (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;

===Associate Members===

Jack McCubbine (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;</text>
    <sha1>c3959ba82552d81d58e7be14443be0da1e630980</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>649</id>
    <parentid>648</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-31T23:29:46Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="4946" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations:''Commission 2, IGFS''

===Terms of Reference===

It is over 170 years since George Gabriel Stokes published his seminal formula for
geoid determination using gravity anomalies. The formula was derived in spherical
approximation and is valid under some well-known assumptions. Since then, geoid
modelling has revolved more or less around handling these assumptions. As a result,
there are now various geoid and quasigeoid computation methods of both types, i.e.,
methods with and without requiring the Stokes integration. However, despite this
long-elapsed time, the determination of a cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid and
quasigeoid remains an ongoing quest, although it has been achieved in a few studies. &lt;br /&gt;

With the computation of cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid, a supposition can
be formed that solutions from different geoid modelling methods should converge
within a given threshold, with an ideal threshold value being one-cm. The rationale is
that, for a region, all the methods can be used to calculate the geoid using the same
data and underlying theory. Still, methods differ primarily due to different handling
of the data, and assumptions and approximations. Different methods provide different
solutions due to many aspects including but not limited to: 1. different modifications
of Stokes’s kernel, 2. different prediction/interpolation/extrapolation methods for
non-Stokes integrating geoid modelling methods, 3. use of geodetic versus geocentric
coordinates, 4. different Global Geopotential Models, 5. different gridding and merging
techniques, 6. different parameter sweeps (integration radius and kernel modification
degree), and 7. different handling of topography, atmosphere, spherical approximation,
and downward continuation. &lt;br /&gt;

Given these possible sources for differences in geoid models, it becomes inevitable
to first create a rigorous definition of a “cm-precise” and “cm-accurate” geoid followed
by a comparative study of intermediate steps of different geoid modelling methods,
in addition to comparing only the final results from different methods separately.
Comparative study of intermediate steps is essential given the fact that if using the
same datasets in different methods, it is expected to have geoid differences less than
one cm when the methods are designed to take into account all effects greater than
one cm. &lt;br /&gt;

Further, in view of cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid, it is important to compare
multiple methods and parameter sweeps in different areas. This is because it would
form an ideal strategy for a consistently precise/accurate geoid model. The difference
between the precise geoid and consistently precise geoid is that the precision, in the
latter, should be preserved when a geoid model is validated region-wise in addition to
the validation with the complete ground truth. Otherwise, cm-precise geoid may have
limited meaning.

===Objectives===

• Develop a statistical definition of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasi-geoid. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study and quantify the differences in handling the topography, atmosphere,
ellipsoidal correction, and downward continuation in different geoid/quasigeoid
modelling methods. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study, quantify and reduce the assumptions and approximations in different geoid
modelling methods to attain congruency within some threshold. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study the requirement for merging various components/steps of different geoid
modelling methods. &lt;br /&gt;
• Develop external validation techniques to determine region- or nationwide

===Program of activities===

• Presenting research findings at major international geodetic conferences, meetings,
and workshops. &lt;br /&gt;
• Preparation of joint publications with JSG members. &lt;br /&gt;
• Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2026. &lt;br /&gt;
• Organizing splinter meetings at major international conferences and a series of online
workshop. &lt;br /&gt;
• Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, and other study and
working groups on gravity modelling and height systems.

===Members===

Ropesh Goyal (India); Chair &lt;br /&gt;
Sten Claessens (Australia); Vice-Chair &lt;br /&gt; 
Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jonas Ågren (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; 
Xiaopeng Li (USA) &lt;br /&gt; 
Bihter Erol (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jack McCubbine (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; 
Koji Matsuo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; 
Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; 
Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jianliang Huang (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; 
Yan-Ming Wang (USA) &lt;br /&gt; 
Cheinway Hwang (China-Taipei) &lt;br /&gt; 
Neda Darbeheshti (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;

===Associate Members===

Jack McCubbine (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;</text>
    <sha1>bc888f6668ab590c6a9f8bc3fdeadd0aff447800</sha1>
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  <revision>
    <id>650</id>
    <parentid>649</parentid>
    <timestamp>2024-08-31T23:30:01Z</timestamp>
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    <text bytes="4947" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.38: Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Classens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commission 2, IGFS''

===Terms of Reference===

It is over 170 years since George Gabriel Stokes published his seminal formula for
geoid determination using gravity anomalies. The formula was derived in spherical
approximation and is valid under some well-known assumptions. Since then, geoid
modelling has revolved more or less around handling these assumptions. As a result,
there are now various geoid and quasigeoid computation methods of both types, i.e.,
methods with and without requiring the Stokes integration. However, despite this
long-elapsed time, the determination of a cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid and
quasigeoid remains an ongoing quest, although it has been achieved in a few studies. &lt;br /&gt;

With the computation of cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid, a supposition can
be formed that solutions from different geoid modelling methods should converge
within a given threshold, with an ideal threshold value being one-cm. The rationale is
that, for a region, all the methods can be used to calculate the geoid using the same
data and underlying theory. Still, methods differ primarily due to different handling
of the data, and assumptions and approximations. Different methods provide different
solutions due to many aspects including but not limited to: 1. different modifications
of Stokes’s kernel, 2. different prediction/interpolation/extrapolation methods for
non-Stokes integrating geoid modelling methods, 3. use of geodetic versus geocentric
coordinates, 4. different Global Geopotential Models, 5. different gridding and merging
techniques, 6. different parameter sweeps (integration radius and kernel modification
degree), and 7. different handling of topography, atmosphere, spherical approximation,
and downward continuation. &lt;br /&gt;

Given these possible sources for differences in geoid models, it becomes inevitable
to first create a rigorous definition of a “cm-precise” and “cm-accurate” geoid followed
by a comparative study of intermediate steps of different geoid modelling methods,
in addition to comparing only the final results from different methods separately.
Comparative study of intermediate steps is essential given the fact that if using the
same datasets in different methods, it is expected to have geoid differences less than
one cm when the methods are designed to take into account all effects greater than
one cm. &lt;br /&gt;

Further, in view of cm-precise and/or cm-accurate geoid, it is important to compare
multiple methods and parameter sweeps in different areas. This is because it would
form an ideal strategy for a consistently precise/accurate geoid model. The difference
between the precise geoid and consistently precise geoid is that the precision, in the
latter, should be preserved when a geoid model is validated region-wise in addition to
the validation with the complete ground truth. Otherwise, cm-precise geoid may have
limited meaning.

===Objectives===

• Develop a statistical definition of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasi-geoid. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study and quantify the differences in handling the topography, atmosphere,
ellipsoidal correction, and downward continuation in different geoid/quasigeoid
modelling methods. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study, quantify and reduce the assumptions and approximations in different geoid
modelling methods to attain congruency within some threshold. &lt;br /&gt;
• Study the requirement for merging various components/steps of different geoid
modelling methods. &lt;br /&gt;
• Develop external validation techniques to determine region- or nationwide

===Program of activities===

• Presenting research findings at major international geodetic conferences, meetings,
and workshops. &lt;br /&gt;
• Preparation of joint publications with JSG members. &lt;br /&gt;
• Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2026. &lt;br /&gt;
• Organizing splinter meetings at major international conferences and a series of online
workshop. &lt;br /&gt;
• Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, and other study and
working groups on gravity modelling and height systems.

===Members===

Ropesh Goyal (India); Chair &lt;br /&gt;
Sten Claessens (Australia); Vice-Chair &lt;br /&gt; 
Ismael Foroughi (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jonas Ågren (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt; 
Xiaopeng Li (USA) &lt;br /&gt; 
Bihter Erol (Turkey) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jack McCubbine (Australia) &lt;br /&gt; 
Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; 
Koji Matsuo (Japan) &lt;br /&gt; 
Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) &lt;br /&gt; 
Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt; 
Jianliang Huang (Canada) &lt;br /&gt; 
Yan-Ming Wang (USA) &lt;br /&gt; 
Cheinway Hwang (China-Taipei) &lt;br /&gt; 
Neda Darbeheshti (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;

===Associate Members===

Jack McCubbine (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;</text>
    <sha1>a54cecffa820d4258cf8b812db6add8ff5cc753b</sha1>
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  <title>JSG T.23</title>
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  <id>80</id>
  <revision>
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    <timestamp>2024-08-31T22:28:00Z</timestamp>
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      <id>4</id>
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    <comment>Novak moved page [[JSG T.23]] to [[JSG T.38]]: New ICCT structure 2023-2027</comment>
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    <text bytes="22" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[JSG T.38]]</text>
    <sha1>d98724c35a2e6b39524c3b40cc9ec9580b04c00e</sha1>
  </revision>
  <revision>
    <id>633</id>
    <parentid>632</parentid>
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    <contributor>
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      <id>4</id>
    </contributor>
    <minor/>
    <comment>Novak moved page [[JSG T.23]] to [[Icctwiki:JSG T.38]]: New ICCT structure 2023-2027</comment>
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    <format>text/x-wiki</format>
    <text bytes="22" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[JSG T.38]]</text>
    <sha1>d98724c35a2e6b39524c3b40cc9ec9580b04c00e</sha1>
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  <revision>
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    <comment>Novak moved page [[Icctwiki:JSG T.38]] to [[JSG T.23]] over redirect: revert</comment>
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    <text bytes="22" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[JSG T.38]]</text>
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  <title>Icctwiki:JSG T.38</title>
  <ns>4</ns>
  <id>83</id>
  <revision>
    <id>640</id>
    <timestamp>2024-08-31T22:52:57Z</timestamp>
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      <id>4</id>
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    <comment>Novak moved page [[Icctwiki:JSG T.38]] to [[JSG T.23]] over redirect: revert</comment>
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  <title>Icctwiki:JSG T.23</title>
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    <comment>Novak moved page [[Icctwiki:JSG T.23]] to [[JSG T.38]] over redirect: revert</comment>
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<page arvcontinue="2021-11-16 14:15:35+00|609">
  <title>News</title>
  <ns>0</ns>
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    <text bytes="663" xml:space="preserve">==Important meetings==

GGHS2024 - Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems 2024 Symposium 
Thessaloniki, Greece, 4-6 September 2024
It focuses on methods for observing, estimating and interpreting the Earth’s gravity field and the essential role of gravity field modelling in measuring, understanding and predicting changes in the Earth system

[https://www.gghs2024.com/ GGHS2024]

==Other meetings==

* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
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    <id>645</id>
    <parentid>644</parentid>
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    <text bytes="689" xml:space="preserve">==Important meetings==

'''GGHS2024 - Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems 2024 Symposium &lt;br /&gt;'''
Thessaloniki, Greece, 4-6 September 2024 &lt;br /&gt;
It focuses on methods for observing, estimating and interpreting the Earth’s gravity field and the essential role of gravity field modelling in measuring, understanding and predicting changes in the Earth system &lt;br /&gt;

[https://www.gghs2024.com/ GGHS2024]

==Other meetings==

* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [http://www.egu.eu/meetings/meeting-overview.html EGU Meeting overview]</text>
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    <id>651</id>
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    <comment>/* Other meetings */</comment>
    <model>wikitext</model>
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    <text bytes="669" xml:space="preserve">==Important meetings==

'''GGHS2024 - Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems 2024 Symposium &lt;br /&gt;'''
Thessaloniki, Greece, 4-6 September 2024 &lt;br /&gt;
It focuses on methods for observing, estimating and interpreting the Earth’s gravity field and the essential role of gravity field modelling in measuring, understanding and predicting changes in the Earth system &lt;br /&gt;

[https://www.gghs2024.com/ GGHS2024]

==Other meetings==

* Actual information about IAG meetings are at IAG website: [http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?tpl=cat&amp;id_c=50 IAG Meeting overview]

* Actual information about EGU meetings are at EGU website: [https://www.egu.eu/meetings/ EGU Meeting overview]</text>
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<page arvcontinue="2021-11-16 14:15:35+00|609">
  <title>Study groups</title>
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    <text bytes="2934" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==

[[JSG T.38|'''JSG T.38 Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commission 2, IGFS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.24|'''JSG T.24: Integration and co-location of space geodetic observations and parameters''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Krsyzstof Sośnica (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 2, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.25|'''JSG T.25: Combining geodetic and geophysical information for probing Earth’s inner structure and its dynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Robert Tenzer (Hong Kong)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.26|'''JSG T.26: Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling for realization of the geopotential height datum''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: '' Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.27|'''JSG T.27: Coupling processes between magnetosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Andres Calabia (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.28|'''JSG T.28: Forward gravity field modelling of known mass distributions''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.29|'''JSG T.29: Machine learning in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chairs: ''Benedikt Soja (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.30|'''JSG T.30: Dynamic modelling of deformation, rotation and gravity field variations''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 2 and 3, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.31|'''JSG T.31: Multi-GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Amir Khodabandeh (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.32|'''JSG T.32: High-rate GNSS for geoscience and mobility''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mattia Crespi (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.33|'''JSG T.33: Time series analysis in geodesy and geodynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Wieslaw Kosek (Poland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commissions 1, 3 and 4, GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.34|'''JSG T.34: High resolution harmonic analysis and synthesis of potential fields''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia) Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.35|'''JSG T.35: Advanced numerical methods in physical geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Robert Čunderlík (Slovakia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.36|'''JSG T.36: Dense troposphere and ionosphere sounding''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Giorgio Savastano (Luxembourg)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 4 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.37|'''JSG T.37: Theory and methods related to combination of high-resolution topographic/bathymetric models in geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Daniela Carrion (Italy)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliation: ''Commission 2 and GGOS''&lt;br&gt;</text>
    <sha1>b9a9d02f5d8298ca48255788230e5ee4ec23c2e3</sha1>
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    <text bytes="2717" xml:space="preserve">==Joint Study Groups==

[[JSG T.38|'''JSG T.38 Exploring the similarities and dissimilarities among different geoid/quasigeoid modelling techniques in view of cm-precise and cm-accurate geoid/quasigeoid''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Ropesh Goyal (India)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Sten Claessens (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commission 2, IGFS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.39|'''JSG T.39 Gravitational field modelling and analysis for oblate and prolate planetary bodies''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commission 2, ICGEM''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.40|'''JSG T.40 Modelling the gravity field of irregularly shaped celestial bodies''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Zhi Yin (China)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commissions 1,2, IGFS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.41|'''JSG T.41 Geodetic quality/integrity modelling, monitoring and design''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Safoora Zaminpardaz (Australia)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commissions 1,2,3,4''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.42|'''JSG T.42 Theoretical developments and applications of combined methods for a better understanding of the Earth’s lithospheric formation, structure, and dynamics''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Robert Tenzer (China-Hong Kong)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commissions 2,3''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.43|'''JSG T.43 Statistical methods in regional gravity field modelling''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Mehdi Eshagh (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commissions 1,2, IGFS

[[JSG T.44|'''JSG T.44 Atmospheric coupling studies''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Andres Calabia Aibar (Spain)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Binod Adhikari (Nepal)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commission 4, GGOS (GSWR)''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.45|'''JSG T.45 Dynamic gravity modelling of given distributions''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Tsoulis (Greece)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commissions 2,3''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.46|'''JSG T.46 Deformation, rotation and gravity field modeling for Earth and space''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Yoshiyuki Tanaka (Japan)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commissions 2,3''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.47|'''JSG T.47 Height datum: Definition, New Concepts, and Standardization''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Xiaopeng Li (USA)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Marcelo Santos (Canada)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commission 2, IGFS''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.48|'''JSG T.48 Theoretical Foundations of Machine and Deep Learning in Geodesy''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Lotfi Massarweh (The Netherlands)''&lt;br&gt;
Vice-Chair: ''Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi (Switzerland)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commissions 2,3,4, GGOS (AI4G)''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.49|'''JSG T.49 High-resolution probing of the troposphere and ionosphere''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Michela Ravanelli (Italy))''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commission 4, GGOS (Geohazards Monitoring, GSWR)''&lt;br&gt;

[[JSG T.50|'''JSG T.50 High-precision GNSS theory and algorithms''']]&lt;br&gt;
Chair: ''Dimitrios Psychas (The Netherlands)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commissions 1,4''&lt;br&gt;</text>
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  <title>JSG T.39</title>
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    <comment>Created page with "&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.39: Gravitational field modelling and analysis for oblate and prolate planetary bodies'''&lt;/big&gt;  Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt; Affiliations: ''..."</comment>
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    <text bytes="5480" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;'''JSG T.39: Gravitational field modelling and analysis for oblate and prolate planetary bodies'''&lt;/big&gt;

Chair: ''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''&lt;br&gt;
Affiliations: ''Commission 2, ICGEM''

===Terms of Reference===

Gravitation belongs to the four known fundamental physical interactions and represents
a crucial quantity reflecting the state of attracting masses. Its knowledge stands
at the core of important applications, e.g., 1) establishing planetary reference systems
for positioning and predicting orbits of artificial satellites in geodesy; 2) studying inner
structures, (sub-)surface processes, and thermal evolutions of planetary bodies in geophysics
and planetary sciences; 3) detecting mass transport for understanding climate
change and mechanisms of natural hazards in environmental sciences; or 4) navigating
terrestrial or space vehicles in transport, military and space exploration. In general,
gravitation is indispensable for advancing science, industry, and research; and for
addressing a broad range of societal issues, such as sustainable energy, environmental
aspects, or infrastructure development.&lt;br /&gt;

The science of determining gravitational fields at macroscales is called physical
geodesy. This intriguing subject has been an inherent component of the International
Association of Geodesy (IAG) and is officially considered one of main pillars of the
modern geodetic research. The current status of physical geodesy may even be understated
as countless scientists take numerous key products, i.e., static and time-variable
gravitational fields, for granted and access them freely from IAG international services,
e.g., the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM), International
Gravimetric Bureau, International Gravity Field Service and International Service for
the Geoid, as well as from ESA’s Planetary Science Archive or NASA’s Planetary
Data System Geoscience Node.&lt;br /&gt;

The international services and their products originate from an intricate modelling.
This non-trivial process essentially combines these three key components: &lt;br /&gt;
• Experimental data are geometric, gravitational, and auxiliary measurements collected
by various sensors. For the Earth, these data originate from an ultimate
infrastructure of the IAG called the Global Geodetic Observing System.&lt;br /&gt;
• Methodology is the underlying mathematical apparatus. Physical geodesy employs
potential theory by studying and advancing boundary-value problems (BVPs),
integral transformations and equations, and forward modelling of potential fields.
Alternatively, statistical methods, e.g., the least-squares collocation, have been
developed.&lt;br /&gt;
• Computational tools are elements of discrete mathematics and computer science,
e.g., numerical methods and algorithms, software, and hardware.&lt;br /&gt;

The standard conceptual framework for the gravitational field determination by
potential theory often relies on spherical approximation. Nevertheless, as proved by the
expeditions of the French Academy of Sciences to South America and Lapland already
in the 18th century, Earth’s shape is much closer to a rotational ellipsoid flattened at
the poles (flattening ≈ 1/298). Contemporary investigations of solar system planetary
bodies have revealed that many resemble prolate or oblate ellipsoids with many of
them flattened more significantly than the Earth. Four such spheroidal bodies have
recently been of an immense research interest: 1) Mars (flattening ≈ 1/170) being
intensely explored by satellite and lander missions as it represents a potential target for
future colonisation, 2) the asteroid Bennu (flattening ≈ 1/8.5) explored by the samplereturn
satellite mission OSIRIS-REx, 3) the dwarf planet Ceres (flattening ≈ 1/13.4),
and 4) the asteroid Vesta (flattening ≈ 1/5.7), both explored by the satellite mission
Dawn. In addition, several comets and asteroids with spheroidal (ellipsoidal) shapes
have been subject to an intense small body research. Thus, there is an urgent need for
formulating a modern conceptual framework for the gravitational field determination.

===Objectives===

• To complete the class of spheroidal integral transformations relating various types of gravitational data.&lt;br /&gt;
• To derive the mathematical theory for the spheroidal forward modelling in the spatial and in the spectral domain.&lt;br /&gt;
• To propose a rigorous method for estimating surface mass variations for flattened planetary bodies.&lt;br /&gt;
• To develop efficient and accurate software tools for the spheroidal gravitational field modelling.&lt;br /&gt;

===Program of activities===

• To cooperate with related IAG entities (Commission 2, ICGEM).&lt;br /&gt;
• To present research findings at geodetic and geophysical conferences.&lt;br /&gt;
• To monitor research activities of JSG members and of other scientists, whose research interests are related to the scopes of JSG.&lt;br /&gt;
• To organise a session at Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2026.

===Members===

Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic); Chair &lt;br /&gt;
Blažej Bucha (Slovakia) &lt;br /&gt;
Sten Claessens (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;
Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) &lt;br /&gt;
Khosro Ghobadi-Far (USA) &lt;br /&gt;
Elmas Sinem Ince van der Wal (Germany) &lt;br /&gt;
Martina Idžanović (Norway) &lt;br /&gt;
Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt;
Vegard Ophaug (Norway) &lt;br /&gt;
Georgios Panou (Greece) &lt;br /&gt;
Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) &lt;br /&gt;
Mahdiyeh Razeghi (Australia) &lt;br /&gt;
Natthachet Tangdamrongsub (Thailand) &lt;br /&gt;</text>
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  <title>JSG T.24</title>
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  <title>Links</title>
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    <comment>/* IAG Commisions */</comment>
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    <text bytes="561" xml:space="preserve">[http://www.iag-aig.org/ IAG - The International Association of Geodesy]

[http://www.iugg.org/ IUGG and Associations]
 
===IAG Commissions===
 
*[http://iag.dgfi.badw.de/ Commission 1. Reference Frames]
*[http://www.ceegs.ohio-state.edu/iag-commission2 Commission 2. Gravity Field]
*[http://www.astro.oma.be/IAG/index.html Commission 3. Earth Rotation and Geodynamics]
*[http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/iag/iag_comm4.htm Commission 4. Positioning and Applications]

===IAG Services===

*[http://www.iag-aig.org/index.php?id_c=11&amp;tpl=cat&amp;np=1/ List of IAG Services]</text>
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</mediawiki>